Organometallic Ligands

<p>Selective TRPM8 channel blocker. Inhibits icillin-induced store-operated Ca2+ entry, hence TRPM8 activation, in pulmonary vasculature. Reduces frequency of volume-induced contraction of bladder. Reduces micturition and nociceptive reflex actions in the bladder, suggesting therapeutic potential for bladder hypersensitivity disorders.</p>

<p>Bruton's tyrosine kinase antagonist; reduces Fcγ receptor signaling</p>

<p>Candesartan is a drug that belongs to the class of angiotensin II receptor antagonists and is used to treat hypertension. It is used in combination therapy with other drugs, such as hydrochlorothiazide and amlodipine, to lower blood pressure. Candesartan inhibits the formation of angiotensin II, the receptor which causes vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure.</p>

<p>A selective inhibitor of MEK1/2 kinase. Anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic in multiple myeloma (MM) cells via G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and caspase 3 and PARP cleavage, respectively. Synergistic with other anti-MM therapies. Has anti-tumor effects in some solid tumors, such as in K-ras mutated colorectal cancer.</p>

<p>GC 376 is an inhibitor of the main protease Mpro (3CLpro) in coronaviruses as well as picornaviruses. This broad-spectrum antiviral compound has been used as investigational veterinary drug for treatment of feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) infections. Recent studies also showed that GC 376 inhibits the main protease Mpro (3CLpro) from SARS-CoV-2 with IC50 of 0.03 μM and EC50 of 3.37 μM.</p>

<p>Nilotinib is a kinase inhibitor that is used for the treatment of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML). This drug is also used for the treatment of CML that is resistant to imatinib. Nilotinib inhibits the tyrosine kinase activity of the BCR-ABL protein. It also inhibits PDGFR and c-kit.</p>

<p>Antagonist of dopamine (D2), serotonin (5-HT2A) and histamine H1 receptors</p>

<p>3-Hydroxy-5-{[(naphthalen-2-yl)carbamoyl]amino}benzoic acid is a synthetic compound characterized by its complex molecular structure incorporating naphthalene and benzoic acid moieties. As a derivative of benzoic acid, it is typically synthesized through a series of chemical reactions designed to introduce the 3-hydroxy and carbamoyl functional groups, creating a compound with potentially unique bioactive properties.</p>

<p>Dapoxetine is a drug that belongs to the group of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). It is used to treat premature ejaculation. This drug inhibits the serotonin transporter allowing for an increased action of serotonin at the postsynaptic cleft, thus promoting ejaculatory delay.</p>

<p>Regaloside D is a natural product derived from plant sources, specifically isolated from certain species known for their bioactive properties. It functions as a glycoside, a compound in which a sugar is bound to a non-carbohydrate moiety, potentially influencing a variety of cellular processes through its interaction with specific molecular targets.</p>

<p>Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor; therapy for Alzheimer's disease</p>

<p>Loratadine is a non-sedating, inverse agonist antihistamine used for the treatment of allergic rhinitis, an IgE (immunoglobulin E) mediated disease. Loratadine binds to histamine H1 receptors, preventing histamine from binding and causing an allergic reaction.It has been found to inhibit the release of eosinophil cationic protein by acting on different components of allergic inflammation, in particular in the modulation of ICAM-1 expression on nasal epithelial cells as a mechanism of protective for the epithelium, and therefore, the damage of mucosa is reduced. In recent studies, it was found that loratadine is a potent HR1 antagonist with in vitro inhbitory effect on human mast-cell lines, HMC-1 (from mast cell leukaemia) with an IC50 between 10 and 50 μM.Loratadine is part of our Bio-X ™ Range. These products are aimed at life science researchers who need high quality ready to use products for assay development, screening or other R&amp;D work. With a solubility datasheet and convenient vials, all of our Bio-X ™ products are in stock across our global warehouses for rapid delivery and ease of use.</p>

<p>Nilutamide is an antineoplastic agent that is used to treat prostate cancer. This drug is an androgen receptor antagonist and binds with androgen receptors thus blocking its action and resulting in growth arrest.</p>

<p>L-type calcium channel blocker</p>

<p>Inhibits JAK1 and JAK2 kinases</p>

<p>Toceranib phosphate is a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Toceranib phosphate has been shown to be effective in the treatment of skin cancer and other types of cancer, including lung cancer and breast cancer. It is approved in the US as a treatment for canine mastocytoma (mast cell tumours).</p>

<p>Partial inverse agonist of benzodiazepine sites of the GABAA receptors with anxiogenic properties. FG 7142 is a pharmacological stressor which generates anxiety in humans and in experimental animals such as rhesus monkeys and rodents. FG 7142 also reduces food intake and frequency of feeding in male and female rats.</p>

