Enzyme Substrates

<p>FLsharp™ - Phosphate, disodium salt is a fluorogenic water soluble substrate for phosphatase enzymes. After cleavage of the substrate by phosphatase activity an insoluble product is formed that is highly fluorescent in the solid state. Upon UV irradiation this very stable fluorophore emits green light in the 530 nm range for an extended period of time. FLsharp™ - Phosphate is a unique substrate - optimized for the detection of phosphatase activity in solid matrices such as agar media, tissuesections or microscopic preparations. FLsharp™ - Phosphate, disodium salt is used in microbiology as asubstrate for bacterial phosphatases. The substrate is suitable to detect the specific phosphatase activity of S. aureus or C. perfringensin food samples or clinical samples. Colonies growing on plating media supplemented with FLsharp™ emit green light upon UV light excitation(Excitation max: 365 nm; emission max: 530 nm). The enzyme product formed from FLsharp™ in agar plating media enables high precision for the localization of the relevant colonies on the plate. As a result small bacteria colonies of phosphatase-positive bacteria can be detected already after a short incubation time.  In cytochemical and histochemical imaging FLsharp™ - Phosphate, disodiumsalt can be used as a substrate for Alkaline Phosphatase (AP)-coupled antibodies. The fluorophore that is released from FLsharp™ - Phosphateby phosphatase activity will precipitate. This insoluble fluorophoreen ables a precise localization of the antibody-bound epitope in cells or tissues under a fluorescence microscope or fluorescence imaging system. The green fluorescence of FLsharp™ can be clearly differentiated from autofluorescence or counterstainings such as (blue) DAPI or (red) Alexafluorophores.</p>

<p>4-(Hydroxymethyl)phenyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoside tetraacetate is a substrate for enzymes that catalyze the hydroxylation of carbohydrates. It can be used as a substrate for peroxidase and beta-glucosidase, which are important in the production of natural products such as resveratrol, catechins, and lignin. 4-(Hydroxymethyl)phenyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoside tetraacetate is also a chromogenic substrate for chemiluminescence reactions. The product is available as a powder and can be used in diagnostic kits to detect the presence of enzymes or other substances in food or environmental samples.</p>

<p>5-Bromo-3-indoxyl caprylate is a fluorogenic substrate that can be used for the detection of β-galactosidase. It is an enzyme substrate that can be used to measure β-galactosidase activity in cell culture media. It has a high purity and high quality. 5-Bromo-3-indoxyl caprylate is also used as a chromogenic substrate for the detection of β-galactosidase. This product has a CAS number of 133950-69-3.</p>

<p>Ac-DEVD-6-amino-D-luciferin is a bioluminescence substrate for protease enzymes (eg caspase-3 protease).</p>

<p>AquaSpark® H2S probe is a chemiluminescent probe for the detection of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), with excellent selectivity for sulfide over thiols. The AquaSpark® H2S probe is ~760-fold more selective for Na2S than to L-cysteine, and ~380-fold more selective for Na2S than for glutathione. AquaSpark® H2S probe was used in a study identifying antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains by detecting the beta-lactamase-driven hydrolysis of beta-lactam antibiotics, where hydrogen sulfide is a biodegradation metabolite (Popat Gholap et al, 2021).</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about 3-Indoxyl choline phosphate including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>AquaSpark® 510 acetate is a dioxetane-based luminogenic substrate for C2-esterase (acetyl esterase) activity. Upon hydrolytic cleavage by the enzyme AquaSpark® 510 acetate spontaneously emits green light. Esterases occur in all domains of life and fulfill important tasks in energy metabolism and recycling of cellular components. In microbiology C2-esterase activity can be used to detect specific microorganisms such as Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Campylobacter jejuni and Candida albicans.</p>

