Enzyme Modulators

Pomalidomide is an immunomodulatory agent that inhibits transcriptional regulation by interacting with the pomalidomide-binding protein, which prevents its interaction with RNA polymerase II and thereby prevents DNA transcription. The study with U266 cells demonstrated that pomalidomide targets CRBN, part of an E3 ligase complex, and inhibits its autoubiquinitation and supresses a critical gene (IRF4, interferon regulatory factor 4) for myeloma cell growth with concentrations up to 10 μM.In vitro assays have shown that pomalidomide has inhibitory effects on cell signaling pathways, such as the NF-κB pathway. Pomalidomide also decreases the production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNFα and IL-1β, by inhibiting their synthesis or their release from activated monocytes. Recently, the promoting effect of pomalidomide, as its analog lenalidomide, on erythropoiesis (production of red blood cells) has been investigated, demonstrating positive results for its use as a potential new therapy agent for β-hemoglobinopathies.

Linagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor drug that is used to manage hyperglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. This drug works by inhibiting the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and allows for the breakdown of GLP-1 and glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide. As a result of this, breakdown of glycogen is reduced and release of insulin is increased. Linagliptin is part of our Bio-X ™ Range. These products are aimed at life science researchers who need high quality ready-to-use products for assay development, screening or other R&D work. With a solubility datasheet and convenient vials, all of our Bio-X ™ products are in stock across our global warehouses for rapid delivery and ease of use.

Potent and irreversible inhibitor of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PtdIns-3-kinase) with IC50 of 0.1 nM. PX 866 inhibited cell motility and growth of 3D spheroids of glioblastoma, breast, prostate and colon cancer cell lines at low nanomolar concentrations. PX 866 also exhibited anti-tumoral activity in vivo in xenograft models for ovarian and lung cancer.

Amlexanox is an antiallergic and anti-inflammatory drug that has been shown to be effective in treating rhinitis and allergic asthma in clinical studies. It prevents the slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) from being released chemically as a mediator and may have antagonistic effects on interleukin-3.

Competitive inhibitor of ceramide-glycosyltransferase used for substrate reduction therapy in lysosomal storage disorders. It inhibits glucosylceramide synthase, which catalyses the initial step in glycosphingolipid biosynthetic pathway. This compound delays the onset of symptoms in type 1 Gaucher disease, Sandhoff disease and Tay-Sachs disease. It also reduces brain abnormalities in mucolipidosis type IV.

Masitinib is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of c-Kit, PDGFR and FGFR3 tyrosine. It is an antineoplastic which has been studied for applications in a range of human diseases including Alzheimers and cancer and is currently used to treat mast cell tumours in animals. As part of a screening study, Masitinib was shown to be highly effective in blocking SARs-CoV-2 replication.

Epalrestat is a carboxylic acid derivative that is used for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy. This drug is an aldose reductase inhibitor and aims to reduce the accumulation of intracellular sorbitol. Studies in rats have shown this drug to improve morphological abnormalities of nerves.

Teniposide is a cytotoxic drug that is used in the treatment of refractory childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. It has antitumour activity. It is a type II topoisomerase inhibitor. This drug inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA.

Brain-penetrant inhibitor of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and proto-oncogene kinase ROS1. It is a reversible ATP-competitor, interacting with P-loop (L1122, G1123, V1130) and K1150 residue of ALK tyrosine kinase. It has major implications in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The compound is used for resensitization of drug resistant, ALK-mutated cancers to crizotinib chemotherapy and was shown to trigger the regression of EML40ALK-driven brain metastases.

Inhibitor of ALK1, ALK2, ALK3 and ALK6 kinases and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway. LDN 1931189 is a dorsomorphin derivative that inhibits BMP-mediated activation of Smad, Akt and p38 signalling. LDN 193189 promotes differentiation of human pluripotent cells into PAX6+ anterior neural ectoderm. In combination with basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2), LDN 193189 promotes differentiation of mouse pluripotent stem cells into inner ear sensory epithelium.

Enalapril is a long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is used to treat hypertension and congestive heart failure, as well as chronic cough due to postnasal drip or bronchitis. Enalapril is an active inhibitor of the synthesis of angiotensin II and other vasoconstrictor substances that are involved in the regulation of blood pressure. It binds reversibly to the active site on angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and blocks its activity by forming strong hydrogen bonds with residues on ACE, thereby preventing it from converting angiotensin I into angiotensin II. This leads to a significant reduction in blood pressure.

Inhibits MET, VEGFR1, VEGFR2; VEGFR3 receptor tyrosine kinases; antineoplastic

Autophagy activator that acts through targeting the ATP6V1A subunit of vATPase

Inhibitor of PDE4 enzyme

Fasudil hydrochloride is a Rho-kinase inhibitor, which is a synthetic compound derived from natural sources, primarily used in scientific research. The mode of action of Fasudil hydrochloride involves the inhibition of Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK), a crucial player in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. By inhibiting ROCK, Fasudil alters various cellular functions, including contraction, motility, proliferation, and apoptosis.

Nicotinamide is a form of vitamin B that is found in food and it used to treat many conditions such as pellagra and acne. It replenishes cellular energy and has anti-inflammatory effects. Nicotinamide is an inhibitor of the enzyme SIRT1 in vitro but can be a stimulator in cells.

Gastric proton pump inhibitor