Quinazoline and Quinoline Derivatives

<p>Applications 2-[4-[2-(1-Piperidinyl)ethoxy]benzoyl]benzoic Acid is a research reagent with antispasmodic<br>References Bal-Tembe, S., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 5, 1381(1997);Punekar, N., et al.: Biotech. App. Biochem, 14, 378 (1991);<br></p>

<p>Applications ent-Rivaroxaban is the R-isomer of Rivaroxaban (R538000), which is a novel antithrombotic agent. A highly potent and selective, direct FXa inhibitor.<br>References Ansell, J., et al.: Drugs, 64, 1 (2004), Eriksson, B., et al.: J. Thromb. Haemost., 3, 103 (2005), Kubitza, D., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 78, 412 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Myristicin Acid Methyl Ester is an intermediate in the synthesis of natural dihydrostilbenes with significant cytotoxicity toward human cancer cell lines.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Kobayashi, H., et al.: J. Antibiotics, 49, 873 (1996), Belguendouz, L., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 53, 1347 (1997), Mu, F., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 46, 1670 (2003), Lee, J., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 14, 2022 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications Anticonvulsant.<br>References Bogue, C., et al.: Br. J. Pharmacol., 8, 230 (1953), Daley, R.D., Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 2, 409 (1973),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Tryptophan (T947200).<br>References da Prada, M., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 14, 1721 (1965), Curzon, G., et al.: Br. J. Pharmacol., 63, 627 (1978), Fukumori, R., et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 33, 586 (1981), Aasmoe, L., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 57, 1067 (1999), Karamanakos, P., et al.: Pharmacol. Toxicol., 88, 106 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro Argatroban is a metabolite of Argatroban (A769000); a synthetic thrombin inhibitor and antithrombotic.<br>References Abiko, Y., et al.: Thromb. Res., 24, 285 (1981); Kikumoto, R., et al.: Biochemistry, 23, 85 (1984)<br></p>

<p>Applications Ethyl p-Aminobenzoate-N-D-mannose is a derivative of Benzocaine (B202985) glucoside, a potential anaesthetic or potential screening agent.<br>References Rybczynska, B. et al.: Parfum. Kosm., 48, 125 (1967); Nikolin, A. et al.: Glas. Hemi. Tehnol. Bosne Herceg., 16, 93 (1968);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Bifonazole EP Impurity B<br>Applications 5-([1,1’-Biphenyl]-4-ylphenylmethyl)-1H-Imidazole (Bifonazole EP Impurity B) is a compound derived from Bifonazole (B383400), an anti-fungal agent used in the treatment of skin diseases. Causes an increase in Ca2+ concentration and triggers cell death in PC3 human prostate cancer cells.<br>References Cheng, J. et al.: J. Recep. Sign. Transduct., 34, 493 (2014); Chen, Z. et al.: Mol. Pharm., 12, 590 (2015);<br></p>

<p>Applications N-​(4-​Methyl-​2-​thiazolyl)​-guanidine hydrochloride is the hydrochloride base salt of N-​(4-​Methyl-​2-​thiazolyl)​-guanidine which is used as a test compound for various studies involving permeability through the blood-​brain barrier.<br>References Bolboaca, S.D., et al.: Int. J. Mol. Sci., 12, 4348-64 (2011); Dureja, H., et al.: Acta Pharm. 57, 451-67 (2007); Fu, X., et al.: nt. J. Mol. Sci., 10, 737-50 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Applications A vascularly inactive metabolite of Carvedilol (C184625). A novel antihypertensive agent, is a potent antioxidant.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Sponer, G., et al.: J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 9, 317 (1987), Rapola, J., et al.: Lancet, 349, 1715 (1997), Gao, F., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 406, 109 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Antagonist of dibutyryl cyclic-AMP in the regulation of narcosis.Norepinephrine modulates human dendritic cell activation by altering cytokine release.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Piguet, P., et al.: J. Exp. Med., 173, 673 (1991), Hosoi, J., et al.: Nature, 363, 159 (1993), Elenkov, I., et al.: Pharmacol. Rev., 52, 595 (2000), Kaplan, D., et al.: Immunity, 23, 611 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Captopril EP Impurity G<br>Applications 3-Acetylthio-2-methylpropionic Acid (Captopril EP Impurity G) is a key intermediate for Captopril (C175750) and other hypertension drugs.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Cushman, D., et al.: Biochem., 16, 5484 (1977), Ondetti, M., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 24, 355 (1981), Tseng, T., et al.: Cancer Lett., 62, 233 (1992),<br></p>