<p>X-Gal is a chromogenic substrate for β-galactosidase, yielding a blue precipitate. X-Gal is an indicator for coliforms in culture media, as well as for the detection of coliforms (E. coli) in municipal water supplies and food products. X-Gal can be used in conjunction with the inducer IPTG, which binds and inhibits the lac repressor thus inducing β-galactosidase expression. X-Gal is the substrate of choice for blue-white selection of recombinant bacterial colonies with the lac+ genotype.<br>Upon hydrolysis, X-Gal yields a localized, insoluble, blue precipitate, making it exceptionally useful in blotting, immunocytochemical, and ELISA assays. 5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (X-beta-D-galactoside, X-Gal) is a chromogenic indicator for beta-galactosidase activity. The colorless product is cleaved by lactose-utilizing bacteria in liquid media or on agar plates and yields a blue-green colored precipitate.<br>X-Gal can also be used as a detecting agent for beta-galactosidase activity in reporter gene assays or for identification of positive transformants on agar plates when using the &amp;alpha;-complementation approach. Color formation is due to dimerization and oxidation of 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-hydroxyindole which results from enzymatic cleavage of X-Gal. The reaction proceeds only in the presence of oxygen, i.e. in aerobic cultures. Well detectable color bacterial colonies or liquid cultures is obtained within 16-48 h. In the presence of purified beta-galactosidase, color develops within minutes to a few hours.</p>

<p>AquaSpark™ β-D-galactoside is a dioxetane-based luminogenic substrate for β-galactosidase activity. β-galactosidase assays are frequently used in molecular biology as reporter gene assays. AquaSpark™beta-D-galactoside can be used to replace X-gal (Cymit Quimica Cat. No.B-7150) that is frequently used in genetically modified bacteria, in the yeast two-hybrid system, or in mouse models to indicate lacZ gene activity. Furthermore, native β-galactosidase activity can be used to detect coliform bacteria, which is important in microbial diagnostics and hygiene monitoring.</p>

<p>AquaSpark® Calibration Probe is a water-soluble dioxetane-based chemiluminescent probe. Deprotonation of the free phenol group of the calibration probe under mild basic conditions results in an emissive decomposition process. No addition of enhancer or sensitizing agent is required to produce the bright green light emission in aqueous solutions.<br>AquaSpark® Calibration Probe is used for:</p>

<p>5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl choline phosphate is a synthetic enzyme substrate for detecting phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C.</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrate for α-mannosidase yielding a salmon colored precipitate upon cleavage.</p>

<p>5-Bromo-6-chloro-3-indoxyl phosphate, disodium salt monohydrate is a substrate used to visualize phosphatase activity via showing magenta colored end product when used with Nitroblue Tetrazolium.</p>

AquaSpark is a high-quality chemiluminescent substrate for the detection of bacterial, yeast, and fungal cells. It is a fluorogenic substrate that is used in diagnostic applications such as bacterial identification. The product has been tested for quality and purity, and it is suitable for use in culture media, food testing, and enzyme substrates. AquaSpark can be used in conjunction with a wide range of ligands to produce chemiluminescence. AquaSpark has been shown to have a superior performance when compared with other fluorogenic substrates used in the detection of bacteria. AquaSpark® alpha-L-idopyranosiduronic acid is an organic compound that belongs to the group of sugars. This product was designed by Ramot at Tel-Aviv University Ltd., Israel Patent family WO 2017/130191. It can be used as an analytical reagent to detect organisms such as bacteria, yeast, and fungi

<p>Substrate for horseradish peroxidase (HRP). HRP catalyzes oxidation of 4-chloro-1-naphthol in the presence of peroxide to the blue insoluble product 4-chloro-1-naphthon. It is used for both blotting and immunohistochemical staining but is less sensitive than other precipitating HRP substrates.</p>

<p>This product is a chromogenic substrate that is used in the detection of alkaline phosphatase and other enzymes. It is also used in food testing, staining, and diagnostics. This product has high purity with a CAS number of 125328-84-9.</p>

<p>AquaSpark® beta-D-apiofuranoside is a chemiluminescent substrate that can be used in the detection of various proteins, such as immunoglobulins, enzymes and hormones. The detection of these proteins can be done by the use of AquaSpark® beta-D-apiofuranoside conjugated with antibodies or enzymes. AquaSpark® beta-D-apiofuranoside is a substrate for the luciferase enzyme and it produces light when activated by a luciferin. This product has been tested for purity, quality and activity in various culture media. The product is also free from any detectable impurities and has passed all environmental testing requirements.</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrate for carboxylesterase yielding a blue precipitate upon cleavage. It has been proposed for the rapid detection of Branhamella catarrhalis in a strip test because unlike most other members of the family Neisseriaceae, Branhamella catarrhalis produces a butyrateesterase.</p>

