Beta Blockers

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications An intermediate in the production of Rosuvastatin (R700500) derivatives.

Stability Light Sensitive
Applications Ciprofibrate Ethyl Ester is an impurity of ciprofibrate(C482475) is a hypolipemic agent, related structurally to Clofibrate (C586910). Ciprofibrate is used as an antilipemic.
References Davison, C., et al.: Drug. Metab. Dispos., 3, 520 (1975), Arnold, A., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., et al.: 68, 1557 (1979), Tuchman-Duplessis, H., et al.: Toxicology, 12, 1 (1979),

Impurity Nicardipine USP Related Compound B
Applications A pyridine metabolite M-5 of Nicardipine. Nicardipine USP Related Compound B.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Triggle, A., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 23, 1442 (1980), Freedman, D., et al.: Drugs, 34, 578 (1987), Guengerich, F., et al.: Xenobiotica, 25, 689 (1995), Schleifer, K., et al.: Pharmazie, 54, 804 (1999),

Impurity Bisoprolol EP Impurity L (Metoprolol EP Impurity C)
Stability Hygrscopic
Applications 4-[2-Hydroxy-3-[(1-methylethyl)amino]propoxy]benzaldehyde (Bisoprolol EP Impurity L (Metoprolol EP Impurity C)) is a Metoprolol impurity .
References Baldwin, J.J. , et al.: J. Med. Chem., 29, 1065 (1986), Ravelet, C., et al.: J. Sep. Sci., 29, 1322 (2006),

Applications 3-(9H-Carbazol-4-yloxy)-1,2-propanediol is used in the synthesis of carvedilol, a β-adrenergic blocking agent.
References Naidu, K. et al.: Org. Chem. An Indian J., 6, 171 (2010);

Impurity Carvedilol EP Impurity C; Carvedilol Impurity C; Carvedilol USP C
Applications N-Benzyl Carvedilol (Carvedilol EP Impurity C) is an impurity of Carvedilol (C184625) and a degradation product in Carvedilol tablets.
References Karle, C., et al.: Cardiovasc. Res., 49, 361 (2001), Chen, J., et al.: Acta Cardiol. Sin., 19, 93 (2003), Xiang, T., et al.: Pharm. Res., 22, 1205 (2005),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications An active carboxylate of Mevastatin (M340500). It is a competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase with hypocholesterolemic activity. It has been shown to be effective in reducing cholesterol synthesis in vivo, and thereby in lowering cholesterol levels in blood.
References Endo, A. et al.: Atheroscler. Supp., 5, 39 (2004); Hosobuchi, M. et al.: J. Ferm. Bioeng., 76, 470 (1993);

Impurity Nadolol EP Impurity B
Stability Hygroscopic
Applications (2R,3S)-rel-Nadolol-de(N-tert-butyl)methoxy is an impurity of Nadolol (N201050), a β-Adrenergic blocker. Antihypertensive; antianginal.
References Dreyfuss, J., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 17, 300 (1977); Sibley, P.L., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 44, 379 (1978); Slusarek, L., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 9, 455 (1980)

Impurity Ezetimibe Ketone (USP)
Applications Phase-I metabolite of Ezetimibe (E975000).
References Shah, V., et al: J. Pharm. Sci., 17, 1551 (2000), Van Heek, M., et al.: Br. J. Pharmacol., 134, 409 (2001), Watts, G., et al.: Clin. Sci.,103, 595 (2002), Ghosal, A., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 32, 314 (2004), Sistla, R., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 39, 517 (2005),

Applications Nicergoline-d3 is the labeled analogue of Nicergoline(N394550), a drug used for age-dependent cognitive impairment such as Alzheimers disease and other types of dementia.
References Caraci, F., et. al.: Brain Res., 1047, 30 (2005); Mizuno, T., et. al.: Brain Res., 1066, 78 (2005)

