Carboidrati e Glicoconiugati

<p>Plerixafor (AMD-3329), a chemokine receptor antagonist, blocks the binding of stromal cell-derived factor (SDF-1alpha) to the cellular receptor CXCR4.</p>

<p>BAY-876 is a selective and orally GLUT1 inhibitor. BAY-876 inhibits glycolytic metabolism and exhibits antitumor activity. Cost-effective and quality-assured.</p>

<p>Tribenoside (BG-356) is a vasoprotectant with mild anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and wound healing properties.</p>

<p>Natural sweetener, 300x sweeter than sucrose, affects p-aminohippurate transport.</p>

<p>Eliglustat (Genz 99067) is an oral inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthase which is used in the therapy of type 1 Gaucher disease.</p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 4-Methylumbelliferyl ?-L-Idopyranosiduronic Acid 2-Sulfate Disodium Salt is a fluorogenic substrate in the assay of ?-L-Iduronidase. A fluorimetric enzyme assay for the diagnosis of MPS II (Hunter disease).<br>References Matalon, R., et al.: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 47, 959 (1972), Voznyi, Y.V., et al.: J. Inherit. Metab. Dis., 24, 675 (2001)<br></p>

<p>Applications Biotin Sulfone, is derivative of Biotin (B389040), which is a growth factor present in minute amounts in every living cell, and plays an indispensable role in numerous naturally occurring carboxylation reactions.<br>References du Vigneaud, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 146, 475 (1942), Traub, et al.: Nature, 178, 649 (1956), Siegel, H., et al.: Experienta, 37, 789 (1981), Vesely, D.L., Science, 216, 1329 (1982), Hugues, M., et al.: Biochemistry, 31, 12 (1992),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Biotin EP Impurity A<br>Applications D-Biotin Dimer Acid (Biotin EP Impurity A) is an impurity of D-Biotin that can be used in the synthesis of D-Biotin.<br>References Hanka, L.J., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 1, 135 (1972), Corey, E.J., et al.: Tetrahedon Lett., 29, 57 (1988),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Rebaudioside C is a steviol glycoside used as a nutritive sweetener and may be used as a replacement for sugar in foods and beverages. Useful in the treatment of blood glucose sensitive diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and obesity.<br>References Jooken, E. et al.: J. Agr. Food Chem., 60, 10606 (2012); Hellfritsch, C. et al.: J. Agr. Food. Chem., 60, 6782 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications An inhibitor of lysozyme, reverses myocardial depression and lessens norepinephrine requirements in Escherichia coli sepsis in dogs.<br>References Lefer, A., et al.: Am. J. Physiol., 213, 492 ( 1967), Parrillo, J., et al.: J. Clin. Invest., 76, 1539 (1985), Mink, S., et al.: J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol ., 35, 265 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Applications D-Gluconic Acid is used as a reagent in the synthesis of Pangamic Acid (P179500, Ca Salt); a mineral supplement that is sometimes referred to as Vitamin B15 although it is not a true vitamin.<br>References Mansurova, I.D. et al.: Eks. Patol. Pech., 1, 58 (1973); Apanasenko, A.A.: Cor Vasa, 15, 20 (1973); Alkhanova, N.A.: Nauch. Tru. Kaz. Gosud. Med. Inst., 41, 83 (1974)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications L-Arabinitol is the stereoisomer of D-Arabinitol (A735600), both used as diagnostic tools for the detection of fungal infections in neutropenic patients.<br>References Salonen, J.H., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 20, 179 (2001); Sigmundsdottir, G. et al.: J. Clin. Microbiol., 38, 3039 (2000);<br></p>

<p>Sunset Yellow FCF (Sunset yellow) is an orange azo dye with pH-dependent absorbance.Sunset Yellow FCF is used in food, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.It is used</p>