<p>Aldol® 355 fluorescence enhancer is an enhancer of fluorescence signals of the Aldol® fluorogenic substrates. Aldol® 355 fluorescence enhancer allows concentrations of fluorogenic Aldol® substrates in media to reduce up to 6 times. Aldol® 355 fluorescence enhancer can be combined with Aldol® substrates, releasing water-insoluble dyes upon enzymatic cleavage, such as Aldol® 470 range, Aldol® 495 range, Aldol® 518 range, and Aldol®515 range of fluorogenic enzyme substrates.</p>

<p>Aldol® 495 beta-D-glucuronic acid is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate used for detection of beta-glucuronidase activity. The living cells of Escherichia coli can be reliably detected in growth media containing Aldol® 495 beta-D-glucuronic acid, as beta-glucuronidase occurs almost exclusively in E. coli. Aldol® 495 beta-D-glucuronic acid can also be in GUS reporter assays. Aldol® 495 beta-D-glucuronic acid can be used in liquid culture and solid media, and is suitable for use under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Upon exposure to active beta-glucuronidase, Aldol® 495 beta-D-glucuronic acid develops orange colour and green fluorescence.</p>

<p>AquaSpark® H2S/-SH is a chemiluminescent probe for the detection of sulfides and thiols. The chemiluminescence obtained through sulfide is 3-5 fold higher than chemiluminescence obtained through thiols. AquaSpark® H2S/-SH probe was used in a study identifying antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains by detecting the beta-lactamase-driven hydrolysis of beta-lactam antibiotics, where hydrogen sulfide is a biodegradation metabolite (Popat Gholap et al, 2021).</p>

<p>AquaSpark® Broad Range Phosphatase Substrate is a chemiluminescent substrate for a variety of phosphatase enzymes including bacterial phosphatases and (calf intenstine) alkaline phosphatase (AP) commonly used in immuno-assays.</p>

<p>Aldol® 455 beta-D-galactopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate for the enzyme β-galactosidase. It is used to detect the activity of β-galactosidase in cell culture, and has been shown to be highly purified and of high quality. This product can be used as a ligand for receptor binding studies or as an agent in enzyme substrates in fluorescence and chemiluminescence reactions.</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about 3,4-Cyclohexenoesculetine-N-acetyl-glucosamine including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrate for phosphatase</p>

<p>Aldol® 470 L-alanine amide is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate used for detection of L-alanine aminopeptidase activity. The colorless enzyme substrate is cleaved by L-alanine aminopeptidase, yielding orange-yellow coloration. In addition, green fluorescence is generated when Aldol® 355 fluorescence enhancer or a suitable matrix is present. Aldol® 470 L-alanine amide can also be used in enzymatic assays or within live bacterial cultures. Aldol® 470 L-alanine amide is suitable for use in liquid and solid media, under aerobic as well as anaerobic conditions.</p>

<p>Aldol® 495 inositol-phosphate is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate used for detection of phosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase C activity (PI-PLC, EC 4.6.1.13). The colorless enzyme substrate is cleaved by PI-PLC or PI-PLC-positive microorganisms in liquid or solid media, yielding orange color. In addition, green fluorescence is generated when a suitable matrix is present, e.g. PE-Pellets or cellulose acetate filter. Aldol® 495 inositol-phosphate is suitable for use in liquid and solid media, under aerobic as well as anaerobic conditions.</p>

6-Chloro-3-indoxyl-beta-D-glucuronic acid (cyclohexylammonium salt) is a chromogenic substrate for beta-glucuronidase yielding a salmon colored precipitate upon cleavage.

