Acids and Synthetic Reagents

<p>Applications MKT-077 is used in the treatment of Alzheimer’s diseases and other tauopathie’s. Also, is a rhodacyanine derivative that selectively targets cancer cells and overcomes tamoxifen resistance<br>References Jinwal, U. K., et al.: Pharm. Nanotechnol., 2, 217, (2014); Koren, J., et al. : PLoS One, 7, 35566 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications Di-O-glycinoylcurcumin Dihydrochloride is a metabolite of curcumin (C838500), which is a natural phenolic compound. Potent anti-tumor agent having anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Induces apoptosis in cancer cells and inhibits phorbol ester-induced protein kinase C (PKC) activity. Reported to inhibit production of inflammatory cytokines by peripheral blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages. Potent inhibitor of EGFR tyrosine kinase and IκB kinase. Inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cycloxygenase and lipoxygenase. Easily penetrates into the cytoplasm of cells, accumulating in membranous structures such as plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope.Curcumin is currently being examined as a possible therapeutic for the treatment of Alzheimers disea<br>References Srinivasan, et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 5, 448 (1953), Tu, B., et al.: J .Cell Biol., 164, 341 (2004), Xu, G., et al.: Biochemistry, 44, 9817 (2005), Johnson, J., et al.: Cancer Lett., 255, 170 (2007), Chem. and Eng. News 90(31), 44 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications Ethyl Isobutyrylacetate is used in the synthesis of piperazine derivatives as possible multireceptor atypical antipsychotics, affecting dopamine and serotonin receptor properties . Also used in the synthesis of pyrazinecarboxamide DGAT1 (diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1) inhibitors used in the treatment of obesity.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Chen, Y. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 56, 4671 (2013); J. Med. Chem., 55, 10610 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications Ethyl Succinoyl Chloride, used in the synthesis of bivalent ligands for D2/D3 dopamine receptors. Also used in the preparation of antimicrobial pyrrolo-isoquinolinones.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Gogoi, S. et al.: ACS Med. Chem. Lett., 3, 991 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications CUR 61414 is a proline derivative as mediator of hedgehog signaling pathways for pharmaceutical and cosmetic uses. CUR 61414 is a Nucleoside analog. CUR 61414 is an antimetabolite antitumor combination Gemcitabine cancer treatment.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Van der Riet, P., et al.: Cancer Res., 54, 25 (1994), Hahn, H., et al.: Cell, 85, 841 (1996), Johnson, R., et al.: Science, 272, 1668 (1996), Ingham, P., et al.: Genes Dev., 15, 3059 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications An antihistamine with antiemetic properties used to prevent nausea and motion sicknes composed of two drugs 8-Chlorotheophylline (C411440) and Diphenhydramine (D486900).<br>References Sibel, K. et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch. , 52, 529 (2002); Pytel, J. et al.: Clin. Therap., 29, 84 (2007); Scholtz, A.W. et al.: Clin. Therap., 26, 866 (2004);<br></p>

<p>Applications Alk 5 Inhibitor II is a selective ATP competitive inhibitor of transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ). A potential drug for the treatment of fibrosis and cancer.<br>References Ren, J. et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 44, 4259 (2009)<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications Tricyclohexyl Phosphine is a ligand catalyst used primarily in organometallic chemistry.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Sanford, M. et al.: J. Am. CHem. Soc., 123, 6543 (2001);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Indium(III) chloride tetrahydrate (cas# 22519-64-8) is a useful research chemical.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br></p>

<p>Applications Doramapimod is a highly potent inhibitor of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Doramapimod is a potential agent for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Doramapimod blocks baseline and bortezomib-triggered upregulation of p38 MAPK and Hsp27 phosphorylation leading to enhanced cytotoxicity and caspase activation.<br>References Pargellis, C. et al.: Nat. Struct. Biol., 9, 268 (2002,); Kuma, Y. et al.: J. Biol. CHem., 280, 19472 (2005); Yasui, H. et al.: Br. J. Haematol., 136, 414 (2007);<br></p>