Applications A labelled antihypertensive. An angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, converted to active, diacid metabolite.
References Teetz, V., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 34, 1399 (1984), Ruggenenti, P., et al.: Lancet, 352, (1998), Bosch, J., et al.: Br. Med. J., 324, 1 (2002),

Applications Isometheptene Maleate belongs to a group of sympathomimetic amine and shows very little antihypertensive activity. Isometheptene Maleate is used as an antispasmodic drug.
References Vidrio, H. et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap., 187, 308 (1973); Taylor, W.G. et al.: Drug Metab. Disp., 5, 564 (1977);

Applications 2-Oxo-Zoniporide is an metabolite of Zoniporide, a potent and selective inhibitor of human sodium-hydrogen exchanger isoform1(NHE-1) and protects against cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury.
References Ross, T.W., et al.: Cardiovascular. Drug. Reviews., 21, 17 (2003); Deepak, D., et al.: Drug. Metabol. Dispos., 38, 641 (2010);

Applications AICAR is a nucleoside analogue that is able to enter nucleoside pools and is able to significantly increase levels of adenosine during periods of ATP breakdown. Adenosine-regulating agents (ARAs) have been recognized for therapeutic potential in myocardial ischemia. Cardioprotective.
References Mullane, K., et al.: Trends Cardiovasc Med., 3, 227 (1993), Browne, G.J., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 279, 13, 12220 (2004)

Stability Moisture Sensitive
Applications Oxyfedrine acts as a vasodilator affecting the coronary base flow.
References Baraka, Y. et al.: J. Drug Res., 12, 161 (1980);

Applications An Epinephrine (E588585) derivative formed in injection solutions and eye drops during sterilization and storage of L-Epinephrine Bitartrate.
References De Mol, N.J. et al.: Pharmac. Week., 117, 1 (1982); Liu, C. et al.: Yao. Fen. Zaz., 2, 200 (1982);

Impurity Fluocinolone Acetonide EP Impurity B
Applications (6α,11β,16α,17α)-6,9-Difluoro-11-hydroxy-16,17-[(1-methylethylidene)bis(oxy)]-3-oxoandrosta-1,4-diene-17-carboxylic Acid, is a derivative of Fluocinolone Acetonide (F455800), which is a Corticosteroid, used in dermatology to reduce skin inflammation and relieve itching.
References Sammul, et al.: J. Assoc. Off. Agric. Chem., 47, 952 (1964), Emerson, M.V., et al.: BioDrugs, 21, 245 (2007),

Applications Inhibits the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase in vitro.
References Endo, A., et al.: J. Antibiot., 32, 852 (1979), Alberts, A.W., et al.: Drug Invest., 2 (Suppl. 2), 9 (1990), Kuroda, M., et al.: Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 486, 70 (1977),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications The optically active isomer of Carvedilol (C184625), a nonselective ß-adrenergic blocker with a1-blocking activity. An antihypertensive used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Hirohashi, M., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 40, 735 (1990),

Applications A labelled nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID); activity resides primarily in the (S)-isomer.
References Busson, M., et al.: J. Int. Med Res., 14, 53 (1986), Meade, E.A., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 268, 6610 (1993), Davies, N.M., et al.: Clin. Pharmacokinet., 34, 101 (1998),

Applications 2-Fluoroadenosine is a fluorinated analog of Adenoside (A280400) nucleotide.
References Long, X., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exper. Ther., 335, 781 (2010); Ham, M., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exper. Ther., 335, 607 (2010);

Applications Labelled Torsemide (T548750). Used as a diuretic.
References Lesne, M., et al.: In. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. Toxicol., 20, 382 (1982), Brater, D.C., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 42, 187 (1987),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Labelled Mexiletine (M340800). Antiarrhythmic (class IB).
References Singh, E.M., et al.: Br. J. Pharmacol., 44, 1 (1972), Scott, K.N., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 1, 506 (1973), Chew, C.Y.C., et al.: Drugs, 17, 161 (1979), Abounassif, M.A., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 20, 433 (1991),