<p>A light-sensitive probe that functionally encapsulates L-glutamate in an inactive form. Irradiation with light at 360-380 nm cleaves the MNI protecting group and allows the release of free L-glutamate.  It allows tuneable control of the L-glutamate in neurons and precise control over time, dose and location of L-glutamate release.</p>

<p>Androgen receptor antagonist</p>

<p>Inhibits protein translocation from ER to Golgi; fungal metabolite</p>

<p>Nabumetone is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is used in the treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. This drug is also a cyclooxygenase inhibitor and works by inhibiting this enzyme so that pain and inflammation is reduced.</p>

<p>Pan-class I phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor (IC50 = 3, 33, 3 and 75 nM at catalytic subunits p110α, p110β, p110δ and p110γ respectively). Inhibits proliferation in several cancer cell lines, such as glioblastoma, breast and prostate cancer cells. Has synergistic anti-cancer effect in combination with MEK/ERK kinase inhibitor GDC-0973 (cobimetinib).</p>

<p>Irsogladine is a gastroprotective drug that is used for the treatment of GERD and gastric ulcers. This drug also has antioxidant properties. Irsogladine is a phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor and increases levels of cAMP. It helps to prevent and heal damage to the stomach lining.</p>

<p>Ponalrestat is an aldose reductase inhibitor, which is a synthetic compound developed for pharmacological purposes. It originates from chemical synthesis designed to target and inhibit the enzyme aldose reductase effectively. The mode of action involves the competitive inhibition of aldose reductase, an enzyme involved in the polyol pathway of glucose metabolism. By preventing the reduction of glucose to sorbitol, it reduces sorbitol accumulation associated with diabetic complications.</p>

<p>γ-secretase inhibitor; inhibits notch signaling</p>

<p>14-3-3 Σ, GST tagged human, is a recombinant protein that serves as a research-grade tool for the study of cellular signaling pathways. This product is expressed in a suitable expression system, typically using E. coli, resulting in a fusion protein that is tagged with Glutathione S-Transferase (GST). The GST tag aids in the purification and detection of the protein, facilitating various biochemical analyses.</p>

<p>AZD9567 is a selective glucocorticoid receptor modulator (SGRM), which is a synthetic pharmaceutical compound. Its source is rooted in medicinal chemistry efforts to design ligands that selectively interact with glucocorticoid receptors. The mode of action of AZD9567 involves binding to glucocorticoid receptors with high specificity, modulating their activity to trigger anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory responses while minimizing common side effects associated with traditional glucocorticoids.</p>

<p>Beta-adrenoceptor antagonist; anti-hypertensive</p>

<p>Indomethacin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits the production of prostaglandin PGE2. It is used to treat pain, fever, and inflammation. Indomethacin's mechanism of action is not well understood, but it may be due to interference with the ability of PMNs to bind to the surface of bacteria or to release reactive oxygen species. The drug has been shown to reduce mitochondrial membrane potential in mammalian cells, leading to apoptosis. This effect on mitochondria may also contribute to Indomethacin's anti-inflammatory effects. Indomethacin is part of our Bio-X ™ Range. These products are aimed at life science researchers who need high quality ready-to-use products for assay development, screening or other R&amp;D work. With a solubility datasheet and convenient vials, all of our Bio-X ™ products are in stock across our global warehouses for rapid delivery and ease of use.</p>

<p>Neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor antagonist</p>

<p>As a synthetic trifluorinated glucocorticoid receptor agonist, Fluticasone exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. When binding to and activating glucocorticoid receptors, Fluticasone initiates the activation of lipocortin which inhibits cytosolic phospholipase A2. Consequently, the cascade of inflammatory mediator synthesis reactions are inactivated and the production of inflammatory cells namely mast cells, dendritic cells, macrophages and eosinophils and the cytokines that they produce are greatly reduced.It is this anti-inflammatory role which has enabled Fluticasone to successfully treat conditions such as asthma, emphysema, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis. It has also been seen to increase anti-inflammatory effects of annexoin-1 and mitogen-activated kinase phosphatase-1; reduce mucus gland secretions and increase the number of beta-2 receptors on smooth muscles of the airways.<br>Fluticasone is part of our Bio-X ™ Range. These products are aimed at life science researchers who need high quality ready to use products for assay development, screening or other R&amp;D work. With a solubility datasheet and convenient vials, all of our Bio-X ™ products are in stock across our global warehouses for rapid delivery and ease of use.</p>

<p>Camostat is a serine protease inhibitor that is used for the treatment of chronic pancreatitis. This drug has shown to reduce inflammation and pain. Studies have shown that Camostat has also inhibited the entry of SARS-CoV-2 in lung cells by inhibiting the priming process of S-protein, necessary for the viral entry into host cells.</p>

<p>Pasireotide acetate is a synthetic cyclic peptide and a somatostatin analogue, which is derived from the chemical synthesis based on the structure of native somatostatins. It operates by binding to somatostatin receptors with high affinity, primarily targeting the sst1, sst2, sst3, and sst5 receptor subtypes. This binding inhibits the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which can modulate the excess production of cortisol in conditions such as Cushing’s disease.</p>

