Enzyme Substrates

<p>Aldol 458 nonanoate solution is a high quality, enzyme substrate that can be used for a number of applications. It has been shown to be an excellent chromogenic substrate, bioluminescence, ligand and chemiluminescence. Aldol 458 nonanoate solution has also been used for the detection of staining and diagnostics. The compound is a conjugate with an excellent binding affinity to proteins. This product can be used in food testing, culture media, fluorogenic substrate and environmental testing. CAS No. 2484873-15-4</p>

Aldol 470 phosphate is a chromogenic substrate for phosphatases yielding a yellow precipitate. Furthermore it shows some fluorescence (excitationat 320 nm to 490 nm). In contrast to classical indoxyl substrates, Aldolsubstrates work not only under aerobic but also under anaerobic conditions.

<p>Beta-mannachrome is a chemical compound with the formula of CHN(CH)CO. It is a colorless solid that has been used for staining, as a ligand in coordination chemistry and as a biological substrate for chemiluminescence. Beta-mannachrome is used in diagnostics and as an enzyme substrate in various biochemical reactions.<br><br>Beta-Mannachrome is an organic compound that can be synthesized from benzaldehyde and mannitol. It is also found in nature, where it is produced by the fungus Cladosporium cladosporioides. Beta-Mannachrome reacts with hydrogen peroxide to produce light through chemiluminescence. The light produced by this reaction can be measured using a luminometer or other optical instruments to determine the concentration of beta-Mannachrome present.<br><br>The CAS number of beta-Mannachrome is 619-96-8 and its molecular weight is 134.17</p>

<p>Tyramine targets peroxidase to form a brown color</p>

2-(2-Thiazolylazo)-p-cresol structure enables it to form complexes with certain metal ions, changing color in the process. This color change is highly useful in titrimetric analyses (quantitative chemical analysis method) to determine the concentration of metal ions in a solution.  The substrates are colored orange-yellow (absorbance maximum= 375 nm). After the enzymatic conversion, the resulting TAC shows an intense, soluble red-violet color (544 nm) in an alkaline medium (pH = 10.3).

<p>ABTS can be used as a peroxidase substrate that gives a metastable cation when in the presence of H2O2. 2,2'-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) or ABTS is commonly used in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ABTS is chosen because the enzyme facilitates the reaction to give a green end-product with an absorbance maximum of 420nm and can therefore be detected with a spectrophotometer.</p>

<p>Resorufin N-acetyl-b-D-galactosamine is a fluorogenic substrate used as a probe to detect and quantify the activity of N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminidase (also known as beta-hexosaminidase or HEX(NAG)). Particularly useful in biomedical research, clinical chemistry, and diagnostics, when the substrate is cleaved, the highly fluorescent resorufin dye is produced that can be detected at approximately 598 nm.</p>

<p>For visualizing enzymatic activity</p>

<p>As an alternative to commonly used colorimetric and fluorescent substrates, 3-(2'-Spiroadamantane)-4-methoxy-4-(3''-phosphoryloxy)phenyl-1,2-dioxetane, abbreviated AMPPD, is a chemiluminescent substrate for alkaline phosphatase (ALP). It allows detection of alkaline phosphatase at a high sensitivity. Literature reports that the co-presence of 0.1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) leads to a signal increase of 10-folds under selected conditions.</p>

<p>2-(2-Thiazolylazo)-4-cresyl]phosphate, p-toluidine salt is a chromogenic substrate for alkaline phosphatase resulting in a dark red color.</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about [2-(2-Thiazolylazo)-4-cresyl]-β-D-galactopyranoside including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about 5-Chloro-N-(2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl)-2-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)benzamide including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl phosphate dilithium is a fluorogenic substrate for alkaline phosphatase. After enzymatic cleaveage, free 4-methylumbelliferone (also known as hymecromone) is released, exhibiting blue fluorescence upon excitation with UV light. The strongest fluorescence of 4-methylumbelliferone requires deprotonation of the hydroxyl group (thus requires alkaline pH), with a maximal fluorescence intensity obtained with excitation at 350 to 370 nm and emission at 440 to 470 nm. The use of 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate dilithiumas a substrate for measuring the alkaline phosphatase activity is used for bone metabolism disorder studies and hypophosphatasia diagnosis.</p>

<p>Ac-D-Cha-GR-aminoluciferin is a modified form of D-luciferin used as a luminescent enzyme substrate for protease. This modified substrate provides a longer light emission than normal luciferins, allowing their use in cell-based bioluminescence assays.</p>

<p>Acetyl coenzyme A trilithium salt trihydrate (ATC) is a glutathione-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the acetylation of compounds with a thiol group. Acetyl coenzyme A trilithium salt trihydrate has been shown to acetylate recombinant human and hek293 cells as well as xenobiotic compounds such as acetaminophen, chlorzoxazone, and phenacetin. The rate of acetylation depends on the concentration of glutathione and the availability of the substrate. There is no evidence that ATC conjugates or transfers acetyllysine to other proteins. It is excreted in the urine after being expressed by recombinant human and hek293 cells.END&gt;</p>

5-Bromo-6-chloro-3-indoxyl choline phosphate is a chemiluminescent substrate for the detection of bacterial activity. It reacts with an enzyme, luciferase, which is present in a variety of living cells. The reaction produces light. This product has been tested for environmental and food safety by the manufacturer. 5-Bromo-6-chloro-3-indoxyl choline phosphate is used as a diagnostic tool to determine the presence of bacteria in humans, animals, and plants. It can be used to measure levels of bacteria in culture media, water samples, and food products. 5-Bromo-6-chloro-3-indoxyl choline phosphate can also be used as a substrate for enzymes such as phosphatases or esterases that catalyze reactions with substrates with brominated or chlorinated groups.