<p>Applications rac 2-Lauroyl-3-chloropropanediol-d5 (cas# 1330055-73-6) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). Used as an antidepressant.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Wong, D.T., et al.: Life Sci., 15, 471 (1974), Goldstein, D.J., et al.: Br. J. Psychiat., 166, 660 (1995), Ni, Y.G., et al.: Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 94, 2036 (1997)<br></p>

<p>Stability Air and Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications Diethyl Chlorophosphite is used in the synthesis of organophosphates and are considered anticholinesterase agents through observation in studies.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Segall, Y. et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 16, 350 (2003);<br></p>

<p>Applications A phopshine ligand used in transition-metal mediated organic synthesis, in particular in wittig reactions to improved (Z) selectivity.<br>References Andersen N.G. et al.: Chem. Rev., 101, 997 (2001); Appel M. et al.: Eur. J. Org. Chem., 1143, (2002);<br></p>

<p>Applications Aluminum Bromide, is used as a catalyst for the Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction, and also for bromination and isomerization in organic synthesis.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis. (2001); Renfew, M. M., et al.: J. Chem. Educate. 68 (9, (1991);<br></p>

<p>Applications Vadimezan is a drug that displayed vascular-disrupting activity and induced haemorrhagic necrosis and tumour regression in pre-clinical animal models. It is a substrate for the immune adaptor protein STING in mice.<br>References Buchanan, C.M., et al.: Clin. Sci., 122, 449 (2012); Fruh, M., et la.: Clin. Lung. Cancer., 14, 34 (2013); Chem. and Eng. News page 24 Feb. 26, 2018<br></p>

<p>Applications A sulfanilamide derivative of Chitosan with antifungal properties.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Tashiro, T., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 16, 8896 (2008), Alcalde, E., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 52, 675 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications D-Glyceraldehyde is the simplest of all aldoses and have been shown to be the one of the carbonyl metabolite of dietary fructose.<br>References Yang, K., et al.: Chem-Biol. Interact., 191, 315 (2011); Zheng, X.H., et al.: Chem. Med. Chem., 7, 1921 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications tert-Butyl Methylcarbamate is an substituent in the synthetic preparation of PF-06463922, a macrocyclic inhibitor of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) and c-ros Oncogene 1 (ROS1).<br>References Johnson, T. W., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 57, 4720 (2014);<br></p>

<p>Applications Aziridine carboxylic acid ester derivative used for the synthetic application of chiral aziridine via esterification.<br>References Minakata, S., et al.: Chem. Commun., 47, 6363 (2008); Li, Y.X., et al.: Tetrahedron. Lett., 49, 1480 (2008);<br></p>

<p>Applications GI 254023X is an ADAM10 metaloproteinase inhibitor.<br>References Hoettecke, N., et. al.: Neurodegeneration Diseases, 7, 232 (2010)<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-​Methoxy-​6-​methyl-​2H-​pyran-​2-​one acts as a potential selective agonist for the ghrelin receptor (GHS-​R1a), a receptor which plays in a role in appetite.<br>References Pastor-Cavada, E., et al.: Sci. Rep., 6, 36456 (2016);<br></p>

<p>Applications 11-Bromo-1-undecene acts as a reagent used in the chemoenzymatic synthesis of macrolide antibiotics for the treatment of common bacteria infection.<br>References Chatterjee, S., et al.: RSC Adv., 4, 42697 (2014)<br></p>

<p>Applications Phosphorothioic Acid Trisodium Salt Hydrate can be involved in reactions of alkali hexafluoroaluminates.<br>References Bukhalova, G. A., et al.: Issled. v Obl. Khim. i Technol. Mineral'n. Solei i Okislov, Akad. Nauk SSSR, Sb. Statei, 124 (1965)<br></p>