<p>Applications An impurity of Isoniazid (I821450), which is an antibiotic for treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and inhibits mycolic acid biosynthesis. Intermediate used for the synthesis of analogs of antitumor agent 1-acetyl-2-picolinoylhydrazine.<br>References Brewer, G.A., et al.: Anal. Profiles. Drug. Subs., 6, 183 (1977), Weber, W.W., et al.: Clin. Pharmacokinet., 4, 401 (1979); Rutner, H., et al.: Cancer. Chem. Rep., 58, 803 (1974)<br></p>

<p>Applications S-Methyldihydroziprasidone is a metabolite of Ziprasidone (Z485000) and is used for the treatment of psychiatric and ocular disorders.<br>References Obach, R.S., et al.: Xenobiotica, 42, 1049 (2012); Prakash, C., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 25, 863 (1997); Prakash, C., et al. S-Methyl-dihydro-ziprasidone for treatment of psychiatric and ocular disorders. PCT Int. Appl. WO 2001091756 A2 20011206. Dec 6, 2001<br></p>

<p>Applications trans-Haloperidol N-Oxide is the trans-isomer of Haloperidol N-Oxide (H103735), a metabolite of Haloperidol (H103700).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Gorrod, J., et al.: Xenobiotica., 23, 495 (1993); Monser, L., et al.: J. Liquid. Chromatograph. Technol., 26, 261 (2003);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Timolol EP Impurity F; Timolol BP Impurity F; Timolol USP Related Compound F<br>Applications 3-Chloro-4-morpholino-1,2,5-thiadiazole (Timolol EP Impurity F; Timolol BP Impurity F; Timolol USP Related Compound F) is an intermediate for the synthesis of Timolol.<br>References Wasson, B., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 15, 651 (1972), Tokunaga, M., et al.: Sci., 277, 936 (1997),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Brimonidine EP Impurity G<br>Applications A possible metabolite of Brimonidine (B677520).<br></p>

<p>Applications A dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. Antihypertensive.<br>References Safar, M., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 46, 94 (1989), Kharat, V.R., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 28, 789 (2002), McCormack, A.J., et al.: Drugs, 63, 2327 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Applications Vandetanib N-Oxide is a metabolite of Vandetanib (V097100), a once-daily oral inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 and epidermal growth factor receptor kinase activity.<br></p>

<p>Applications Loxoprofen is a non-selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that has been effective in reducing atherosclerosis in mice by reducing inflammation. Loxoprofen becomes active after metabolism in the body and inhibits the activation of cyclooxygenase.<br>References Masahide H. et al.: J Clin Biochem Nutr., 47, 138 (2010); Noguchi, M. et al.: Biolog. Pharmac. Bull., 28, 2075 (2005); Hyun, J. et al.: Arch. Pharm. Res., 24, 541 (2001);<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Methoxy-5-(methylsulfonyl)benzoic acid (cas# 50390-76-6) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled metabolite of Olanzapine.<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications N-Desmethyl Regorafenib (Pyridine)-N-oxide is a synthetic metabolite of Regorafenib (R143000) and is used for treatment and prevention of cancer.<br>References Wilhelm, S.: PCT Int. Appl. WO 2011130728 A1 20111020. Oct 20, 2011<br></p>

