Steroids and Derivatives

<p>Applications A labelled metabolite of Cholesterol (C432501).<br>References Marx, J., et al.: Science, 294, 508 (2001), Plosch, T., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 277, 33870 (2002), Lund, E., et al.: J .Biol. Chem., 278, 22980 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Impurity USP Exemestane Related Compound A<br>Applications 1,2-Dihydro Exemestane is a related compound of Exemestane (E957000).<br>References Johannessen, D., et al.: Clin. Cancer Res., 3, 1101 (1997), Kaufmann, M., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 18, 1399 (2000), Coombes, R., et al.: Lancet, 369, 559 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications 4β-Hydroxy Cholesterol-d7 is a labelled metabolite of Cholesterol. It is formed from Cholesterol by the drug-metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P 450 3A4. A potential ligand for the nuclear receptor LXR and also a new endogenous CYP3A marker.<br>References Breuer, O., et al.: J. Lipid Res., 36, 2275 (1995), Pikuleva, I., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 273, 18153 (1998), Chawla, A., et al.: Science, 294, 1866 (2001), Bodin, K., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 276, 38685 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Etiocholanolone.<br>References Eriksson, H., et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 15, 132 (1970), Cook, D., et al.: Endocrinology, 93, 1019 (1973),<br></p>

<p>Applications Estrone Enol Diacetate can be applied as a substrate for human paroxonases. A steroid with potential to be inhibitor of NADH-oxidase and succinate oxidase.<br>References Teiber, J. et al.: Arch. Biochem. Bioiphys. 461, 24 (2007); Stoppani, A. et al.: Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 127, 463 (1968)<br></p>

<p>Applications Alphadolone or Alfadolone (INN) is a neuroactive steroid with hypnotic effects. Alphadolone is one of the components of Althesin.<br>References Harrison, N., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 241, 346 (1987), Serrao, J., et al.: Anesthesiology, 70, 780 (1989), Mistry, D., et al.: Exp. Physiol., 75, 199 (1900),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Estradiol. It is an estrogenic steroid synthesized exclusively by the fetal liver during human pregnancy and reaching the maternal circulation through the placenta.<br>References Gurpide, E., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol., 26, 1355 (1966), Hagen, A., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol., 30, 763 (1970), Schollberg, K., et al.: Exp. Clin. Endocrinol., 85, 204 (1985), Coelingh Bennink, H., et al.: Contraception, 77, 186 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications A synthetic, nonsteroidal estrogen.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Al-Badr, A.A., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 19, 145 (1990),<br></p>

<p>Applications (5α)-Pregnane-3,20-dione exerts neuroprotective effects in chronic autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The neuroactivity of the steroid acts as a therapeutic agent for multiple sclerosis.<br>References Caruso, D. et al.: J. Neuroendocrinol., 24, 851 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Estrone sulfate sodium, an inactive estrogen ester, transforms into estrone via steroid sulfatase. It's studied for targeting polypeptide transporters.</p>

<p>Applications A labelled progestogen with low androgenic potency.<br>References Viinikka, L., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 15, 349 (1979), Bergink, E.W., et al.: J. Steroid Biochem., 14, 175 (1981)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Megestrol Acetate EP Impurity H<br>Applications (2α)-Methyl Megestrol Acetate (Megestrol Acetate EP Impurity H) is a related impurity in Megestrol acetate (M208050).<br>References Schneider, F., et al.: Helv. Chim. Acta, 56, 2396 (1973), Aisner, J., et al.: Semin. Oncol., 15, 68 (1988), Krischenowski, D., et al.: Steroids, 58, 278 (1993), Bratoeff, E., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 51, 1132 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Betamethasone Dipropionate EP Impurity D<br>Applications Betamethasone 21-acetate-17-propionate (Betamethasone Dipropionate EP Impurity D) is a related compound of Betamethasone dipropionate (B327005).<br>References Grootveld, M., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 37, 271 (1988), Chen, B., et al.: Steriods, 74, 30 (2009), Mikami, E., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 28, 261 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Applications It is a potent and tissue-selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) used as antiosteoporotic agent.<br>References Samnegard, E., et al.: Bone, 28, 414 (2001), Hanada, K., et al.: Biol. Pharm. Bull., 26, 1563 (2003), Kearbey, J., et al.: Xenobiotica, 34, 273 (2004), Kearbey, J., et al.: Xenobiotica, 34, 273 (2004), Kearbey, J., et al.: Pharm. Res., 24, 328 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications Pregnenolone-d4, is the labeled analogue of the Pregnenolone (P712200), which is a steroid hormone involved in the steroidogenesis of progesterone, mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, androgens, and estrogens.<br>References Bjondahl, K., et al.: Med. Biol., 54, 454 (1976), Geick, A., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 276, 14581 (2001), Johnson, D., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 66, 16 (2002), Abe, C., et al.: Lipids, 42, 637 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Dexamethasone 21-Phosphate Dimer is a derivative of Dexamethasone (D298800), a glucocorticoid used as an anti-inflammatory agent. Dexamethasone regulates T cell survival, growth, and differentiation. Dexamethasone inhibits the induction of nitric oxide synthase.<br>References Wershil, B.K., et al.: Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol., 107, 323 (1995), Riccardi, C., et al.: Cell Death Diff., 6, 1182 (1999), Llanos, S.L. and Roldan, A.: Bio Cell, 23, 29 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Applications ∆4-Tibolone derivative. A potential impurity of ∆4-Tibolone (T437505).<br>References Grunwell, J.F., et al.: Steroids, 27, 759 (1976),<br></p>