<p>Applications trans-1,2-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic Acid is used as a reagent in the synthesis of enantiopure (α-cyanoalkyl)(tetrahydropyrido[4,3-b]indolecarbonyl)cyclohexanecarboxamides and its analogs as selective cathepsin K inhibitors for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Also used as a reagent in the synthesis of novel cyclopentanedicarboxamide sodium channel blockers as a potential treatment for chronic pain.<br>References Dossetter, A.G., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 55, 6363 (2012); Shao, P.P., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 15, 1901 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Applications An intermediate for polycyclic indazole derivatives that are ERK inhibitors.<br>References Orjales, A., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 46, 5512 (2003), Mariappan, P., et al.: J. Eur. Urology., 51, 67 (2007), Hughes, J., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 18, 4872 (2008), Kielbasa, W., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 37, 137 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications 5-Methylisoxazole-3-carboxylic Acid is a metabolite of UTL-5b, a structural analog of the anti-arthritic drug, Leflunomide (L322750).<br>References Shaw, J. et al.: Eur. J. Drug. Metab. Ph., 37, 83 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications 18α-Glycyrrhetinic Acid rapidly and reversibly blocks gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC).<br>References Guo, Y., et. al.: Am. J. Phys.: 276, L1018 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2,4-Dichloro-5-trifluoromethylpyrimidine is a reactant in the preparation of pyrimidine derivatives as inhibitors of gene ALK protein Kinase phosphorylating kinase and as cell proliferation inhibitors.<br>References Yang, E.H., et. al.: Bull. Korean Chem. Soc., 34, 3129 (2013)<br></p>

<p>Applications Sch 527123 is a potent CXCR2 antagonist. It can potentially inhibits human colon cancer liver metastasis.<br>References Varney, M. L., et al.: Cancer Lett 300, 180 (2011); Arshi, K., et al.: Front Immunol. 8, 464 (2017)<br></p>

<p>Applications An optically active resolving agent.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Helv. Chim. Acta, 61, 2773 (1978)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications PHA-793887 is a potent CDK (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor. Recent studies shows that PHA-793887 has promising therapeutic activity against acute leukemias in vitro and in vivo. PHA-793887 was used to successfully modulate E2F transcriptional factor-dependent cell cycle, DNA replication, mitosis and apoptosis related gene in both tumors and skin biopsy from patients with solid tumors.<br>References Alzani, R. et al.: Exp. Hematol., 38, 259 (2010); Locatelli, G. et al.: Mol. Cancer Ther., 9, 1265 (2010); Brasca, M. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 18, 1844 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications Trimethylphenylammonium tribromide is a brominating agent, and is also used as an oxidizing agent in the preparation of disulfides and sulfoxides from thiols and sulfides.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Ghorbani-Choghamarani, A., et al.: Phosphorus Sulfur, 186, 1665 (2011); Gonzalez, A., et al.: Phytochemistry, 12, 1113 (1973)<br></p>

<p>Applications (R)-3-(Boc-amino)piperidine is Boc protected (R)-3-Aminopiperidine (A627920, Dihydrochloride salt) which has been used as a reactant for the preparation of dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors derived from Alogliptin.<br>References Xie, Hui., et. al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 68, 312 (2013)<br></p>

<p>Applications SKF 81297C is a dopamine D1 agonist (1).<br>References (1) Bergman, J., et. al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 273, 40 (1995)<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Bromobenzotrifluoride is an aromatic compound that is used as a reagent to synthesize Bergenin (B318650), a compound that originates in Mallotus japonicus that exhibits hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects. 4-Bromobenzotrifluoride is also used as a reagent to prepare (±)-Preclamol, a partial dopamine D2 agonist that is used to treat Parkinson’s disease.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Lim, H., et al.: Pharmacology, 63, 71 (2001); Parkan, K., et al.: Chem. Eur. J., 20, 4414 (2014); Pirtosek, Z., et al.: Clin. Neuro., 16, 550 (1993); Takahashi, H., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 11, 1781 (2003); Vasdev, N., et al.: Synapse, 60, 314 (2006)<br></p>

<p>Applications Hydrazinecarboxaldehyde is used in the synthesis of azaindazoles as inhibitors of bacterial DNA ligase. Also used in the synthesis of anticonvulsants as quinoline derivatives.<br>References Howard, S. et al.: ACS Med. CHem. Lett., 4, 1208 (2013); Wang, S. et al.: Arch. Pharm. Res., 36, 32 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications (+)-Biotinyl 3,6,9-Trioxaundecanediamine is a biotin derivative and is used as a reagent in the synthesis of a potent, covalent BTK inhibitor for B-cell lymphoma.<br>References Wu, H., et al.: ACS Chem. Biol., 9, 1086 (2014)<br></p>