<p>Applications 1,3-Diethyl ester 2-[3-[(3aS,4S,6aR)-hexahydro-2-oxo-1,3-bis(phenylmethyl)-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl]propyl] Propanedioic acid is an impurity of Biotin (B389040) which is a growth factor present in minute amounts in every living cell.<br>References du Vigneaud, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 146, 475 (1942), Traub, et al.: Nature, 178, 649 (1956), Siegel, H., et al.: Experienta, 37, 789 (1981), Vesely, D.L., Science, 216, 1329 (1982), Hugues, M., et al.: Biochemistry, 31, 12 (1992),<br></p>

<p>Applications D-Mannitol is widespread in plants and plant exudates; obtained from manna and seaweeds. D-Mannitol is used in the food industry as anticaking and free-flow agent, flavoring agent, lubricant and release agent, stabilizer and thickener and nutritive sweetener.<br>References Pigman, W., et al.: The Carbohydrates, 249 (1957), Makkee, M., et al.: Chem. Commun., 930 (1980),<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Butyldeoxynojirimycin Hydrochloride-d9 is labelled N-Butyldeoxynojirimycin Hydrochloride (B691000) which is an inhibitor of a-glucosidase 1 as well as being an inhibitor of HIV cytopathicity.<br>References Hettkamp, H., et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 142, 85 (1984), Szumilo, T., et al.: Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 247, 261 (1986), Fleet, G.W.J., et al.: FEBS Letters, 237, Number 1,2, 128 (1988), Kolter, T., et al.: Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 36, 1955 (1997),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications cis-Ambroxol Hydrochloride is a cis isomer of Ambroxol Hydrochloride (A575900 ), a metabolite of Bromohexine. Ambroxol Hydrochloride is a bronchosecretolytic drug.<br>References Jauch, R., et al.: Arzneim-Forsch., 13, 474 (1963)<br></p>

<p>Stability Very Hygrocsopic<br>Applications A labile hydrolysis product of the antitumor nuceloside 5-Azacytidine (A796000).<br>References Beisler, J. A. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 21, 204 (1978); Chan, K.K. et al.: J. Pharmac. Sci., 68, 807 (1979);<br></p>

<p>Applications Citric Acid 1,2-Diethyl Ester is an ethyl citrate found in lemon juice.<br>References Neurath, G. et al.: Zeitsch. Lebens.-Untersuch. Forsch., 136, 284 (1968);<br></p>

<p>Applications D-Glucono-1,4-lactone was a metabolite studied in mice tissue with induced chronic stress.<br>References Hamiliton, P. J., et al.: Sci. Rep., 10, 18134 (2020)<br></p>

<p>Applications p-Nitrophenyl 2-Azido-2-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside (cas# 210418-04-5) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Impurity Erdosteine Impurity RV 142<br>Applications An intermediate in the synthesis of Erdosteine (E596050).Erdosteine is a mucolytic agent used for the treatment of chronic obstructive bronchitis.<br>References Gobetti, M., et al.: Farmaco, Edizione Scientifica, 41, 69 (1986),<br></p>

<p>Applications D-Maltotriose is a trisaccharide resulting from the digestion of Amalose by α-Amalase.<br>References Carvalho, G., et al.: App. Biochem. Biotechnol., 155, 356 (2009), Huuskonen, A., et al.: App. Environ. Microbiol., 76, 1563 (2010), Chang, S., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 2908 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications Protected Guaifenesin.<br>References Petrow, V., et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 12, 37 (1960),<br></p>

<p>Applications D-Psicose is a C3 epimer of L-Fructose, which maintains the ability to reduce fat accumulation when added to a diet through inhibition of intestinal α-glucosidase.<br>References Matsuo, T. et al.: J. Clin. Biochem. Nutri., 45, 202 (2009); Matsuo, T. et al.: J. Clin. Biochem. Nutri., 30, 55 (2001);<br></p>