<p>Applications Dexamethasone Sodium Sulfobenzoate is related to Dexamethasone (D298800) a steroid that regulates T cell survival, growth, and differentiation.<br>References Wershil, B.K., et al.: Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol., 107, 323 (1995); Riccardi, C., et al.: Cell Death Diff., 6, 1182 (1999); Llanos, S.L. and Roldan, A.: Bio Cell, 23, 29 (1999);<br></p>

<p>Applications Testosterone 17-Hexahydrobenzoate is a metabolite of testosterone (T155000), which is used in biological studies to determine the hemolytic and lipophilic activity of this anabolic steroid.<br>References Biagi, G.L., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 13, 944 (1970); Biagi, G. L., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 18, 873 (1975)<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-[(5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-2-naphthalenyl)carbonyl]benzoic Acid is used in the preparation of pentamethylnaphthylmethylbenzoates as a selective retinoid X receptor ligands that induce apoptosis in leukemia cells.<br>References Boehm, M.F., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 38, 3146-55 (1995); Furmie, J.K., et al.: ChemMedChem, 7, 1551-66 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications Atorvastatin Derivative<br></p>

<p>Impurity Betamethasone Acetate EP Impurity D<br>Applications 9β,11β-Epoxy-17,21-dihydroxy-16β-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione 21-Acetate is an intermediate in the production of Betamethasone (B327000), which is a glucocorticoid used as an anti-inflammatory agent.<br>References Ferrante, M.G., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 6, 43 (1977), Li, A., et al.: Chem. Biol. Interact., 142, 7 (2002), Cruz-Monteagudo, M., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 40, 1030 (2005), Rothfuss, A., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 19, 1313 (2006)<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Diethylstilbestrol.<br>References Liehr, J.G., et al.: Steroids, 40, 713 (1982),<br></p>

<p>Applications 11β,21-dihydroxypregna-1,4,16-triene-3,20-dione is a derivative of Prednisolone (P703740) and an intermediate in the synthesis of isoxazolinopregnadienes which exhibit anti-inflammatory activity.<br>References Khalil, M.A., et al.: Med. Chem. Res., 6, 52 (1996); Kwon, T., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 38, 1048 (1995)<br></p>

<p>Applications An endogenous estrogen metabolite, risk-factor for development of breast cancer.<br>References Beral, V., et al.: Lancet, 362, 419 (2003), Nelson, R., et al.: Clin. Chem., 50, 373 (2004), Malekinejad, H., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 54, 9785 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled metabolite of Pregnenolone (P712200).<br>References Kramer, R., et al.: J. Steroid Biochemi., 18, 715 (1983), Hiwatashi, A., et al.: J. Biochem., 98, 619 (1985), Eiichi, T., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Sci., 95, 140 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Desoxymetasone (D296970).<br>References Schriks, M., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 4766 (2010), Baeck, M., et al.: Eur. J. Dermatol., 20, 102 (2010), Lee, P., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 20, 69 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications An 5,6-trans isomeric impurity of the selective FP prostaglandin receptor agonist Travoprost (T715600).<br></p>