<p>Impurity Gabapentin EP Impurity A; Gabapentin USP Related Compound A<br>Applications Gabapentin Lactam (Gabapentin EP Impurity A; Gabapentin USP Related Compound A) reduces protein aggregates and improves motor performance in a transgenic mouse model of Huntington’s disease. It opens mitochondrial ATP-dependent potassium channels.<br>References Zucker, B.,et al.: Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol., 370, 131 (2004)<br></p>

<p>Applications L-Phenylacetylcarbinol ( (L-PAC) obtained by biotransformation of benzaldehyde.<br>References Ellaiah, P., et al.: Ind. Drugs, 24, 192 (1987), Nikolova, P., et al.: Biotechnol. Bioeng., 38, 493 (1991), Shin, H., et al.: Biotechnol. Bioeng., 49, 52 (1996),<br></p>

<p>Applications 5-Methoxy-2-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole is an impurity of Omeprazole (O635000), which binds covalently to proton pump. It inhibits gastric secretion. Used as an anttiulcerative.<br>References Muller, P., et al.: Arzneimittel-Forsch., 33, 1685 (1983), Wallmark, B., et al.: Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 778, 549 (1984), Morii, M., et al.: J. Biol. chem., 268, 21553 (1993), Ritter, M., et al.: Br. J. Pharmacol., 124, 627 (1998)<br></p>

<p>Applications Shows antiulcer activity in rats.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Uchida, M., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 33, 3775 (1985), Yamasaki, K., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 142, 23 (1987),<br></p>

<p>Applications N-(3-Hydroxytricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]dec-1-yl)glycyl-L-proline, is a metabolite of Vildagliptin (V305000), a class of oral anti-hyperglycemic agents that inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), which can act as a serine exopeptidase.<br>References Ahren, B., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 89, 2078 (2004), Ahren, B., et al.: Diabetes Care, 27, 2874 (2004), Barlocco, D., et al.: Curr. Opin. Invest. Drugs, 5, 1094 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications Efavirenz Pen-3-ene-1-yne is an analog of Efavirenz (E425000), a nonnucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor and antiviral agent.<br>References Young, S.D., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 39, 2602 (1995)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Praziquantel USP Related Compound A<br>Applications 2-(Descyclohexylcarbonyl)-2-benzoyl Praziquantel is used in the synthesis of Praziquantel (P702095), anthelmintic, effective against flatworms. Praziquantel USP Related Compound A<br>References Liu, H. et al.: Chem. Biol. Drug Des., 79, 470 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Levofloxacin Descarboxy Impurity<br>Applications A degradation product of Levofloxacin (L360000).<br>References Wong, F., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 15, 765 (1997), Singh, G., et al.: Pharmazie, 43, 134 (1988), Radi, A., et al.: Talanta, 58, 319 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Applications The labelled (S)-enantiomer of Etiracetam (E932970) and the ethyl analog of Piracetam (P500800). Used as an anticonvulsant.<br>References Gower, A.J., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 222, 193 (1992), Kasteleijn-Noist Trenite, D.G.A., et al.: Epilepsy Res., 25, 225 (1996), Patsalos, P.N., et al.: Pharmacol. Ther., 85, 77 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Applications Letermovir acts as an orally or i.v administered cytomegalovirus terminus complex inhibitor, antiviral agent, used in the treatment of CMV infection which is prevalent in those with immunocompromised systems.<br>References Kropeit, D. et al.: Brit. J. Clin Pharmacol., 83, 2678 (2017); Kim, E. et al.: Drugs. 78, 147 (2018);<br></p>

<p>Applications Praziquanamine, as the main intermediate for synthesizing antiparasitic agent Praziquantel (P702095).<br>References Dong, Y., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 20(8), 2481 (2010)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Cilostazol USP Related Compound A<br>Applications A metabolite of Cilostazole.<br>References Gitto, R., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 46, 3758 (2003), Xie, Z., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 15, 4803 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Levofloxacin USP Related Compound F<br>Applications Nonfluorinated analog of Levofloxacin (L360000). Levofloxacin USP Related Compound F.<br>References Koga, H., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 23, 1358 (1980), Fujita, M., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 44, 987 (1996), Graul, A., et al.: Drugs Future, 24, 1324 (1999), Takahata, M., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 43, 1077 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Salbutamol Glyoxal Impurity that is synthesized from C369215 (3-Chloromethyl-4-hydroxyacetophenone).<br></p>