<p>Applications (Ethoxycarbonylmethyl)triphenylphosphonium-13C2 bromide is an intermediate in the synthesis of 3-Chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone-13C5, which is an isotope labelled Mutagen X (MX) is a chlorinated furanone that accounts for more of the mutagenic activity of drinking water than any other disinfection byproduct. DNA damages provoked by the six mutagens (furylframide, MX, 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide, sodium azide, 1-nitropyrene, and captan) used in the present study have been known to subject to the nucleotide excision repair system.<br>References Hakulinen, P., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 151, 439 (2004), Richardson, S., et al.: Mutat. Res., 636, 178 (2007), Kim, J., et al.: Environ. Toxicol., 23, 319 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications Oprozomib is the second class of proteasome inhibitors with higher specificities and reduced toxicities, against head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.<br>References Zang, Y., et al.: Autophagy., 8, 1837 (2012); Zang, Y., et al.: Clin. Cancer. Res., 18, 5639 (2012); Mato, A.R., et al.: Oncologist., 17, 694 (2012); Zhou, H.J., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 52, 3028 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Applications (R)-α-Phenethyl Alcohol, is a chiral building block used for the synthesis of various pharmaceutical compounds. It can be used for the preparation of biologically active cyclitols.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Redgrave, A. J., et al.: No pp., Dissertation (1991);<br></p>

<p>Applications GSK 2606414 acts as a potent and selective inhibitor of protein kinase R and similarly endoplasmic reticulum kinase affecting numerous diseases such as cancer.<br>References Axten, J. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 55, 7193 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-(Trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile is used in the synthesis of quinazolines for amidines. Also used in the synthesis of s-transferase p1-1 and cancer cell proliferation.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Lv, Y. et al.: Chem. Comm., 49, 6349 (2013); Yang, X. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 53, 1015 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications ML141 is a potent selective reversible non-competitive inhibitor of Rho family GTPase use in the treatment of bacterial infections.<br>References Hong, L. et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 288, 8531 (2013)<br></p>

<p>Applications Ammonium Bromide is used as a bromide activated chloramine biocide for effective control of volatile fatty acids and catalase and biofilm elimination in paper making industry. Also applied in biopharmaceuticals and dosage form designs.<br>References Bharati, S., et al.: Appita J., 56, 426 92003); Torosian, G., et al.: Am. J. Hosp. Pharm., 30, 716 (1973)<br></p>

<p>Applications α-Acetoxyacetic Acid, is a versatile organic building block, used in the synthesis of pharmaceutical compounds, including inhibitors and therapeutic agents. It can be used for the synthesis of analogs of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid, which are potential inhibitors of ALA dehydratase (porphobilinogen synthase), an early enzyme of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Appleton, D., et al.: J. Chem. Soci., Perkin Transactions , 1, 89 (1998);<br></p>

<p>Applications Alpha-(trifluoromethyl)styrene<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br></p>

<p>Applications AMD 3465 is a CXCR4 antagonist and in combination with monoclonal antibody, was shown to be potentially effective in reducing tumor growth and increasing survival in patient with B cell lymphoma<br>References Burger, J.A., et al.: Leuke. Lympho.,53. 3 (2012); Lam, A.R., et al.: J. Chem. Info. Model., 51, 139 (2011); De Clercq. E., et al.: Pharmacol. Therap., 128. 509 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 3-(2-Benzothiazolyl)-6-ethyl-7-hydroxy-8-(1-piperidinylmethyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one is involved in the pharmacological inactivation of Skp2 E3 ligase.<br>References Chan, C., et al.: Cell, 154, 556-568 (2013)<br></p>