<p>Applications A synthetic diethyl-ether of Estradiol with no distal hormonal effects, in patients undergoing surgical correction for stress urinary incontinence (SUI).<br>References Kelleher, C., et al.: Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol., 104, 1374 (1997), Deffieux, X., et al.: J. Gynecol. Obstet. Biol. Reprod., 35, 678 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Latanoprost USP Related Compound A<br>Stability Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications Prostaglandin analog; prodrug of active acid metabolite. It is a synthetic derivative of the natural prostaglandin PGF2α, used as an anti-glaucoma agent that is effective in various types of glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Latanoprost USP Related Compound A.<br>References Resul, B., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 36, 2242 (1993), Toris, C., et al.: Ophthalmology, 100, 1297 (1993), Holmstrom, S., et al.: Curr. Med. Res. Op., 21, 1875 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Dihydro Dutasteride is an impurity arose during the process development of Dutasteride (D735000).<br>References Solomons, W., et al.: J. Pharma. Sci., 63, 19 (1974), Rasmusson, G., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 29, 2298 (1986),<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled metabolite of Norgestimate.<br>References Phillips, A., et al.: Steroids, 55, 373 (1990)<br></p>

<p>Applications (Z)-Guggulsterone acts as an α-glucosidase inhibitor also known as a hypolipidemic agent.<br>References Yang, D. et al.: J. Lipid Res., 53, 529 (2012); El-Mekkawy, S. et al.: Nat. Prod. Res., 27, 146 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Betamethasone EP Impurity C<br>Applications (16β)-17,21-Dihydroxy-16β-methyl-pregna-1,4,9(11)-triene-3,20-dione (Betamethasone EP Impurity C) is used in biological studies to perform preclinical characterization of VBP15, a novel anti-inflammatory delta 9,11 steroid. This compound is also used in analytical studies to determine the stability from reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) to separate low levels of dexamethasone and other related compounds from betametasone, which is an active pharmaceutical ingredient.<br>References Reeves, E.K.M., et al.: Bioorg., Med. Chem., 21, 2241 (2013), Xiong, Y., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 49, 646 (2009)<br></p>

<p>Applications Nortestosterone derivative. Often found as an impurity in Dienogest (D441870).<br></p>

<p>Applications A potent inhibitor of estrone sulfatase. Inhibits estrone sulfatase &gt;99% at 0.1uM in intact MCF-7 cells, IC50=65pM.<br>References Woo, L.W., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 41, 1068 (1998)<br></p>

<p>Applications Testosterone (T155000) derivative. It is a potent androgen with anabolic properties. Since the begining of the year 2005, the use of steroid precursors (prohormones) is illegal in the United States. Controlled substance.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Liao, S., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 248, 6154 (1973), Saartok, T., et al.: Endocrinology, 114, 2100 (1984), Sugawara, T., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 278, 42487 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Metabolite of Testosterone (T155000).<br>References Shibata, N., et al.: Biochem. J., 368, 783 (2002), Sonneveld, E., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 83, 136 (2005), Schulze, J., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 93, 2500 (2008), Sten, T., et al.: Drug<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Mifepristone.<br>References Heikinheimo, O., et al.: J. Steroid Biochem., 26, 279 (1987), Brogden, R., et al.: Drugs, 45, 384 (1993), Shi, Y., et al.: Contraception, 48, 133 (1993), Jang, G., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 52, 753 (1996), Gainer, E., et al.: Steroids, 68, 1005 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Betamethasone Valerate EP Impurity E<br>Applications Betamethasone 21-Valerate (Betamethasone Valerate EP Impurity E) is an isomeric impurity of Betamethasone 17-Valerate (B327075), as an corticosteroid. Betamethasone 21-Valerate was generated in the stress study of the active drug Betamethasone 17-Valerate (B327075).<br>References Caron, J.C., et al.: J. Pharmaceut. Sci., 73, 1703 (1984); Stouch, T.R., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 29, 2125 (1986);<br></p>