<p>Applications Valiolamine is a aminocyclitol that exhibits potent alpha-D-glucosidase inhibitory activity against porcine intestinal sucrase, maltase and isomaltase.<br>References Kameda, Y., et al.: J. Antibiot., 11, 1301 (1984); Horii, S., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 29, 1038 (1986);<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-(2-Methoxyphenoxy) Lactic Acid is a metabolite of the Guaifenesin (G810500), a centrally acting muscle relaxant with expectorant properties.<br>References D.G. Workmann et. al. Curr. Ther. Res. 41 1751 (1980).<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Plerixafor is a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) mobilizer that inhibits the CXCR4 chemokine receptor and blocks binding of its ligand, stromal cell-derived factor-1-α (SDF-1-α). This agent was approved on Dec. 15, 2008, as treatment in combination with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) to mobilize HSCs to the peripheral blood for collection and subsequent autologous transplantation in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and multiple myeloma (MM). Selective CXCR4 antagonist.<br>References Xie, T., et al.: Science, 290, 328 (2000), Leone, D., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 305, 1150 (2003), Chigaev, A., et al.: J. Immunol. 178, 6828 (2007), Kiel, M., et al.: Cell Stem Cell, 1, 204 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications Protected Citric Acid (C521000). Used in the preparation of siderophore derivatives.<br>References Fadeev, E. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 15, 3771 (2005); Guo, H. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 45, 2056 (2002)<br></p>

<p>Applications A low-calorie artificial sweetener<br>References Agresti, C., et al.: Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 70, 226 (2008), Kidd, M., et al.: Am. J. Physiol., 295, G260 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications rac FTY720 is a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modular, ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by inhibition of T cell infiltration.<br>References Igarashi, J., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 275, 32363 (2000), Bandhuvula, P., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 280, 33697 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Monoglycerides fatty acid esters are useful for improvement of texture and flavor of beverages. 93% 1-Oleoyl, 7% 2-oleoyl.<br>References Lee, T.-H., et al.: J. Nat. Prod., 72, 1960 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Bromhexine EP Impurity E Chloride<br>Applications 3-Cyclohexyl-6,8-dibromo-3-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolinium Chloride is an impurity of Bromhexine Hydrochloride (B678600). Bromhexine Hydrochloride impurity E Chloride. Bromhexine is an expectorant; mucolytic.<br>References Goicoechea, H., et al.: Talanta, 49, 793 (1999), Ribone, M., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 23, 591 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Applications Dermatan Sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan molecule used in the synthesis of tissue engineering. Used in the synthesis of artificial cartilage as an applicable biomaterial.<br>References Chen, Y. et al.: Biomat., 28, 2294 (2007); Hirano, S. et al.: J. Biomed. Mat. Res., 56, 556 (2001);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications α-Glycosidase inhibitor.<br>References Jefferies, I., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 7, 1171 (1997), Hassan, A., et al.: Carbohydr. Res., 339, 1565 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications p-Nitrophenyl 2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(β-D-galactopyranosyl)-β-_x000D_D-glucopyranoside (cas# 57467-13-7) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Impurity Biotin EP Impurity D<br>Applications Biotin (B389040) impurity. Biotin EP Impurity D.<br>References Trotter, J., et al.: Biochemistry, 5, 713 (1966), Suurkuusk, J., et al.: Eur. J.Biochem., 28, 438 (1972),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Sucrose Heptasulfate Potassium Salt is used as a reference standard for the drug Sucralfate.<br></p>

