Glicociência

Applications A ß-Galactosidase inducer used also as an inducer for the activity of E. Coli lac operon.
References Cho, S. et al.: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm., 128, 1268 (1985), Sheffield, W.P., et al.: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm., 134, 21 (1986), Le Grice, S.F., et al.: Gene, 55, 95 (1987)

Applications 1,6-Anhydro-β-D-glucopyranose is a carbohydrate contains in liquid smoke flavorings.
References Kim, K., et al.: Agric. Biol. Chem., 38, 53 (1974), Guillen, M., et al.: Food Chem., 58, 97 (1997), Guillen, M., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 46, 1276 (1998),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications γ-Cyclodextrin is used as nanomolecular encapsulation for drug delivery and pharmaceuticals. Used in the synthesis of unilamellar vesicles.
References Ikeda, A. et al.: Chem. Comm., 50, 1288 (2014); Gudmundsdottir, B. et al.: J. Ocular Pharm. Ther., 30, 35 (2014);

Applications Diglycerol was used in cosmetic deodorants. It is also a component in thickening and gelatation agents.
References Wolf, F., et al.: Eur. Pat. Appl. (1996), EP 691125 A1 19960110.; Yamada, M., et al.: Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho (1980), JP 55025430 A 19800223.

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Guar gum is a polymeric polysaccharide and a diety fiber, shown to decrease blood cholesterol levels. It is also used in the preparation of polysaccharide hydrogels for modified drug release formulations.
References Brown, L.; et al.: Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 69, 30 (1999); Coviello, T.; et al.: J. Controlled Release, 119, 5 (2007).

Applications 2-Acetamido-4-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-1,6-di-O-N-acetyl-α-D-muramic Acid (cas# 475502-13-7) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.

Applications 2-Deoxy-D-ribose induces apoptosis by inhibiting the synthesis and increasing the efflux of glutathione.
References Fico, A., et al.: Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 45, 211 (2008),

Applications Fucoidan is a polysaccharide composed predominantly of sulfated fucose.

Applications Sucrose Monocaprate is a potentially useful biochemical also known as sucrose monodecanoate.

Applications Dextrin (cas# 9004-53-9) is a versatile polymer used in a variety of applications such as in the preparation of probiotic beer and polymer solar cells.
References Senkarcinova, B.; et al.: LWT, 100, 362 (2019); Lin, P.; et al.: ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 6, 14621 (2018).

Applications Xylobiose is a disaccharide that can reduce the blood sugar and blood fat and inhibit the fat accumulation of diet-induced obese rats.
References Chen, H., et al.: Shipin Kexue, 35, 255 (2014)

Applications L-Ribulose is a rare sugar produced mainly from the abundant L-arabinose via enzymatic conversion.
References Liu, X. et al.: J. Agri. Food Chem., 67, 4868 (2019);

Applications Maltotetraose is a maltooligosaccharide that is used for research and diagnostic purposes. They can also be used in nutrients and healthcare.
References Ezure, Y. et al.: Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 61, 1931 (1997); Hatonen, K. et al.: Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 96, 44 (2012);

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Sugar composition of sake.
References Giri, N.Y., et al.: Arch. Biochem. Biophysics, 145, 505 (1971a

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications The N-Glucoside of Benzocaine (B202970) with anesthetic activity. A potential sun-screening agent.
References Rybczynska, B. et al.: Parfum. Kosm., 48, 125 (1967); Nikolin, A. et al.: Glas. Hemi. Tehnol. Bosne Herceg., 16, 93 (1968);

Applications D-Erythrose is a tetrose carbohydrate that have been tested as an potential anticariogenic sweetener along with L-Erythrulose as a blend.
References Elseviers, M., et al.: Agro. Food. Indus. Hi.Tech., 10, 15 (1999); Alkorta, I., et al.: Carbo. Res., 346, 2933 (2011);

Applications 1-Methoxy Empagliflozin is an impurity in the synthesis of Empagliflozin drug (E521510), which is potent and selective inhibitor of sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2).
References Thomas, L., et al.: Diabetes. Obesity. Metabol. 14, 94 (2012); Grempler, R., et al.: Diabetes. Obesity. Metabol., 14, 83 (2012);