<p>Applications Estradiol derivative which shows antioxidant activity.<br>References Fotsis, T., et al.: J. Steroid. Biochem., 28, 215 (1987), Sack, M., et al.: Lancet, 343, 269 (1994), Brunelli, R., et al.: Biochemistry, 39, 13897 (2000), Li, A., et al.: Nat. Med., 8, 1235 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Applications The major metabolite of the progestational agent Norgestrel (N689500).<br>References DeJongh, D.C. et al.: Steroids, 11, 649 (1968); Uniyal, J.P. et al.: Acta Endocrinol., 84, 155 (1977); Sisenwine, S.F. et al.: Drug Metab. Disp., 7, 1 (1979);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Spironolactone EP Impurity E<br>Applications 7β-Spironolactone (Spironolactone EP Impurity E) is the 7β-isomer of Spironolactone (S683000). It binds effectively to human plasma proteins.<br>References Chien, Y.W. et al.: J. Pharmac. Sci., 65, 1337 (1976);<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Etonogestrel.<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled metabolite of Estradiol (E888000).<br>References Marrian, B., et al.: Biochem. J., 59, 136 (1955), Dietel, M., et al.: Cancer Res., 50, 6100 (1990), Schumacher, G., et al.: Clin. Cancer Res., 5, 493 (1999), Robert, J., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 46, 4805 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Eplerenone. Used in combination therapy for treatment of cardiovascular disorders.<br>References Staessen, J., et al.: J. Endocrinol., 91, 457 (1981), de Gasparo, M., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 240, 650 (1987), MacFadyen, R., et al.: Cardiovasc. Res., 35, 30 (1997),<br></p>

<p>Applications Testosterone 17-Decanoate, is an ester of Testosterone (T155000). Testosterone 17-Decanoate, can be used as a potential long-acting male contraceptive, with the combination of subcutaneous etonogestrel implants .<br>References Brady, B. M., et al.: Human Reproduction, 21 (1), 285 (2006); Themmen, A., et al.: Endocr. Rev. 21, 551 (2000);<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Equilin (E592800).<br>References Enmark, E., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 82, 4258 (1997), Wang, Z., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 43, 2419 (2000), Jiang, X., et al.: Steroids, 71, 334 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications Topical corticosteroid. Glucocorticoid; anti-inflammatory.<br>References Olsen, E.A., et al.: J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., 15, 246 (1986),<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Hydroxyatorvastatin is a hydroxylated metabolite of Atorvastatin, a selective, competitive HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. Atorvastatin is the only drug in its class specfically indicated for lowering both elevated LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides in patients with hypercholesterolemia.<br>References Smith, S. et al.: Am. J. Cardiol., 80, 10H (1997); Jacobsen, W. et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 28, 1369 (2000); Istvan, E. et al.: Science, 292, 1160 (2001); Tabernero, L. et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 278, 19933 (2003); Bratton, L. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 15, 5576 (2007);<br></p>

<p>Applications 9-Desfluoro-11-dehydroxy-9(11)-ene Triamcinolone Acetonide is an impurity of Triamcinolone Acetonide (T767165) which is an antiasthmatic (inhalant) and antiallergic (nasal).<br>References Florey, K., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 1, 397 (1972), Bernstein, I.L., et al.: Chest, 81, 20 (1982),<br></p>

<p>Applications Equilenin is a naturally occuring estrogenic steroidal hormone (1,2) isolated from urine of pregnant mares (3). Not found in human urine. Component of conjugated estrogenic hormones. Estrogen. This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs). Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), environmental, and food contaminants.<br>References 1. Corbellini, A. et L.: Farmaco Sci. 1964 Nov;19:913-22.2. Stein, R. et al.: Tetrahedron 1970 Apr;26(8):1917-33.3. Nett, T. et al.: J. Reprod. Fertil. Suppl. 1975 Oct;(23):457-62.<br></p>

<p>Applications Isotope labelled Estrone (E889050), which is a metabolite of 17β-Estradiol (E888000). During the metabolism, it is in rapid equilibrium with Estriol (E888960) and 17β-Estradiol (E888000) (1). Causes the feminization of male fish at human and animal waste sites (2).Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), environmental, and food contaminants.<br>References 1. Both, D. et al.: Anal. Prof. Drug Subst. 1983 12 pp135-1892. Goodman-Gruen, D. et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1996 Aug;81(8):2999-3003.<br></p>