<p>Applications Cytidine 5’-Phosphate Methyl Ester Sodium Salt is an byproduct formed in the synthesis of analogs of Cytidine 5’-Diphosphate with an important role in the metabolism of phospholipids.<br>References Trotter, P., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 270, 6062 (1995), Janssen, M., et al.: Yeast, 16, 641 (2000), Henneberry, A., et al.: Mol. Biol. Cell, 12, 511 (2001), Boumann, H., et al.: Biochemistry, 42, 3054 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Acarbose EP Impurity A<br>Applications Acarbose D-Fructose (Acarbose EP Impurity A) is an impurity of Acarbose (A123500) (1,2,3,4). Acarbose impurity A.<br>References (1) Kim, I., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 267, 22108 (1992) (2) Tonozuka, T., et al.: Carbohydr. Res., 261, 157 (1994) (3) Brzozowski, A., et al.: Biochemistry, 36, 10837 (1997) (4) Cha, H., et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 253, 251 (1998)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Used as a reference standard for the drug Sucralfate.<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Isomalt is a sugar alcohol and artificial sweetener.<br>References Martinez-Cervera, S. et al.: Food Hydro., 35, 1 (2014); Ilic, I. et al.: Int. J. Pharm., 446, 6 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Ambroxol EP Impurity B Hydrochloride<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Ambroxol Cyclic Impurity is a metabolite as well as an impurity of the bronchosecretolytic drug, Ambroxol (A575900).<br>References Hammer, R. et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 28, 899 (1978); Nieder, M. et al.: HRC &amp; CC, 9, 561 (1986); Huq, F. et al.: J. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 3, 147 (2008);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Maltopentaose is a maltooligosaccharide that is used for research and diagnostic purposes. They can also be used in nutrients and healthcare.<br>References Ezure, Y. et al.: Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 61, 1931 (1997); Hatonen, K. et al.: Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 96, 44 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications Citric Acid Monohydrate is a useful buffer component for antigen and epitope unmasking.<br></p>

<p>Applications Fructosazine is used in the treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.<br>References Yamaguchi, T., et al.: Biol. Pharm. Bull., 21, 205 (1998), Fenton, J., et al.: Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 8, 444 (2000), Shimamura, T., et al.: J. Agric. Food. Chem., 48, 1204 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Applications Useful for the synthesis of Biocytin containing peptides to study the mechanism of reactions catalyzed by biotin - containing enzymes.<br>References Bodanszky, M., and Fagan, D.T.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 99, 235 (1977)<br></p>

<p>Applications Thiophanium is an impurity of Biotin (B389040) which is a growth factor present in minute amounts in every living cell.<br>References du Vigneaud, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 146, 475 (1942), Traub, et al.: Nature, 178, 649 (1956), Siegel, H., et al.: Experienta, 37, 789 (1981), Vesely, D.L., Science, 216, 1329 (1982), Hugues, M., et al.: Biochemistry, 31, 12 (1992),<br></p>

<p>Applications Citric Acid-13C6 is an isotope labelled compound of citric acid (C521000). Citric acid is mainly used as an acidifier, flavoring agent and chelating agent. Citric acid is also a metabolite of Dimethyl Fumarate (D464965), a compound used as a treatment for the relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis and psoriasis.<br>References Dawson, R.M., et al.: Data for Biochem. Rsch., (1959); Gruber, C. M., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 94, 65 (1948); Lofty, W.A., et al.: Bioresource. Tech., 98, 3470 (2007); Schimrigk, S., et al.: Eur. J. Neurol., 13, 604 (2006)<br></p>

<p>Applications A monosaccharide (hexose) that can be used as a low-calorie sweetener, as an intermediate for synthesis of other optically active compounds, and as an additive in detergent, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical formulation.<br>References Oh, D. et al.: Appl. Microbiol. Biotech., 76, 76, 1 (2007); Lu, Y. et al.: Int. J. Cosm. Sci., 24, 225 (2002); Donner, T.W. et al.: Diab. Obes. Metab., 1, 285 (1999);<br></p>

<p>Applications (-)-Biotin Sulfoxide, is a metabolite of Biotin (B389040), which is a growth factor present in minute amounts in every living cell, and plays an indispensable role in numerous naturally occurring carboxylation reactions.<br>References du Vigneaud, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 146, 475 (1942), Traub, et al.: Nature, 178, 649 (1956), Siegel, H., et al.: Experienta, 37, 789 (1981), Vesely, D.L., Science, 216, 1329 (1982), Hugues, M., et al.: Biochemistry, 31, 12 (1992),<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled metabolite of Bromohexine. Ambroxol Hydrochloride is a bronchosecretolytic drug.<br>References Jauch, R., et al.: Arzneim-Forsch., 13, 474 (1963)<br></p>

<p>Applications An impurity found in fingolimod (F805000).<br></p>

<p>Applications L-Fucose was isolated from seaweed.<br>References Clark, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 54, 65 (1922),<br></p>