Applications N6-Isopentenyladenosine has antiproliferative activity on MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
References Rajabi, M. et al.; DNA Cell Biol.; 29, 687 (2010)

Impurity Hydrochlorothiazide EP Impurity C
Applications N-[[7-(Aminosulfonyl)-6-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1,1-dioxo-4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazin-4-yl]methyl]-6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-1,1-dioxo-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide (Hydrochlorothiazide EP Impurity C) is an impurity in bulk Hydrochlorothiazide. Dimer Impurity C.
References Daniels, S.L., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 70, 211 (1981), Fang, X., et al.: Pharm. Res., 14, 691 (1997),

Applications 6-Oxo Simvastatin is an analog of Simvastatin (S485000), a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor.
References Joshua, H., et al.: J. Antibiot., 44, 366 (1991),

Applications 2-Azidoethanol is used as a reagent in the glycosylation of mono- or polysaccharides. 2-Azidoethanol is also used as a 2’-deoxy-ethynyluridine (EdU) blocker in nuclear DNA, preventing cross reactivity with other antibodies in order to better study its related pathways in the body.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Liboska, R., et al.: PLOS ONE, 7, e51679 (2012); Sun, X., et al.: Biomacromolecules, 3, 1065 (2002)

Rac-Diacetolol is a racemic mixture of two isomers, (+) and (-), of acebutolol. Rac-Diacetolol is used to treat bowel disease, chronic oral inflammation and cardiac arrhythmias. It is also used as an experimental solubility probe in the study of the interactions between drugs and biological membranes. Rac-Diacetolol has been shown to have a low affinity for cytochrome P450 enzymes, which are responsible for metabolizing many drugs in the body. Rac-Diacetolol has been found to reduce plasma concentrations of PCSK9 antibody in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The drug also has anti-inflammatory properties that may be due to its inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis.

Applications 3-Hydroxy-4-(1-naphthyloxy)-butanenitrile is an intermediate in the synthesis of Nadoxolol (N201040), which is a beta-adrenergic receptor blocker.
References Kappor, M., et al.: Bioorg. Chem., 31, 259 (2003)

Applications Lodoxamide-15N2,d2 is the labelled form of Lodoxamide which is an antiallergic drug that acts as a mast cell stabilizer. It is effective in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis and in decreasing vascular permeability.
References Ciprandi, G., et al.: Allergy, 51(12), 946-951 (1996); Bayer, Atilla., et al.: Ophthalmologica, 217(2), 119-123 (2003)

Applications Antihypertensive; antiarrhythmic (class II); antianginal; antiglaucoma agent.
References Wasson, et al.: J. Med. Chem., 15, 651 (1972), Franciosa, et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 13, 138 (1972), Heel, R.C., et al.: Drugs, 17, 38 (1979), Rofman, B.A., et al.: Hypertension, 2, 643 (1980), Mazzo, D.J., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 16, 641 (1987),

Impurity Atorvastatin 2-Hydroxy Lactone
Stability Hygroscopic
Applications A metabolite of Atorvastatin, a selective, competitive HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. Atorvastatin is the only drug in its class specfically indicated for lowering both elevated LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides in patients with hypercholesterolemia.

Applications (S)-4-Hydroxy Propranolol is the main metabolite of (S)-Propranolol (P831795).
References Shwed, J., et al.: Xenobiotica, 22, 973 (1992), Fujita, K., et al.: Biol. Pharm. Bull., 22, 446 (1999), Walle, U., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 30, 564 (2002),

Applications Rescinnamine is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor used as an antihypertensive drug.
References Fife, R., et al.: Brit. Med. J., 2, 1848 (1960); Balsevich, J., et al.: Planta Med., 44, 91 (1982)

Applications 1-Chloro-3-(1H-indol-4-yloxy)-2-propanol, is an impurity of Pindolol (P468000), a mixed β-adrenergic blocker and serotonin 5HT1A-receptor antagonist. Antihypertensive; antianginal; antiarrhythmic; antiglaucoma.
References Dreshfield, L.J., et al.: Neurochem. Res., 21, 557 (1996), Perez, V., et al.: Lancet, 349, 1594 (1997),

Applications Pindolol (P468000) impurity.