<p>Dopamine D2 receptor antagonist</p>

<p>Antagonist of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors</p>

<p>Bexarotene is a retinoid and antineoplastic agent that is used for the treatment of solid tumours and t-cell lymphomas. It inhibits the growth in vitro of some tumor cell lines of hematopoietic and squamous cell origin and research has shown that it induces tumor regression in vivo in some animal models.</p>

<p>Melatonin is a neurotransmitter produced by the pineal gland that is involved in the regulation of sleep-wake cycles. It can be used to treat several conditions like shift work disorders, insomnia, jet lag, and alterations of the circadian rhythm. Some authors also proposed the use of melatonin against cognitive disorders. In an interesting research conducted on zebrafish, it was found that memory formation occurs better during daytime compared to nighttime, suggesting a role of melatonin in this process. When melatonin was administered during the daytime it caused reduced memory formation. On the contrary, removing the pineal gland or treating the fish with a melatonin antagonist significantly improves nighttime memory formation.</p>

<p>S26131 is an advanced glycation end product (AGE) inhibitor, which is a synthetic compound designed for laboratory research purposes. It is derived from chemical synthesis processes, offering a robust tool for investigating the biochemical pathways associated with glycation. Its mechanism of action involves the inhibition of AGE formation, which is a post-translational modification resulting from the non-enzymatic reaction between sugars and proteins or lipids. This biochemical modulation is vital for studying the implications of glycation in various physiological and pathological contexts.</p>

<p>Positive allosteric modulator of the metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR5 with EC50 in submicromolar range. The compound is able to increase mGluR5 function in vitro and in vivo. A study showed that ADX-47273 enhanced fear extinction learning as well as improved reversal learning in experimental animals.</p>

<p>Potent and selective positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of metabotropic glutamate receptor mGlu4. Valiglurax is orally bioavailable and CNS-penetrant mGlu4 PAM in preclinical development for the Parkinson’s disease therapy and alleviation of the motor symptoms.</p>

<p>Inhibitor of NLRP3 inflammasome and suppressor of the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β secretion. The compound was tested in diabetic mice and was shown to decrease the incidence of cardiac arrythmias, which are common secondary complications in diabetes mellitus. MCC 950 has potential to reverse diabetes-induced pathologies in cardiac electrophysiology.</p>

<p>Potent inhibitor of γ-secretase. LY 411575 inhibited production of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides with IC50 of 0.078 nM in vitro as well as decreased levels of Aβ40 and Aβ42 amyloids in brain of a mouse model for Alzheimer’s disease. In vitro studies confirmed that LY 411575 inhibited cleavage of Notch receptor at S3 site with IC50 of 0.39 nM, which blocked Notch activation and downstream signalling, leading to apoptosis in primary and immortalized Kaposi's sarcoma cells.</p>

<p>KBU2046 is an antimicrobial peptide, which is derived from natural or synthetic peptide sequences with potential therapeutic properties. It exerts its effects by disrupting the structure and integrity of bacterial cell membranes through the formation of pores or micelles. This action alters membrane permeability, ultimately leading to cell lysis and death.</p>

<p>Azumolene is a muscle relaxant drug, which is a synthetic derivative of dantrolene originating from hydantoin. The mode of action of Azumolene involves the inhibition of calcium ion release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle fibers. By impeding this release, Azumolene effectively reduces muscle contraction, thereby acting as a potent muscle relaxant.</p>

<p>Icilin is a transient receptor potential M8 (TRPM8) agonist drug that is used for the treatment of pruritis. This drug has shown to be effective in producing an extreme cold sensation in both human and animal models. It is used in research for studying TRP channels.</p>

<p>Potent and specific inhibitor of the tyrosine protein kinase Mer precursor (MERTK) with 38-fold selectivity over the FMS-like protein kinase FLT3. UNC 4203 inhibits MERTK with an IC50 value of 2.4 nM and shows favourable pharmacokinetic properties. In vivo experiments in mice showed that UNC 4203 dramatically decreased the phosphorylation of MERTK in bone marrow leukemia cells.</p>

<p>K02288 is a small molecule inhibitor, which is derived from extensive chemical synthesis and compound screening techniques. It functions as a selective antagonist of the activin receptor-like kinase (ALK) pathway, specifically inhibiting Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily receptor signaling. This pathway is crucial in a variety of cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, thereby making K02288 an important tool in cell signaling and cancer research.</p>

<p>Tricyclic antidepressant</p>

<p>Potent agonist of a1β1γ1 5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). It binds to the allosteric drug and metabolite (ADaM) site at the α- and β- subunit interface of AMPK. It has potential for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. PF 06409577 reduces infections caused by flaviviruses, mediated by changes in the metabolism of lipids in host cells.</p>