<p>Chromogenic substrate for neuraminidase yielding a blue precipitate upon cleavage.</p>

Aldol® 518 beta-D-glucopyranoside is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate used for detection of beta-glucosidase activity. The colorless enzyme substrate is cleaved by beta-glucosidase-producing bacteria in liquid or solid media, yielding intense red color and red fluorescence. Aldol® 518 beta-D-glucopyranoside can be used under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

<p>5-Iodo-3-indoxyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate for beta-galactosidase.</p>

<p>L-Glutamic acid gamma-(4-nitroanilide) monohydrochloride is a fluorescent substrate for various enzymes. It is used in the detection of aminopeptidase and dipeptidase activity, as well as in the determination of ATPase activity. L-Glutamic acid gamma-(4-nitroanilide) monohydrochloride is also used in fluorogenic assays for the detection of phosphate, pyruvate, pyrophosphate and sulfite. This product has been tested by both enzyme and cell culture methods to ensure high purity and quality.<br>L-Glutamic acid gamma-(4-nitroanilide) monohydrochloride is not intended for use in diagnostics, food testing or bioluminescence reactions.</p>

<p>Glutaryl-glycyl-L-arginine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin hydrochloride is a chromogenic substrate that can be used in the detection of enzymes and other proteins. It is a fluorogenic substrate that can be used in chemiluminescence to detect and measure free radicals. Glutaryl-glycyl-L-arginine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin hydrochloride is stable at pH 7, and has a high purity with a CAS number of 103213-40-7. This product is suitable for use as an enzyme substrate or ligand, as well as for staining and diagnostics.</p>

<p>This Clips-O substrate 7-((4'-L-Alaninamido)-rac-3'-hydroxybutyloxy) coumarin allows the detection of single and dual enzymatic activity (L-alanine aminopetidase and oxidation of 4-amino-3-hydroxybutyloxy spacer either enzymatically or by exposure to sodium periodate) with a single substrate resulting in a fluorescent signal. The main virtues of Clips-O substrates are an increased stability towards non-enzymatic hydrolysis that results in a reduced background and high sensitivity.</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrate for β-D-glucosidase yielding a magenta precipitate. Differentiation of Salmonella spp. (negative) from other Enterobacteriaceae.</p>

<p>Histochemical substrate for alkaline phosphatase; Dark-blue color</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl-alpha-L-arabinofuranoside is a nucleic acid molecule that has an average diameter of 10 nm. It is used as a tracer in electron microscopy to detect the presence of nucleic acid molecules in cells. This compound is also used to study the interactions between DNA and RNA molecules by labeling the DNA strand with 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-L-arabinofuranoside, which contains an alpha-(2,4,6) arabinofuranosyl group. The recombinant expression of this compound can be carried out in corynebacterium glutamicum, and it has a bulk density that ranges from 1.7 to 2.1 g/cm3 and an average particle diameter ranging from 0.5 to 1 micron. It is not soluble in water or alcohol but is soluble in acetone or chloroform.</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrate for beta-D-galactosidase yielding a lapis colored precipitate. 5-Bromo-3-indoxyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside can be used in conjunction with isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside as an alternative to 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (X-gal), producing a darker blue color for detection of beta-galactosidase activity in bacterial colonies in a colorimetric assay to detect recombinants (white) from non-recombinants (blue). 5-Bromo-3-indoxyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside is also used in histochemistry to demonstrate beta-galactosidase activity in tissues.</p>

<p>A non-metabolizable allolactose analogue, widely used in molecular biology for overexpression of recombinant proteins from inducible systems under the control of lac promoter. IPTG binds to the LacI repressor and causes its release from the lac operator, allowing gene expression to take place. Present in vectors of pGEX, pGEM-T, pET, pRSET, pMAL class and others.</p>

<p>Chlorophenol red-b-D-galactopyranoside sodium salt is the salt from of CPRG (chlorophenol red-b-D-galactopyranoside), that has a higher solubility. It is a chromogenic substrate for beta-galactosidases that, after enzymatic cleavage, releases chlorophenol red, a dark red compound quantified by absorbance at 570 nm.</p>

<p>Chromogenic β-glucosaminidase substrate yielding a yellow solution upon cleavage, used particularly in yeasts and molds.</p>