Applications Alginic Acid Sodium Salt, can be used as a flavorless gum. It is used by the foods industry to increase viscosity and as an emulsifier. It is also used in indigestion tablets and the preparation of dental impressions.
References Raymond C. R., et al.: Adipic Acid, Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, 11 (2009); Augst, A. et al.: Macromol. Bio. 6, 623 (2006); Chen, S. et al.: J. Contorl. Rel., 96, 285 (2004);

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Stachyose Hydrate is a low molecular weight carbohydrate that was separated through an EM Gel OR-PVA column.
References Belue, G.P., McGinnis, G.D.: J. Chormatogr., 97, 25 (1974)

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Isotope labelled analog of α-D-Galactose 1-Phosphate, the phosphate conjugate of α-D-Galactose (G155260), a natural aldohexose which is ubiquitous in bacteria, plants, and animals, including human brains.
References Sang, J.L., et al.: J. Bacteriol., 190, 7932 (2008);

M02724 - 3-Indolyl-b-D-glucuronide Cyclohexylammonium salt

Applications Intermediate in the preparation of Citicoline (C508050), a naturally occurring nucleotide.

Applications Mannoheptulose occurs naturally in avocado fruit. It is used for normalizing insulin levels and reducing weight.
References Lin, S., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 265, 9670 (1990), Grimsby, J., et al.: Science, 301, 370 (2003), Matschinsky, F., et al.: Curr. Diabetes Rep., 5, 171 (2005), Matschinsky, F., et al.: Diabetes, 55, 1 (2006),

Applications Amino sugar found (as the N-acetyl derivative) in peptidoglycan, the main skeletal component of the bacterial cell wall. The N-acetyl derivative of muramic acid is an amino sugar that constitutes the peptidoglycan bacterial cell wall of Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. Muramic acid is used as a chemical marker for the detection of bacterial contamination.
References Stout, J., et al.: Soil Biochem., 5, 1 (1981), Chantigny, M., et al.: Soil Biol. Biochem., 32, 1561 (2000), Martens, D., et al.: J. Environ. Qual., 29, 723 (2000),

Applications L-Glucose is the enantiomer of D-Glucose (G595000), a naturally occurring carbohydrate used in an abundance of cellular processes. L-Glucose is a synthetic sugar used in the formation of L-Glucose Pentaacetate (G596510), a potential therapeutic agent regarding type II diabetes. In addition, L-glucose can be used as a colon cleansing agent for before a colonoscopy procedure.
References Malaisse, W. et al.: Int. J. Mol. Med., 2, 383 (1998); Raymer, G. et al.: Gastrointest. Endosc., 58, 30 (2003); Wang, R., et al.: J. Mol. Catal. B. Enz., 56, 131 (2009),

Applications 4-Acetylphenyl β-D-Glucopyranoside (cas# 530-14-3) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.

Applications An isomer of the nucleoside uridine found in all species and in many classes of RNA except mRNA. It is formed by enzymes called Ψ synthases, which post-transcriptionally isomerize specific uridine residues in RNA in a process termed pseudouridylation. Studies suggest that β-Pseudouridine reduces radiation-induced chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes.
References Ferré-D'Amaré A.R. et al.: Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol., 13, 49 (2003); Hamma, T. et al.: Chem. Biol., 13, 1125 (2006); Liang, X.H. et al.: RNA, 8, 237 (2002); Monobe, M. et al.: Mut. Res. Gen. Toxicol. Env. Mutagen., 538, 93 (2003);

Applications Regulation of N-glycolylneuraminic acid biosynthesis in rat and mouse liver.
References Malykh, Y., et al.: Biochimie, 83, 623 (2001), Angata, T., et al.: Chem. Rev., 102, 439 (2002), Soh, N., et al.: Anal. Sci., 18, 1159 (2002), Taylor, P., et al.: Clin. Biochem., 38, 328 (2005),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Guaiacol-beta-D-glucopyranoside-d3, is a labeled analogue of Guaiacol-beta-D-glucopyranoside (G245565), a Guaiacol Conjugate, that has shown to present in fermentation of grapes that had been exposed to bushfire smoke and can potentially yield unpalatable, smoke-affected wine.
References Hayasaka, Y.m et al.: J. Arg. Food Chem., Vol. 58, Issue 4, P: 2076; 2081 (2010);

