Aminoacids and derivatives

<p>Applications A metabolite of Carbidopa (C175915).<br>References Vickers, S., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 2, 6 (1974), Vickers, S., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 18, 134 (1975),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic, moisture sensitive<br>Applications Stearoyl L-α-Lysolecithin is an bioactive lysophosphatidylcholine derived compound found to be released by bronchial epithelial cells. Stearoyl L-α-Lysolecithin have also been utilized in the development of liposomes and michelles by drug transdermal delivery devices.<br>References Zhuge, Y., et al.: Allergy Asthma Immunol Res., 6, 66 (2014)<br></p>

<p>Applications Glycine-15N is the labelled form of Glycine (G615990). Glycine is a non-essential amino acid for human development. Glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in spinal cord, allosteric regulator of NMDA receptors.<br>References Scott, D., et al.: J. Neurosci., 21, 3063 (2001); Laube, B., et al.: Neuropharmacology, 47, 994 (2004); Papadakis, M., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 279, 14703 (2004); Chen, P., et al.: Mol. Pharmacol., 67, 1470 (2005); Wolosker, H., et al.: Mol. Neurobiol., 36, 152 (2007)<br></p>

<p>Applications H-GAMMA-GLU-GLU-OH (cas# 1116-22-9) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Essential cofactor of fatty acid metabolism; required for the transport of fatty acids through the inner mitochondrial membrane. Synthetized primarily in the liver and kidney; highest concentrations found in heart and skeletal muscle. Dietary sources include red meat, dairy products, beans, avocado.<br>References Mitchell, M.E., et al.: Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 31, 293 (1978), Lango, R., et al.: Cardiovasc. Res., 51, 21 (2001), Vaz, F.M., et al.: Biochem. J., et al.: 361, 417 (2002), Karlic, H., et al.: Nutrition, 20, 709 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications R-(+)-Carbidopa is an inhibitor of DOPA decarboxylase, which plays a significant role in the prevention of the conversion of L-DOPA (D533751) to dopamine (D533780). Studies has also indicated the inhibitory effects of towards L-DOPA in human liver prepns and as well as 5-hydroxytryptophan (H975700).<br>References Vogel, W.H. et al.: Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. Ther. 198, 85 (1972);<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled ε-Aminocaproic Acid. Used in the preparatiom of esters of 6-aminohexanoic acid as antibacterial agents. EACA is reported to inhibit chymotrypsin, Factor VIIa, lysine carbo xy peptidase, plasmin, and plasminogen activator.<br>References Dolezal, P., et al.: Pharm. Res., 10, 1015 (1993), Vavrova, K., et al.: Curr. Med. Chem., 12, 2273 (2005), Holas, T., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 14, 7671 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Stability Very Very Hygroscopic<br>Applications A metabolic intermediate of L-Carnitine.<br>References Huffman, K. et al.: Diab. Care, 32, 1678 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled metabolite of 5-Hydroxytryptamine, also known as Serotonin (S274990).<br>References Uutela, P. et al.: Anal. Chem., 81, 8417 (2009); Koehle, C. et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 69, 1397 (2005); Krishnaswamy, S. et al.: Xenobiotica, 33, 169 (2003);<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2,6-piperidinedione (cas# 84803-46-3) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications L-Saccharopine is a product of breakdown of essential amino acid Lysine (L468895). Saccharopine is also part of the α-aminoadipate pathway of fungal lysine biosynthesis.<br>References Higashino, K., et al.: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 20, 285 (1965); Johansson, E., et al.: Structure, 8, 1037 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Applications L-Serine is used in the synthesis of purines and pyrimidines as antibacterial/antifungal agents, as well as acting as a proteinogenic compound.<br>References Olivella, M. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 20, 6109 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications Cadaverine is a polyamine produced by the decarboxylation of L-lysine, and is also produced by Escherichia coli (E.coli) cells when grown in acidic pH. Cadaverine is known to inhibit porin-mediated outer membrane permeability in E.coli.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Mimitsuka, T., et al.: Biosci., Biotech., Bioch., 71, 2130 (2007); Sanartzidou, H., et al.: J. Bacteriol., 185, 13 (2003)<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-amino-3-phenylbutanoic acid (cas# 1078-21-3) is a GABAA receptor agonist, used for treatment of disorders influenced by dysfunction of pancreatic β cells and also used in combination with other agents.<br>References Birnir, B., et al.: PCT Int. Appl. 56pp. (2019)<br></p>