<p>DMNPE-caged Luciferin is a photoactivatable probe that can easily penetrate the cell membrane, and by exposure to UV light it undergoes a photochemical decomposition liberating a Luciferin molecule. Once exposed to Luciferase enzyme expressed by the cells, Luciferin emits visible (and measurable) light. Using_x000D_this technique, imaging of luciferase activity was performed both in living cells and in mouse tumor xenograft, by intraperitoneal injection of the caged DMNPE luciferin (Chem. Commun., 2009, 0, 4028-4030).</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminide is a synthetic substrate that is used in enzyme kinetics. It is a beta-galactosidase substrate that reacts with the enzyme to form a product. The rate of reaction can be measured by following the change in absorbance over time. This product will react with an acceptor, such as chondroitin sulfate, to produce an observable reaction product. 4NPBGA has been shown to be an effective carbon source for plant physiology studies and has been shown to have optimal activity at pH 6.5.</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about 5-Nitro-3-indoxyl-β-D-galactopyranoside including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>A chromogenic and fluorogenic substrate, used for detection of esterase activity.</p>

<p>Chemiluminescence beta-galactosidase substrate</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrate for α-D-Fucosidase yielding a blue precipitate.</p>

<p>Fluorogenic substrate for α-L-arabinosidase yielding a blue fluorescent solution upon cleavage.</p>

<p>Chromogenic α-mannosidase substrate yielding a absorbent solution upon cleavage. Also used for studies of the crystal structure of the complexes of concanavalin A and binding studies with concanavalin A.</p>

<p>6-Fluoro-3-indoxyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside is a fluorescent chromogenic substrate that is commonly used for the detection and quantification of beta-galactosidase activity. When this substrate is hydrolyzed by beta-galactosidase, it produces a fluorescent blue product that can be easily detected and measured using a fluorometer or spectrophotometer. This substrate is often used in microbiology and molecular biology research to study gene expression and enzyme kinetics, and is also used in medical diagnostics as a marker for specific diseases and conditions.</p>

<p>3-Indoxyl phosphate, p-toluidine salt is a fluorogenic substrate that can be used for the detection of β-galactosidase. 3-Indoxyl phosphate, p-toluidine salt is a highly active chromogenic substrate that can be used as a diagnostic tool in the food industry to determine whether or not milk has been adulterated with animal milk. This product is also used in environmental testing to detect bacteria and fungi. 3-Indoxyl phosphate, p-toluidine salt is a high purity, high quality conjugate that can be used for the detection of β-galactosidase.</p>

<p>Aldol® 470 choline phosphate is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate used for detection of phosphatidyl-choline specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC, EC 3.1.4.3) activity. The colorless product is cleaved by PC-PLC positive microorganisms in liquid or solid media, yielding a yellow color and green fluorescence. Aldol® 470 choline phosphate therefore, enables the detection and identification of PC-PLC positive pathogenic bacteria, such as, Clostridium perfringens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Helicobacter pylori, Legionella pneumophila, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus anthracis, Listeria monocytogenes, and others. Aldol® 470 choline phosphate can be used under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrate for α-L-arabinofuranosidase yielding a yellow solution upon cleavage.</p>

<p>4MU-alpha-L-idopyranosiduronic acid is a fluorogenic substrate for alpha-L-iduronidase. Active alpha-L-iduronidase cleaves the MU moiety from the synthetic substrate, which results in release of a fluorescent signal (Ex 360 nm / Em 455 nm). The reaction is stopped by the addition of sodium carbonate. 4MU-alpha-L-idopyranosiduronic acid is used in alpha-L-iduronidase assays in the context of biochemical characterisation of samples from patients affected by lysosomal storage disease mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS I).</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about Resorufin-alpha-D-glucopyranoside including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about Trimethyl phosphonoacetate including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>L-Leucine-PAB-resorufin is a substrate for enzymes such as β-glucuronidase, α-glucosidase, and β-galactosidase. It is used in the diagnosis of bacterial infections and the detection of certain bacteria in urine and stool samples. L-Leucine-PAB-resorufin can be used to detect the presence of bacteria that produce β-galactosidase and/or β-glucuronidase by releasing resorufin from the substrate. This reaction produces a blue color in the presence of a fluorogenic substrate like fluorescein diacetate or fluorescein isothiocyanate. L-Leucine-PAB-resorufin is also used to detect bacteria that produce α-glucosidase by releasing fluorescamine from the substrate. This reaction produces a green color in the presence of a chrom</p>