<p>Applications Cyclopropylacetylene is used in a variety of chemical reactions in organic syntheses. Used in the synthesis of BACE1 inhibitors used in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. It is also used in cycloaddition reactions and the synthesis of fluoromethylsydnones.<br>References Xu, Y. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 23, 3075 (2013); Foster, R. et al.: J. Org. Chem., 78, 4049 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications Aclidinium Bromide is a novel long-acting antimuscarinic bronchodilator in phase II clinical trials for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (1,2).<br>References (1) Gupta, V. and Singh, D.: Expert Rev Respir Med. 6, 581 (2012) (2) De La Motte, S., et al.: Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Therap., 50,403 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications 1-Carboxy-1-methylethoxyammonium Hydrochloride is used as a reactant in the synthesis of carbon-11 labeled celecoxib derivatives as new candidate PET radioligands for imaging of inflammation.<br>References Gao, M., et al.: Appl. Radiat. Isot., 67, 2019 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Chloro-4-fluorobenzoic Acid s a useful synthetic intermediate. It can be used to prepare aryl aminopyrazole benzamides as oral non-steroidal selective glucocorticoid receptor agonists. It can also be used to synthesize (4,4-difluoro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-5H-1-benzazepin-5-ylidene)acetamide derivatives as arginine vasopressin V2 receptor agonists.<br>References Barnett, H., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 19, 158 (2009); Tsukamoto, I., et al.: Bioog. Med. Chem., 16, 9524 (2008)<br></p>

<p>Applications Iron(II) Chloride is used in preparation of a variety of organically templated iron phosphates. It also serves as a reducing flocculating agent in wastewater treatment. It is the precursor to hydrated iron(III) oxides that are magnetic pigments.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Lii, K., et al.: Chem. Mater., 10, 2599 (1998); Wildermuth, E., et al.: Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry Wiley-VCH, Wienheim (2005)<br></p>

<p>Applications Methyl 8-Chloro-8-oxooctanoate is used as a reagent in the synthesis of β-cyclodextrin-6-deoxy-6-NHC(O)(CH2)6C(O)NHOH which is a β-cyclodextrin-capped histone deacetylase inhibitor that may have potential for use in treatment of cancers and inflammatory diseases. It is also used in one synthetic route for tubacin which is a known anticancer agent.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Amin, J., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 23, 3346 (2013); Hong, J., et al.: Lett. Org. Chem., 7, 50 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications BAY 11-7085 is a NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB) inhibitor and can be used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of endometriosis. BAY 11-7085 inhibits the cell proliferation and DNA synthesis of endometriotic cyst stromal cells (ECSCs) and induces apoptosis by surpressing antiapoptotic proteins.<br>References Berger, N., et al.: Exp. Hematol., 35, 1495 (2007); Nasu, K., et al.: Am. J. Physiol., 293, E16 (2007)<br></p>

<p>Applications SR 59230A Hydrochloride is a potent and selective β3 adrenergic receptor antagonist.<br>References Nisoli, E., et al.: Mol. Pharmacol., 49, 7 (1996);<br></p>

<p>Applications The paullones are a novel class of kinase inhibitors, initially identified as CDK inhibitors. Kenpaullone has been found to be a useful GSK-3ß inhibitor (IC50=23nM).<br>References Zaharevitz, D.W., et al.: Cancer Res., 59, 2566 (1999), Leclerc, S., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 276, 251 (2001), Bain, J., et al.: Biochem. J., in press.<br></p>

<p>Applications A tyrosine kinase inhibitor; it is used to prepare formulation for treating primary or secondary cancer.<br>References Veronese, M., et al.: Br. J. Cancer, 92, 1846 (2005), Hofheinz, R., et al.: Onkologie, 29, 563 (2006), Meyerhardt, J., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 24, 1892 (2006), Hanauske, A., et al.: Clin. Cancer Res., 13, 523 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications N-Phenylbis(trifluoromethanesulfonamide) is used in the enantioselective synthesis of β-amino acids via the Mannich reaction. Used in the synthesis of sphingosine 1-phosphate-1 receptor agonists useful in pharmaceutical application.<br>References Asano, M. et al.: Tetra. Asymm., 24, 449 (2013);<br></p>