<p>Applications A diuretic used to reduce menstrual pains.<br>References Varga, J., et al.: Mol. Immunol., 28, 641 (1991), Marrero-Ponce, Y., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 13, 2881 (2005), Ibrahim, H., et al.: Drug Discov. Ther., 3, 168 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications An α2-Adrenergic blocker; analogue of Mianserin. Antidepressant.<br>References De Boer, T., et al.: Neuropharmacology, 27, 399 (1988), Smith, W.T., et al.: Psychopharmacol. Bull., 26, 191 (1990)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Phenytoin USP Related Compound A 2,2-Diphenylglycine<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 2,2-Diphenylglycine (Phenytoin USP Related Compound A 2,2-Diphenylglycine) is a decomposition product of Phenytoin (D491650), which reduces incidence of grand mal seizures; appears to stabilize excitable membranes perhaps through effects on Na+, K+, and Ca2+ channels.<br>References Shah, V. et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 75, 1113 (1986); Faucette, S., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 320, 72 (2007); Raymond, H. et al.: Teratol., 10, 237 (1974);<br></p>

<p>Applications Bupivacaine is a sodium channel blocker, local anesthetic.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Wilson, T.D., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 19, 59 (1990), McClellan, K.J., et al.: Drugs, 56, 355 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Applications An antibody agent.<br>References Rowell, F. J., et al.: Immunochemistry, 13, 891 (1976),<br></p>

<p>Applications Betrixaban is a novel anticoagulant. An oral direct inhibitor of factor Xa (FXa) for use in the prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE).<br>References Turpie, A.G.G. et al.: Thromb. Haemost., 101, 68 (2009); Gomez-Outes, A. et al.: Curr. Vasc. Pharmacol., 7, 309 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Formyl Benzocaine is a degradation product of Benzocaine (B202970); a compound that is used as an anesthetic (local).<br>References Kholod, Y., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 9208 (2009); Fliri, A., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 52, 8038 (2009); Helguera, A., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 98, 4557 (2009); Onoue, S., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 98, 3647 (2009); Koellmer, M., et al.: AAPS PharmSciTech., 14, 1333 (2013)<br></p>

<p>Applications A histamine H2-receptor antagonist. It is used to inhibit gastric acid secretion; an antiulcer agent.<br>References Tarutani, M. et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 35, 703 (1985); Yagita, M. et al.: Therap. Res., 7, 96 (1987); Asai, M. et al.: Gek. Yak., 50, 922 (2008);<br></p>

<p>Applications An antipsychotic.A representative lot was 92% d8, 8% d7.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Stille, et al: Farnaco, Ed. Prat., 26, 603 (1971), Hane, J.M., et al.: Psychopharmacol. Bull., 24, 62 (1988), Meltzer, H.Y.: J. Clin. Psychiatry, 55, Suppl. B, 47 (1994)<br></p>