Applications 2-(2-Methoxyethyl)phenol is used as a stabilizer in the preparation of polysiloxane based coating compounds with good stability.

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Atorvastatin (A791750) impurity.
References Kearney, A.S., et al.: Pharm. Res., 10, 1461 (1993); Heinonen, T.M., et al.: Clin. Ther., 18, 853 (1996);

Applications (±)-2'-Methylpropranolol Hydrochloride, is an impurity of Nadolol (N201050), a β-Adrenergic blocker. Antihypertensive; antianginal.
References Dreyfuss, J., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 17, 300 (1977); Sibley, P.L., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 44, 379 (1978); Slusarek, L., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 9, 455 (1980)

Applications A metabolite of Propranolol.
References Otton, S., et al.: Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 30, 751 (1990), Fujita, S., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 264, 226 (1993), Bichara, N., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 24, 112 (1996), Tasaki, T., et al.: J. Biochem., 123, 162 (1998),

Impurity Rosuvastatin Formyl Impurity
Applications Rosuvastatin intermediate.
References Watanabe, M., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 5, 437 (1997),

Applications A new known impurity of Carvedilol (C184625), published in Carvedilol USP monograph.

Applications Hexobendine is used as vasodilator (coronary).
References Rdudolph, et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 20, 637 (1970), Kolassa, P., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 20, 490 (1971), Zommer-Urbanska, S., et al.: Pharmazie, 40, 419 (1985),

Applications De(2,3-dihydroxy) Nadolol Hydrochloride is an impurity of Nadolol (N201050), a β-Adrenergic blocker. Antihypertensive; antianginal.
References Dreyfuss, J., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 17, 300 (1977); Sibley, P.L., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 44, 379 (1978); Slusarek, L., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 9, 455 (1980)

Applications The labelled R-enantiomer of Propranolol (P831800). β−Adrenergic blocker. Antihypertensive; antianginal; antiarrhythmic (class II).
References Bond, et al.: Nature, 213, 721 (1967), Hansteen, V., et al.: Br. Med. J., 284, 155 (1982), Diamond, S., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 28, 193 (1988),

Applications Pindolol (P468000) impurity.
References Ohia, S., et al.: Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 255, 11 (1990), Juteau, H., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 9, 1977 (2001),

Impurity Atorvastatin lactam phenanthrene calcium salt impurity
Applications Atorvastatin (A791750) impurity. A stable Atorvastatin formulation.

Applications (S)-(-)-Hydroxy Timolol is a metabolite of the non-selective beta-adrenergic receptor blocker, Timolol (T443710).
References Volotinen, M. et al.: Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 106, 302 (2010);

Applications Pindolol (P468000) impurity.

Applications CMPD101 is a potent and selective GRK2/3 inhibitor.
References Lowe, J.D., et al.: Mol. Pharmacol., 88, 347 (2015); Ikeda, S., et al.: PCT Int. Appl. WO 2007034846 A1 20070329. Mar 29, 2007

Impurity Atenolol EP Impurity H
Applications 2-[4-[(2RS)-2-Hydroxy-3-[(1-methylethyl)amino]propoxy]phenyl]acetonitrile is an impurity of Atenolol (A790075), a cardioselective β-adrenergic blocker. Atenolol EP Impurity H
References Caplar, V., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 13, 1 (1984);

Applications An impurity in Simvastatin (S485000).
References Sankar, D. et al.: Asian J. Chem., 21, 4294 (2009); Vuletic, M. et al.: J. Pharmac. Biomed. Anal., 37, 715 (2005);

Applications A Labelled metabolite of Carvedilol which is a multiple-action, neurohormonal antagonist that is used in the treatment of hypertension.
References Schaefer, W.H., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 26, 958 (1998).