<p>Use as a positive control when detecting nitroreductase activity</p>

<p>A substrate for beta-glucuronidase.</p>

<p>Substrate to study the nitroreductase activity in the pathogenic fungus Sporothrix schenckii, a thermal dimorphic pathogenic fungus causing a subcutaneous mycosis.</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrate for alkaline and acid phosphatase</p>

<p>3,3'-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) is an organic compound derived from benzidine. DAB is water-soluble as the tetrahydrochloride salt and is used in immunohistochemical staining of nucleic acids and proteins. Within research in Alzheimer's disease, Aβ protein amyloid plaques are targeted by a primary antibody, and subsequently by a secondary antibody, which is conjugated with a peroxidase enzyme. This will bind DAB as a substrate and oxidize it, producing an easily observable brown colour. 3,3’-Diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride hydrate is also available as the tetrahydrochloride salt and as the free base.</p>

<p>6'-(Diethylamino)spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthen]-3'-yl b-D-galactopyranoside is a chemiluminescent substrate for the detection of ATP. It reacts with the luciferase enzyme to produce light, which can be detected by a luminometer. 6'-(Diethylamino)spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthen]-3'-yl b-D-galactopyranoside is used in a variety of applications, including diagnostics, food testing, and environmental monitoring.</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl 2-acetamido-3-O-(beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-alpha-D-galactopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate for alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase. After enzymatic cleaveage, free 4-methylumbelliferone (also known as hymecromone) is released, exhibiting blue fluorescence upon excitation with UV light. The strongest fluorescence of 4-methylumbelliferone requires deprotonation of the hydroxyl group (thus requires alkaline pH), with a maximal fluorescence intensity obtained with excitation at 350 to 370 nm and emission at 440 to 470 nm. The use of 4-methylumbelliferyl 2-acetamido-3-O-(beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-alpha-D-galactopyranosideas a substrate for measuring the alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase activity is used for Fabry disease diagnosis and Schindler disease screening.</p>

<p>4-Fluoro-2-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactopyranoside, a fluorinated analog of ONPG, is a chromogenic enzyme substrate specifically used to detect beta-galactosidase in bacterial media. 4-Fluoro-2-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactopyranoside is used in Lactose intolerance screening, bacterial beta-galactosidase detection (E. coli)</p>

<p>5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl N-acetyl-a-D-neuraminic acid ammonium salt is a substrate used to detect and quantify sialidase activity. Sialidases are enzymes that cleave sialic acid residues from glycoconjugates, and their activity is important in various cellular processes. The substrate is commonly used in research aimed at understanding the role of sialidases in diseases such as influenza and cancer.</p>

<p>Benzyl [13C6] 2-acetamido-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-a-D-galactopyranoside is a synthetic monosaccharide with a galactose backbone. The glycosylation of this molecule is the result of enzymatic modification by a glycosylase enzyme that specifically recognizes and removes the terminal glucose residue. This glycosylation process is called click chemistry because it occurs in one step, forming a covalent bond between the sugar and an acetamido group on the benzyl moiety.</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrate for beta-galactosidase</p>

<p>Monohydrate; beta-glucuronidase substrate; yellow/pink color<br>Beta-glucuronidase activity can be measured in a colorimetric assay with phenolphthalein beta-D-glucuronide as substrate. Starting assay conditions can include 30 µg of enzyme-containing material, 0.6 mM phenolphthalein beta-D-glucuronide in 100 mM sodium phosphate buffer in a total volume of 100 µL and monitoring absorbance changes at 540 nm. Temperature incubation can be used to promote the enzymatic activity (Galindo, 2012).</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl pyrophosphate diester disodium salt is a fluorogenic substrate for pyrophosphatases or diphosphatases. After enzymatic cleaveage, free 4-methylumbelliferone (also known as hymecromone) is released, exhibiting blue fluorescence upon excitation with UV light. The strongest fluorescence of 4-methylumbelliferone requires deprotonation of the hydroxyl group (thus requires alkaline pH), with a maximal fluorescence intensity obtained with excitation at 350 to 370 nm and emission at 440 to 470 nm. The use of 4-methylumbelliferyl pyrophosphate diester disodium saltas a substrate for measuring the pyrophosphatases or diphosphatases activity is used for monitoring and diagnosis of pyrophosphatase deficiency and bone metabolism disorder.</p>