<p>Impurity Prednicarbate USP Related Compound A<br>Applications 1,2-Dihydro Prednicarbate is a related compound of Prednicarbate (P703700). Prednicarbate related compound A. Prednicarbate USP Related Compound A.<br>References Conolly, et al.: J. Chem. Soc., 828 (1937),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Testosterone (T155000). It is a promising androgen for male hormonal contraception.CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE<br>References Glass, A., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 45, 1211 (1977), Behre, H., et al.: Eur. J. Endocrinol., 140, 414 (1999), Nieschlag, E., et al.: Steroids, 68, 965 (2003), Wang, C., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 91, 460 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Cholesterol. Its membrane organizing properties could have implications in Altzheimer’s disease.<br>References Wang, J., et al.: Biochemistry, 43, 1010 (2004), Lemaire-Ewing, S., et al.: Cell Biol. Toxicol., 21, 97 (2005), Fuda, H., et al.: J. Lipid Res., 48, 1343 ( 2007), Sasaki, H., et al.: Metabolism, 56, 357 (2007); S.L. Regen et al.: J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 131, 12354 (2009)<br></p>

<p>Applications 17-Hydroxy Pregnenolone, is a metabolite of Pregnenolone (P712200).<br>References Kramer, R., et al.: J. Steroid Biochemi., 18, 715 (1983), Hiwatashi, A., et al.: J. Biochem., 98, 619 (1985), Eiichi, T., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Sci., 95, 140 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications Dexamethasone 21-Mesylate is a derivative of Dexamethasone (D298800), a glucocorticoid used as an anti-inflammatory agent.<br>References Kim, T.H., et al.: J. Nanosci. Nanotech., 13, 7325 (2013); Joshi, T., et al.: Brit. J. Pharmacol., 172, 1360 (2015);<br></p>

<p>Applications A degradation and metabolic intermediate of Dexamethasone (D298800). A Dexamethasone enol aldehyde as inflammation inhibitor.<br>References Weiss, G., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 43, 696 (1976), Hirschmann R., et al.: Steroids, 57, 579 (1992),<br></p>

<p>Applications (7α,17α)- 9,17-Dihydroxy-3-oxo-pregn-4-ene-7,21-dicarboxylic Acid Di-γ-lactone is an eplerenone (E588775) impurity. Eplerenone is a selective aldosterone receptor antagonist (SARA), structurally similar to Spiranolactone. Eplerenone is used alone or in combination with other medications to treat high blood pressure. Eplerenone is in a class of medications called mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. It works by blocking the action of aldosterone, a natural substance in the body that raises blood pressure.<br>References de Gasparo, M., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 240, 650 (1987), Delyani, J.A., et al.: Cardiovasc. Drug Rev., 19, 185 (2001), Burgess, E., et al.: Expert. Opin. Pharmacother., 5, 2573 (2004), Ravis, W.R., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 45, 810 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Medroxyprogesterone Acetate USP Related Compound B<br>Applications An orally active progestogen used in hormone replacement therepy (HRT), in the past has been used as a component of oral contraceptives.SMedroxyprogesterone Acetate USP Related Compound B.<br>References Pan, Q., et al.: Mol. Hum. Reprod., 13, 797 (2007), Matsson, P., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 323, 19 (2007), Jukosky, J.A., et al.: Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 81, 230 (2008), Cherkasov, A., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 51, 2047 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications Estrogen; antineoplastic (hormonal).<br>References Aboul-Enein, H.Y., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 11, 347 (1982),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Ethinylestradiol EP Impurity A<br>Applications 17-epi-Ethynyl Estradiol (Ethinylestradiol EP Impurity A) is the epimer derivative of Ethynyl Estradiol (E685100). An impurity.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Pomper, M., et al: J. Med. Chem., 33, 3143 (1990), Vulliet, E., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 387, 2143 (2007), Muller, M., et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 27, 1649 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications Dexamethasone-biotin is biotin labelled Dexamethasone. Dexamethasone is a glucocorticoid used as an anti-inflammatory agent. Dexamethasone regulates T cell survival, growth, and differentiation. Dexamethasone inhibits the induction of nitric oxide synthase.<br>References Wershil, B.K., et al.: Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol., 107, 323 (1995), Riccardi, C., et al.: Cell Death Diff., 6, 1182 (1999), Llanos, S.L. and Roldan, A.: Bio Cell, 23, 29 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications 3β-Hydroxydesogestrel is a metabolite of Desogestrel (D296875), a progestogen with low androgenic potency.<br>References Viinikka, L., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 15, 349 (1979), Bergink, E.W., et al.: J. Steroid Biochem., 14, 175 (1981)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Ethinylestradiol EP Impurity D<br>Applications 17b-Estradiol is the major estrogen (1) secreted by the premenopausal ovary (2).This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs). Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), environmental, and food contaminants.<br>References 1. Salole, E. et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs. 1986 15, 23 283-3182. Lievertz, R. et al.: Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1987 May;156(5):1289-93.<br></p>