<p>Applications 8-[2-(Diphenylmethoxy)-N-methylethylamino]-1,3-dimethylxanthine is an impurity of Dimenhydrinate (D460520), an antihistamine with antiemetic properties used to prevent nausea and motion sicknes composed of two drugs 8-Chlorotheophylline (C411440) and Diphenhydramine (D486900).<br>References Doege, U., et al.: Pharmazie., 62, 174 (2007); Santoro, R.S., et al.: J. Pharmaceut. Sci., 60, 791 (1971);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 2-Ethyl-2-methylsuccinic Acid is an inhibitor of plasmid-borne IMP-1 metallo-β-lactamase.<br>References Toney, J., et. al.: J. Biol. Chem., 276, 31913 (2001)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A histamine H2-receptor antagonist which inhibits gastric acid secretion. Antiulcerative.<br>References Bradshaw, J., et al.: Brit. J. Pharmacol., 66, 464 (1979), Berstad, A., et al.: Scand. J. Gastroenterol, 15, 637 (1980), Hohnjec, M., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 15, 533 (1986),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications rac-4-Hydroxy Propranolol Hydrochloride is a metabolite of Propranolol.<br>References Walle, T., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 13, 204 (1985), Mason, R., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 34, 869 (1991), Anderson, R., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 52, 341 (1996), Hung, D., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 297, 780 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Keto Crizotinib is an impurity of Crizotinib (C785000), a potent and selective dual inhibitor of mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-MET) kinase and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). Crizotinib is a potential antitumor agent.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br></p>

<p>Applications A selective cyclooxygenase-2-(COX-2) inhibitor. Anti-inflammatory; analgesic.<br>References McCann, M.E., et al.: Am. J. Vet. Res., 65, 503 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications Brexpiprazole is a drug candidate useful in treatment and prevention of mental disorders including CNS disorders.<br>References Yamashita, H., et al.: PCT Int. Appl., WO 2006112464 A1 20061026 (2006);<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Hydroxypyridine (cas# 142-08-5) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications 5-Ethyl-demethyl Lercanidipine is an impurity of Lercanidipine (L179000), which is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker.<br>References Bianchi, G., et al.: Pharmacol. Res., 21, 193 (1989); Rimoldi, E., et al.: Acta Therap., 200, 23 (1994); Argekar, A., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 21, 1137 (2000);<br></p>

<p>Applications Haloperidol Metabolite II<br>References Cutroneo, P., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 41, 333 (2006), Sheridan, R., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 50, 3173 (2007), Lee, I., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 578(2, 123 (2008), Entrena, J., et al.: Psychopharmacol., 205, 21 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications 1-Phenyl-1,2-propanediol is a reagent in pharmaceutical chemistry, used in the synthesis of nor(pseudo)ephedrine related compounds.<br>References Sehl, T. et al.: Green Chem., 16, 3341 (2014); Moorthy, J. et al.: J. Org. Chem., 76, 9593 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications Ibrutinib is a highly selective Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (Btk) irreversible inhibitor.<br>References MacGlashan, D., et. al.: Int. Immunol., 11, 475 (2011)<br></p>

<p>Applications The major metabolite of Ramelteon in serum (M-II).<br>References Karim, A., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 44, 1210 (2004), Prescott, E., et al.: Drug Metab. Rev., 36, 203 (2004), Kato, K., et al.: Neuropharmacology, 48, 301 (2005), Karim, A., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 46, 140 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications 6-O-α-D-Maltosyl-β-cyclodextrin is an additive to improve the solubility of quetiapine.<br>References Ogawa, N., et. al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 31, 809 (2013)<br></p>

<p>Applications ORM-15341 is a metabolite of Darolutamide. Darolutamide is a potent androgen receptor antagonist with strong efficacy in prostate cancer models.<br>References Sugawara, T., et al.: Int. J. Cancer, 145, 1382 (2019); Yu, J., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 182, 111608 (2019)<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Deprenyl.<br>References Yoshida, T., et al.: Xenobiotica, 17, 957 (1987), Meeker, J., et al.: J. Anal. Toxicol., 14, 330 (1990), Heinonen, E., et al.: Clin. Pharm. Ther., 56, 742 (1994), Szoko, E., et al.: Int. J. Pharm. Adv., 1, 320 (1996),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 4-Defluoro 2-Fluoro Flunarizine Dihydrochloride is an impurity of Flunarizine(F455200, Dihydrochloride), which is a calcium channel blocker. Flunarizine is a fluorinated derivative of Cinnarizine and a vasodilator (cerebral and peripheral).<br>References Desmedt, L.K., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 25, 1408 (1975), Godfraind, T., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 53, 273 (1979), Nihard, P., et al.: Angiology, 33, 37 (1982), Holmes, B., et al.: Drugs, 27, 6 (1984)<br></p>