<p>A useful substrate for the study of enzyme activities</p>

<p>AquaSpark® alpha-D-glucoside is a bioluminescent substrate that can be used in assays for detecting enzyme activity in cells or tissues.</p>

<p>N-α-benzoyl-DL-arginine-4-nitroanilide hydrochloride is commonly used as a substrate in various enzymatic assays, particularly for studying proteases like trypsin and chymotrypsin. It serves as a synthetic substrate to measure the activity of these enzymes. For instance, it has been used to determine trypsin activity in different organisms and tissues. The substrate has also been employed in studying the enzymatic properties of various proteases, including those found in latex, snake venoms,  and plant seeds. Additionally, it has been utilized to assess the effects of different compounds on trypsin activity, such as condensed tannins and wine.</p>

<p>5-bromo-3-indolyl-b-d-glucopyranoside, also known as 5BIG, is an enzyme substrate for beta-glucosidase. It is used in bacterial assays for the identifcation of Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. After cleavege, it gives an intense blue color.</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrate targeting the beta-galactosidase enzyme</p>

<p>A fluorogenic MOSCERDAM® substrate targeting cellulases</p>

<p>3,3'-Diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride or DAB hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of biphenyl tetra-aniline. DAB hydrochloride is a water-soluble formulation of DAB and is used in immunohistochemical staining of nucleic acids and proteins. DAB hydrochloride is used in Alzheimer's disease research, Aβ protein amyloid plaques are targeted by a primary antibody, and subsequently by a secondary antibody, which is conjugated with a peroxidase enzyme. This will bind DAB as a substrate and oxidize causing a colour change. 3,3’-Diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride is also available as the tetrahydrochloride hydrate and as the free base.</p>

<p>AquaSpark® Peroxide Probe is a dioxetane-based substrate for the luminescence detection of hydrogen peroxide and other peroxides in biological samples. AquaSpark® Peroxide Probe is the most sensitive probe for H2O2 detection available. It is also an extremely versatile probe for oxidase detection applicable in a wide range of biocompatible buffers. For example it can be used for glucose oxidase detection andfor the quantitation of glucose levels (when coupled to the glucoseoxidase activity in an assay). In addition, AquaSpark® Peroxide Probe is used for the quantification of other biologically relevant compounds(e.g. amino acids) using the corresponding peroxide releasing oxidases.</p>

<p>Resorufin acetate is a fluorogenic substrate for esterase activity measurments in lipid metabolism studies. It is also used as a substrate for chymotrypsin, a digestive enzyme produced by the pancreas that aids in protein digestion in the small intestine.</p>

<p>Methyl 4-methylumbelliferyl hexyl phosphonate is a lipase suicide inhibitor that is a fluorogenic substrate for lipases which upon enzymatic action, binds irreversibly to the lipase and inactivates it. The substrate can be used for the determination of active sites in lipases and the fluorescent signal can be detected at Ex 363 nm and Em 465 nm.</p>

<p>3-Carboxyumbelliferyl b-D-glucuronide serves as a highly sensitive fluorogenic substrate for detecting b-glucuronidase activity. Upon enzymatic cleavage, it generates a fluorescent product enabling easy and accurate monitoring of enzyme activity in various applications, such as diagnostics, drug discovery, and research.</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-6-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-b-D-glucopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-a-D-galactopyranoside is a chromogenic pNP glycoside substrate designed for the detection and assay of specific enzymes, particularly glycosidases. Upon enzymatic hydrolysis, this substrate releases a quantifiable 4-nitrophenol moiety enabling straightforward colorimetric measurement. This pNP-linked substrate is versatile and can be efficiently employed in enzyme activity assays, screening enzyme inhibitors, and assessing enzyme mechanisms, enhancing research and development processes in the field of glycobiology.</p>

<p>AquaSpark® beta-D-galactoside, 10 mM in DMSO is a fluorogenic substrate for beta-galactosidase. This is typically used at 10 – 50 µM final concentration. Cymit Quimica provides AquaSpark® beta-D-galactoside as a 10 mM stock solution in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for convenience and improved storage stability.</p>

<p>A fluorogenic MOSCERDAM® substrate targeting alpha-arabinofuranosidase</p>

<p>Aldol® 467 N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate used for detection of ?-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase activity. The colorless enzyme substrate is cleaved in the presence of ?-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase yielding development of a yellow product. In addition, green fluorescence is generated when a suitable matrix or Aldol® 355 fluorescence enhancer is present. Aldol® 467 N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide amide can be used in enzymatic assays or in live bacterial cultures. Aldol® 467 N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide is suitable for use in liquid and solid media, under aerobic as well as anaerobic conditions.</p>