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications A metabolite of trans Resveratrol (R150000).
References Schroder, H., et al.: Clin. Nutr., 20, 429 (2001), Yu, C., et al.: Pharm. Res., 19, 1907 (2002), Rimando, A., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 52, 4713 (2004), Walle, T., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 32, 1377 (2004), Ito, H., et al.: Br. J. Nutr., 94, 500 (2005),

Stability Hygroscopic, Temperature Sensitive
Applications Found to exhibit in vitro growth-inhibiting effect on human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, SK-HEP-1 cells.
References Oh, G-S, et al.: Cancer Letters, 174, 17 ( 2001)

Applications L-Isomer of D-galactose (G155250), a C-4 epimer of Glucose (G595000) found in milk and sugar beets as well as being synthesized by the body. Potential use in oral therapy for nephrotic syndrome in focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis.
References De Smet, E. et al.: Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., 24, 2938 (2009); Kivele, R. et al.: Carb. Pol., 85, 645 (2011);

Applications Ethylmalonic Acid is used as a diagnostic agent used in the diagnosis of Ethylmalonic encephalopathy which is a rare autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism.
References Baertling, F. et al.: Eur. J. Pediat., 173, 1719 (2014); Sudo, Y. et al.: Hu,am Genome Var., 1, 15016 (2014);

Stability Stable at RT
Applications D-(+)-Cellohexose (cas# 2478-35-5) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications A substrate for N-acetyl-ß-D-glucosaminyltransferase. Also an inhibitor of 1-ß-3-galctotransferase. Blocks the apical biosynthetic pathway in polarized HT-29 cells.
References Delacour, D., et al.: J. Cell Biol., 169, 491 (2005), Suzuki, O., et al.: Int. J. Oncol., 26, 1063 (2005),

Applications D-Galactose-3-sulfate potassium salt is a sulfated conjugate of D-Galactose (G155250), a epimer of Glucose (G595000) that is found in milk and sugar beets as well as being synthesized by the body.
References Turvey, J.R., et al.: J. Chem. Soc., 2242 (1963); Bowker, D.M., et al.: J. Chromatograph., 22, 486 (1966);

Applications Labelled D-Mannitol (M165000). D-Mannitol is widespread in plants and plant exudates; obtained from manna and seaweeds. D-Mannitol is used in the food industry as anticaking and free-flow agent, flavoring agent, lubricant and release agent, stabilizer and thickener and nutritive sweetener.
References Pigman, W., et al.: The Carbohydrates, 249 (1957), Makkee, M., et al.: Chem. Commun., 930 (1980),

Applications A pharmaceutical compound used in the development of mannosylated liposomes for bioadhesive oral drug delivery via M cells of Peyer's patches.
References Pukanud, P. et al.: Drug Delivery, 16, 289 (2009); Knowles, D.J. et al.: J. Gen. Microbiol., 108, 17 (1978);

Applications Labelled L-Glucose is the enantiomer of D-Glucose (G595000), a naturally occurring carbohydrate used in an abundance of cellular processes. L-Glucose is a synthetic sugar used in the formation of L-Glucose Pentaacetate (G596510), a potential therapeutic agent regarding type II diabetes. In addition, L-glucose can be used as a colon cleansing agent for before a colonoscopy procedure.
References Malaisse, W. et al.: Int. J. Mol. Med., 2, 383 (1998); Raymer, G. et al.: Gastrointest. Endosc., 58, 30 (2003); Wang, R., et al.: J. Mol. Catal. B. Enz., 56, 131 (2009),

Applications (2-Hydroxypropyl)-γ-cyclodextrin is used in the solubilization of macromolecules and in cell culture applications. Similar to β-Cyclodextrin (C987830), however can work with larger molecules.
References Motoyama, A. et al.: J. Pharmac. Biomed. Anal., 28, 97 (2002); Nakamura, N. et al. Biotechnol. Bioeng., 19, 87 (1977); Riddle, L. A. et al.: J. Chrom. Sci., 45, 330 (2007);

Applications 2-Acetamido-3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-D-glucono-1,5-lactone (cas# 34051-37-1) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.
References Vocadlo, D., et al.: Biochem., 44, 12809 (2005),