<p>Impurity USP Omeprazole Related Compound A<br>Applications A metabolite of Omeprazole.<br></p>

<p>Applications 7-Hydroxy Loxapine is a metabolite of Loxapine (L472750), a neuroleptic medication used to treat patients with schizophrenia and obsessive compulsive disorder.<br>References Kapur, S., et al.: Am. J. Psychiatry, 154, 1525 (1997); Rivers-Bulkeley, N. &amp; Hollender, M.: Am. J. Psychiat., 139, 1345 (1982)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Semicarbazide Hydrochloride is a metabolite of Nitrofuran (N493840), a minor antimicrobial used in veterinary medicine affecting semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) activity (1). Semicarbazide may be found in from nitrofuran residues in honey extracts (2) as well as milk from dairy cows (3). Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), environmental, and food contaminants.Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants; Heat processing contaminants.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References 1. Elliott J. et al.: J Pharm Pharmacol. 1989 Jan;41(1):37-41. 2. Tribalat L. et al.: Anal Bioanal Chem. 2006 Dec;386(7-8):2161-8. 3. Chu, P. et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem. 2007 Feb:55(6);2129-2135<br></p>

<p>Applications Antibiotic for treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, inhibits mycolic acid biosynthesis. Metabolized by hepatic N-acetyltransferase (NAT) and cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) to form hepatotoxins. Selectively induces expression of CYP2E1. Reversibly inhibits CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 activities, and mechanistically inactivates CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 at clinically relevant concentrations. Antibacterial (tuberculostatic).<br>References Brewer, G.A., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 6, 183 (1977), Weber, W.W., et al.: Clin. Pharmacokinet., 4, 401 (1979)<br></p>

<p>Applications Deuterated Ketoconazole, an inhibitor of cytochrome P-450 dependent steps in the biosynthesis of steroid hormones in vivo. Antimetastatic and antineoplastic activity. Orally active 5-lipoxygenase and thromboxane synthase inhibitor.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Lambert, A., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 35, 3999 (1986), Van Wauwe, J.P. and Janssen, P.A.J., J. Med. Chem., 32, 2231 (1989), Nardone, P.A., et al.: . Surg. Res., 44, 425 (1988), Tucker, W.F.G., et al.: Br. Med. J., 293, 882 (1986)<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Amisulpride N-Oxide (A633265). Amisulpride N-Oxide is an impurity of Amisulpride (A633250). Amisulpride N-Oxide was identified as a photodegradation product of Amisulpride.<br>References Moulin, A., et al.: Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharmcokinet., 3, 507 (1991), Chatterjee, B., et al.: J. Biotechnol., 3, 235 (2008), Breier, A., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 46, 250 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Bisoprolol Carboxylic Acid Impurity<br>Applications The major metabolite of Bisoprolol (B510500).<br>References Heberer, T., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 131, 5 (2002), Boxall, A., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 368A (2004), Huschek, G., et al.: Environ. Toxicol., 19, 226 (2004), Larsen, T., et al.: J. Biotechnol., 113, 295 (2004)<br></p>

<p>Applications (S)-2-Aminobutanoic Acid Hydrochloride is an intermediate in the synthesis of Levetiracetam (L331500), which is used as an anticonvulsant.<br>References Gower, A.J., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 222, 193 (1992); Kasteleijn-Noist Trenite, D.G.A., et al.: Epilepsy Res., 25, 225 (1996); Patsalos, P.N., et al.: Pharmacol. Ther., 85, 77 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Applications L-Lysine Clonixinate is a non-morphinic andalgesic.<br>References Krymchantowski, A., et al.: Curr. Ther. Res., 64, 505 (2003), Di Girolamo, G., et al.: Brit. J. Pharmacol., 141, 1234 (2004),<br></p>