<p>Aldol® 470 nonanoate is a chemiluminescent substrate that can be used as a ligand for the detection of C8/C9-esterases, lipases activity, to result in an orange/green color. Aldol® 470 nonanoate has been shown to be active with horseradish peroxidase in a number of different assay systems. The purity and quality of Aldol® 470 nonanoate has been tested with culture media, environmental testing, bioluminescence, staining, fluorogenic substrate, chromogenic substrate, enzyme substrate, food testing and conjugates.</p>

<p>A fluorogenic MOSCERDAM® substrate targeting cellulases</p>

<p>6,8-Difluoro-4-methylumbelliferyl 2-acetamido-3-O-(b-D-galactopyranosyl)-a-D-galactopyranoside is a chemiluminescent substrate that reacts with oxygen in the presence of luciferase to produce light. This product is an excellent replacement for luminol, especially in applications where aqueous solvents are not suitable. 6,8-Difluoro-4-methylumbelliferyl 2-acetamido-3-O-(b-D-galactopyranosyl)-a-D-galactopyranoside has been extensively tested and shown to be nonhazardous in a variety of different culture media. It is also nonhazardous to the environment, as it can be easily degraded by microorganisms.</p>

<p>Aldol® 470 beta-D-galactopyranoside is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate used for detection of beta-galactosidase activity. The colorless enzyme substrate is cleaved by lactose-utilizing bacteria grown in liquid or solid media, yielding yellow coloration and green fluorescence. Aldol® 470 beta-D-galactopyranoside can also be used in beta-galactosidase gene reporter assays or immunoassay applications (ELISA). Aldol® 470 beta-D-galactopyranoside can be used under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.</p>

<p>2,4-Dinitrophenyl 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-β-D-glucopyranoside, sometimes referred as 2F-DNPG, is an enzyme substrate for measuring beta-glucosidase activity. It is a mechanism-based inactivator of glycosidases, including beta-glucocerebrosidase (Gcase), a lysosomal enzyme encoded by the GBA1 gene responsible for breaking down glucosylceramide into ceramide and glucose. The use of 2,4-dinitrophenyl 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-β-D-glucopyranoside as an enzyme substrate permits the study of the catalytic mechanism and reaction intermediate of these enzymes.</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenyl 6-O-(alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate for beta-glucosidase. Upon hydrolysis, para-nitrophenol is released yielding a yellowish colour. 4-Nitrophenyl 6-O-(alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside is used in different applications such as the Cellulose metabolism research, biofuel production</p>

<p>Fluorogenic substrate for beta-galactosidase</p>

<p>5-Bromo-4-Chloro-3-Indolyl b-D-Mannopyranoside, also known as X-Man, is an enzyme substrate commonly used for detecting mannosidase enzymes. Upon hydrolysis by the enzyme, it produces a blue-green colored compound that can be detected visually or measured spectrophotometrically. This substrate is useful in characterizing the activity of mannosidases involved in glycoprotein processing and quality control.</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranoside-4-sulfate sodium salt is a fluorogenic substrate for N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase. After enzymatic cleaveage, free 4-methylumbelliferone (also known as hymecromone) is released, exhibiting blue fluorescence upon excitation with UV light. The strongest fluorescence of 4-methylumbelliferone requires deprotonation of the hydroxyl group (thus requires alkaline pH), with a maximal fluorescence intensity obtained with excitation at 350 to 370 nm and emission at 440 to 470 nm. The use of 4-methylumbelliferyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranoside-4-sulfate sodium saltas a substrate for measuring the N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase activity is used for diagnosis of Mucopolysaccharidosis VI (MPS VI) (a rare lysosomal storage disorder) and Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome screening.</p>