<p>Impurity L-5-Hydroxytryptophan(Tryptophan EP Impurity D)<br>Applications 5-Hydroxy-L-Tryptophan (L-5-Hydroxytryptophan(Tryptophan EP Impurity D)) is a hydroxylated metabolite of L-Tryptophan (T947210).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Gartside, S., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 179, 103 (1990); Gijsman, H., et al.: J. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 22, 183 (2002),; Schruers, K., et al.: Psychiatry Res., 113, 237 (2002);<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Glycylglycine is a derivative of Glycine (G615990), a non-essential amino acid that enhances N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor mediated synaptic potentials in the neocortex of rats. Glycine is also being used as adjuvant therapy for the treatment of schizophrenia.<br>References Logan, W. &amp; Snyder, S.: Brain Res., 42, 413 (1972); Rosse, R., et al.: Clin. Neuropharmacol., 12, 416 (1989)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications sym-Homospermidine is an analogue of Spermidine. sym-Homospermidine is used as antineoplastic.<br>References Pegg, A., et al.: Cancer Res., 48, 759 (1988), Bergeron, R., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 37, 3464 (1994), Bergeron, R., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 23, 1117 (1995),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled analogue of Glycine (G615990), a non-essential amino acid for human development. Glycine (G615990) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in spinal cord, allosteric regulator of NMDA receptors.<br>References Scott, D., et al.: J. Neurosci., 21, 3063 (2001), Laube, B., et al.: Neuropharmacology, 47, 994 (2004), Papadakis, M., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 279, 14703 (2004), Chen, P., et al.: Mol. Pharmacol., 67, 1470 (2005), Wolosker, H., et al.: Mol. Neurobiol., 36, 152 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications Dioxindolyl-L-alanine is used in the synthesis of peptides containing 5-Hydroxytryptophan, Oxindolylalanine, N-Formylkynurenine and Kynurenine.<br>References Berlett, B., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 272, 20313 (1997), Chang, T., et al.: J. Biomed. Sci., 7, 357 (2000); Frolov, A., et al.: J. Pept. Sci., 13, 862 (2007);<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Lacosamide (L098500). Lacosamide is a medication used for the adjunctive treatment of partial-onset seizures and diabetic neuropathic pain. Lacosamide is a potent anticonvulsant.<br>References Lees, G., et al.: Brain Res., 612, 190 (1993), Kuo, C., et al.: Mol. Pharmacol., 51, 1077 (1997), Barton, M., et al.: Epilepsy Res., 47, 217 (2001), Beyreuther, B., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 539, 64 (2006), Beyreuther, B., et al.: CNS Drug Rev., 13, 21 (2007)<br></p>

<p>Applications Lauroylamide Propylbetaine is used cosmetic and hair compositions of enhanced viscosity and clarity.<br>References Anon., et al.: Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 41, 1175 (1968),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Baclofen EP Impurity A<br>Applications 4-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2-pyrrolidinone is used in the preparation of potential and selective antagonists of the α1A adrenergic receptor (1,2). It is an impurity of Baclofen (B108000), a specific GABA-B receptor agonist. Muscle relaxant (skeletal).<br>References (1) Whitlock, G. et al.: Bioorg. med. Chem. Lett., 19, 3118 (2009)(2) Brogden, R.N., et al.: Drugs, 8,1 (1974)<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled metabolite of carboxylic acid.<br>References Bardsley, W., et al.: Biochem. J., 122, 557 (1971), Kim, J., et al.: Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 69, 1331 (2005), Kopka, J., et al.: J. Biotechnol., 124, 312 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications N,N-Dimethylaminoethanol Phosphate is a metabolite of Dimethylaminoethanol, a precursor to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Ansell, G.B. et al.: Zhur. Evol. Biochim, Fiziol., 15, 249 (1979): Miyazaki, H. et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 24, 763 (1976); Haidar, N.E. et al.: Neurochem. Res., 19, 457 (1994);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Tranexamic EP Impurity D<br>Applications 4-(Aminomethyl)benzoic Acid (Tranexamic EP Impurity D) is a type 2 antifibrinolytic agent.<br>References Markwardt, F., et al.: Prog. Fibrinolysis. 5, 178 (1981); Markswardt, F.. et al.: Thrombosis. Res., 9, 143 (1976);<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Acetyl-cysteine is a reagent that is used in the synthesis of phenylalkyl isoselenocyanates which has anticancer activity.<br>References Sharma, A. K., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 24, 7820 (2008);<br></p>

<p>Applications Isotope labelled L-Serine is used in the synthesis of purines and pyrimidines as antibacterial/antifungal agents, as well as acting as a proteinogenic compound.<br>References Olivella, M. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 20, 6109 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Vitamin (enzyme cofactor). Essential cofactor of fatty acid metabolism; required for the transport of fatty acids through the inner mitochondrial membrane. Synthesized primarily in the liver and kidney; highest concentrations found in heart and skeletal muscle. Dietary sources include red meat, dairy products, beans, avocado.<br>References Mitchell, M.E., et al.: Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 31, 293 (1978), Lango, R., et al.: Cardiovasc. Res., 51, 21 (2001), Vaz, F.M., et al.: Biochem. J., et al.: 361, 417 (2002), Karlic, H., et al.: Nutrition, 20, 709 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled synthetic amino acid precursor of Norepinephrine (N674500). Antiparkinsonian.<br>References Bartholini, J., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther ., 193, 523 (1975), Kato, T., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 36, 3051 (1987), Kawabata, A., et al.: Br J. Pharmacol., 111, 503 (1994),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Baclofen (c).<br>References Ault, B., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 71, 357 (1981),<br></p>

<p>Applications Isotope labelled N-Isovalerylglycine is a useful diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of many organic acidemias and mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation defects. N-Isovalerylglycine is found in the urine of patients with isovaleric acidemia, an inborn error of leucine metabolism.<br>References Tanaka, K. et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 242, 2966 (1967); Bonafe, L. et al.: Mol. Gen. Metab., 69, 311 (2000);<br></p>

<p>Stability Air Sensitive, Light Sensitive<br>Applications 5-Hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid is an impurity of chlorpheniramine (C424300), an antihistaminic agent.<br>References Josko, J., et al.: Annal. Acad. Med. Siles., 66, 13, (2012); Carson, R.P., et al.: Human. Molec. Genetics., 22, 140 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications 3-(4-Chlorophenyl)glutaric Anhydride (cas# 53911-68-5) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications trans-4-Hydroxycyclohexylcarboxylic Acid acts as a reagent in the synthetic preparation of pyrazole-pyrimidine preparation as TTK inhibitors and potential antitumors, Preparation and Janus kinase 1 (JAK1)-selective inhibitory activity of benzimidazole derivatives.<br>References Liu, Y., et al.: ACS Med. Chem. Lett., 7, 671 (2016); Kim, H., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 26, 3213 (2016)<br></p>