Applications (±)-Betaxolol-d7 HCl (iso-propyl-d7) (CAS# 1219802-92-2) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.

Applications (±)-Carvedilol-d4 (ethyl-d4) (CAS# 1133705-56-2) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.

Applications A metabolite of Carvedilol (C184625). It is used in the treatment of hypertension.
References Sponer, G., et al.: J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 9, 317 (1987), Fujimaki, M., ET AL.: Xenobiotica, 20, 1025 (1990), Ruffolo, R., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 38, S82 (1990), Schaefer, W.H., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 26, 10, 958 (1998),

Applications Labelled Penbutolol (P220500). A β-adrenoceptor antagonist. Antihypertensive.
References Armstrong, D., et al.: Anal. Chem., 66, 1473 (1994), Kato, M., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 30, 1845 (2003),

Applications Methyl 4-Hydroxyphenylacetate has been shown to have potent inhibitory activity against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV).
References Shen, S., Li, W., Wang, J.: Nat. Prod. Res., 27, 2286 (2013); Golovleva, L.A., et. al.:

Applications 4-Methyl-1-hydrazinophthalazine is used in the synthesis of novel phthalazine derivatives as antihypertensive agents.

Applications Carvedilol (C184625) derivative.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Atorvastatin impurity in bulk drug and tablets.
References Posvar, E., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 36, 728 (1996), Lea, A., et al.: Drugs, 53, 828 (1997), Miao, X., et al.: J. Chromatogr., 998, 133 (2003),

Applications A metabolite of Eplerenone. Used in combination therapy for treatment of cardiovascular disorders.
References Staessen, J., et al.: J. Endocrinol., 91, 457 (1981), de Gasparo, M., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 240, 650 (1987), MacFadyen, R., et al.: Cardiovasc. Res., 35, 30 (1997),

Applications A metabolite of the antihypertensive agent, Labetalol (L096500).
References Gal, J., et al.: Res. Comm. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol., 62, 3 (1988),

Applications Bivalirudin 1-11 Fragment is an impurity of Bivalirudin, a direct thrombin inhibitor acting as an anticoagulant through inhibition of the enzyme thrombin.
References Bertrand, O. et al.: Am. J. Cardio., 110, 599 (2012); Patti, G. et al.: Am. J. Cardio., 110, 478 (2012)

Applications A metabolite of Propranolol.
References Otton, S., et al.: Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 30, 751 (1990), Fujita, S., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 264, 226 (1993), Bichara, N., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 24, 112 (1996), Tasaki, T., et al.: J. Biochem., 123, 162 (1998),

3'-Acetyl-4'-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)butyranilide is an impurity found in the drug product of 3'-acetyl-4'-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)butyranilide hydrochloride. It has a molecular weight of 268.9 and chemical formula C12H18O6N2. 3'-Acetyl-4'-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)butyranilide is a synthetic compound that can be used as an analytical reference material for HPLC standardization or as an impurity standard for synthesis.

Labetalol EP impurity D is a metabolite of labetalol that is used as an impurity standard for HPLC. This impurity has been identified in the drug product and also in the drug development process. Labetalol EP impurity D is one of many metabolites that can be formed by cytochrome P450 enzymes. Labetalol EP impurity D is a natural metabolite of labetalol, which can be found in the urine of humans and other mammals. It is also present in various plants and fungi, including mushrooms, lichens, yeast, and barley. Synthetic labetalol EP impurity D can also be produced by various chemical reactions.

Erythromycin E is a diluent that is used to make erythromycin solutions. It has been shown to have bioactive molecules by incubating it with chromatographic methods. These bioactive molecules are conjugates of erythromycin and methyl ethyl groups. Erythromycin E has also been shown to have genetic mechanisms, which may relate to its ability to inhibit the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-8 in the airways. The acetate extraction method is used for the production of erythromycin E. This process involves extracting erythromycin from Streptomyces bacteria grown in an acetate buffer solution.