<p>5-Bromo-3-indolyl phosphate disodium salt is a chemiluminescent substrate that is used for the detection of bacterial activity. It reacts with oxygen to produce light, which can be measured using a luminometer. It is also used as a chromogenic substrate for detection of bacterial activity in culture media. The enzyme reaction produces an intense blue fluorescence and is used for diagnostic purposes in food testing and medical diagnostics. 5-Bromo-3-indolyl phosphate disodium salt has been shown to be effective against many bacteria and fungi, including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. This product is chemically stable at room temperature but should be stored at 4°C or below.</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-GlcNAc-6-phosphocholine is a fluorogenic substrate for phosphodiesterase. After enzymatic cleaveage, free 4-methylumbelliferone (also known as hymecromone) is released, exhibiting blue fluorescence upon excitation with UV light. The strongest fluorescence of 4-methylumbelliferone requires deprotonation of the hydroxyl group (thus requires alkaline pH), with a maximal fluorescence intensity obtained with excitation at 350 to 370 nm and emission at 440 to 470 nm. The use of 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-GlcNAc-6-phosphocholineas a substrate for measuring the phosphodiesterase activity is used for Niemann-Pick disease diagnostic assays. It is also used for sphingomyelin metabolism disorder screening.</p>

<p>Fluorescein mono-b-D-galactopyranoside or FMG is a fluorogenic substrate for beta-galactosidase. The fluorophore fluorescein is released after enzymatic cleavage, exhibiting a greenish fluorescent. This substrate is particularly valuable in gene expression studies (e.g., lacZ reporter assays) and as a probe for cell-based assays for real-time monitoring.</p>

<p>A non-metabolizable allolactose analogue, widely used in molecular biology for overexpression of recombinant proteins from inducible systems under the control of lac promoter. IPTG binds to the LacI repressor and causes its release from the lac operator, allowing gene expression to take place. Present in vectors of pGEX, pGEM-T, pET, pRSET, pMAL class and others.</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenyl 2-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate for beta-glucosidase. Upon hydrolysis, para-nitrophenol is released yielding a yellowish colour. 4-Nitrophenyl 2-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside is used in different applications such as the Cellulose degradation studies, biofuel research</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside 6-sulfate sodium salt is a fluorogenic substrate for sulfatase. After enzymatic cleaveage, free 4-methylumbelliferone (also known as hymecromone) is released, exhibiting blue fluorescence upon excitation with UV light. The strongest fluorescence of 4-methylumbelliferone requires deprotonation of the hydroxyl group (thus requires alkaline pH), with a maximal fluorescence intensity obtained with excitation at 350 to 370 nm and emission at 440 to 470 nm. The use of 4-methylumbelliferyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside 6-sulfate sodium saltas a substrate for measuring the sulfatase activity is used for Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) screening and other lysosomal storage disorder diagnosis.</p>

<p>Resorufin b-D-glucuronide sodium salt is used as a fluorogenic substrate for beta-glucuronidase (GUS) to study drug metabolism.</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenyl 4,6-benzylidene-alpha-D-glucopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate for alpha-glucosidase. Upon hydrolysis, para-nitrophenol is released yielding a yellowish colour. 4-Nitrophenyl 4,6-benzylidene-alpha-D-glucopyranoside is used in different applications such as the Pompe disease diagnosis, glycogen metabolism research</p>

<p>a-Naphthyl phosphate disodium salt hydrate is a highly water-soluble chromogenic substrate used to determine phosphatase activity in research and analytical applications, particularly for staining and differentiating acid and alkaline phosphatases.</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenyl 6-O-(alpha-D-mannopyranosyl)-alpha-D-mannopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate for alpha-mannosidase. Upon hydrolysis, para-nitrophenol is released yielding a yellowish colour. 4-Nitrophenyl 6-O-(alpha-D-mannopyranosyl)-alpha-D-mannopyranoside is used in different applications such as the Lysosomal storage disorder diagnosis (e.g., alpha-mannosidosis)</p>