<p>Applications Cyanidin 3-O-Rutinoside retards absorption of carbohydrates by inhibition of α-glucosidase which may be useful as a potential inhibitor for prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus.<br>References Raptis, S., et al.: Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2001, 109, S265,,Ceriello, A; Diabetes 2005, 54, 1,,Chiasson, J; Endocr Pract 2006, 12, 25,,,Misra, A; J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008, 93, S9<br></p>

<p>Applications Streptidine, is a metabolite derivative of Streptomycin (S687500), an antibiotic (antimycobacterial) drug, used for patients suffering from tuberculosis or other infectious diseases.<br>References Granados, O., et al.: Histology and Histopathology, 20(2), 357 (2005);<br></p>

<p>Applications Biotin is a growth factor present in minute amounts in every living cell. Plays an indispensable role in numerous naturally occurring carboxylation reactions. Occurs mainly bound to proteins or polypeptides. The richest sources are liver, kidney, pancreas, yeast, and milk. The biotin content of cancerous tumors is higher than that of normal tissue.<br>References du Vigneaud, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 146, 475 (1942); Traub, et al.: Nature, 178, 649 (1956); Siegel, H., et al.: Experienta, 37, 789 (1981); Vesely, D.L., Science, 216, 1329 (1982); Hugues, M., et al.: Biochemistry, 31, 12 (1992);<br></p>

<p>Applications Impurity of β-cyclodextrin (C987830), a cyclic oligosaccharide produced from starch via enzymatic conversion.<br>References Johnson, M.D., et al.: J. Pharma. Sci., 83, 1142 (1994); Jain, A.C., et al.: Int. J. Pharma., 212, 177 (2001);<br></p>

<p>Applications Xylitol, is a lower-calorie alternative to table sugar. Studies have shown xylitol chewing gum can help prevent acute otitis media. Xylitol is categorized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as a food additive.<br>References Code of Federal Regulations Title 21, US., FDA (2012); Azarparzhooh, A., et al.,: Cochrane data. Sys. Revi. (online) (11), (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications Tetragalacturonic Acid, is the product of polygalacturonic acid degradation. The mixture of Oligogalacturonic Acids has shown to have shoot growth in cockscomb (Celosia argentea L.) seedlings.<br>References Suzuki, T., et al.: J. Plant Growth Reg., 21, 209 (2003);<br></p>

<p>Stability Air Sensitive, Hygroscopic<br>Applications The active metabolite of Erdosteine (E596050).<br>References Dechant, K., et al.: Drugs, 52, 875 (1996), Braga, P., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 49, 344 (1999), Braga, P., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 43, 1013 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Applications Sucralose-d6 is a useful isotopically labelled analog of sucralose with an isotopic purity of greater than 98% with no D0.<br></p>

<p>Applications Propyl β-D-Glucuronide is a glucuronide of a short-chained aliphatic alcohol formed via glucuronidation in human liver microsomes in vitro.<br>References Jurowich, S. et al.: Alcohol, 32, 187 (2004);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Diosmin EP Impurity E<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Linarine (Diosmin EP Impurity E) is a naturally occurring flavone glycoside that was identified to possess potential sedative and anticonvulsant properties.<br>References Nugroho, A., et al.: Arch. Pharma. Res., 36, 51 (2013); Jung, H.A., et al.: Arch. Pharma. Res., 35, 1021 (2012); Shen, H.J., et al.: J. Med. Plants. Res., 5, 6555 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications trans-4-Aminocyclohexanol, used in the preparation of potential hypertensive agents and other biologically active compounds.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Chan, K.L. et al.: As. J. Pharmacol. Sci., 1, 91 (1979);<br></p>

<p>Applications 6,6'-Iminobis[N,N,N-trimethyl-1-hexanaminium is an impurity of the pharmaceutical Welchol (Colesevelam).<br>References Schoftner, R., et al.: J. Chromatogr., 920, 333 (2001),<br></p>