<p>Applications 5β-Pregnane-3α,20α-diol is a metabolite of Progesterone (P755900).<br>References Beall, et al.: Biochem. J., 31, 35 (1937), Okuda, A., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 259, 7519 (1984), Russell, D., et al.: Biochemistry, 31, 4737 (1992), Kondo, K., et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 219, 357 (1994), Westerbacka, J., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 88, 4924 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Applications Isotope labelled intermediate in the synthesis of Dexamethasone (D298800), a glucocorticoid anti-inflammatory agent.<br>References Liu, Y., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 395, 591 (2009), Rodgers, A., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 23, 724 (2010), Gohil, V., et al.: Nat. Biotechnol., 28, 249 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications An antineoplastic (hormonal).<br>References Giudici, D., et al.: J. Steroid Biochem., 30, 391 (1988), Evans, T.R.J., et al.: Cancer Res., 52, 5933 (1992), Zilembo, N., et al.: Brit. J. Cancer, 72, 1007 (1995)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Budesonide EP Impurity B<br>Applications Di-Norbudesonide (Budesonide EP Impurity B) is an impurity of Budesonide (B689490), an antiinflammatory agent.<br></p>

<p>Impurity Clobetasol Propionate EP Impurity A / Betamethasone Dipropionate EP Impurity B<br>Applications Betamethasone 17-Propionate (Clobetasol Propionate EP Impurity A) is a degradation product of Betamethasone. Glucocorticoid.<br>References Andersson, P., et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 36, 763 (1984), Wurthwein, G., et al.: Biopharm. Drug Dispos., 11, 381 (1990), Samtani, M., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 93, 726 (2004), Samtani, M., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 33, 1124 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Fluorometholone is a glucocorticoid; anti-inflammatory.<br>References Kupferman, A., et al.: Arch. Ophthlmol., 640, 100 (1982), Tokunaga H., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 32, 4012 (1984),<br></p>

<p>Applications Estradiol (E888000) derivative. An estrogen.<br>References Salole, E.G., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 15, 283 (1986), Lievertz, R.W., et al.: Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 156, 1289 (1987),<br></p>

<p>Applications 6β-Hydroxy-11-deoxycortisol is a corticosteroid which is a metabolite of Cortisol (H714615), a steroid hormone, more specifically a glucocorticoid, produced by the zona fasciculata of the adrenal gland. Cortisol is released in response to stress and a low level of blood glucocorticoids.<br>References Vigore, L., et al.: Cancer Ther., 6, 699 (2008), Puurunen, J., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 94, 1973 (2009), Lemos, D., et al.: J. Endocrinol., 201, 275 (2009), Chen, S., et al.: Am. J. Physiol., 296 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications Dutasteride β-Dimer is a dimer impurity of Dutasteride (D735000); a dual inhibitor of 5α-reductase isoenzymes type 1 and 2. Dutasteride is structurally related to Finasteride (F342000) and is used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.<br>References Bakshi, R.K., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 38, 3189 (1995); Gisleskog, P.O., et al.: Brit. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 47, 53 (1999); Djavan, B., et al.: Expert Opin. Pharmacother., 6, 311 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Cortisol (H714615). Cortisol, or Hydrocortisone, is a steroid hormone, more specifically a glucocorticoid, produced by the zona fasciculata of the adrenal gland. Cortisol is released in response to stress and a low level of blood glucocorticoids. Its primary functions are to increase blood sugar through gluconeogenesis; suppress the immune system; and aid in fat, protein and carbohydrate metabolism.<br>References Hechter, O., et al.: Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 25, 457 (1950), Colingsworth, D.R., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 203, 807 (1953), Florey, K., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 12, 277 (1983),<br></p>

<p>Applications Lynestrenol is an orally available progestogen hormone used in contraception to avoid hereditary angiodema as well as in treatment of ischemic stroke.<br>References Saule, C. et al.: Clin. Exp. Allergy, 43, 475 (2013); Beraki, S. et al.: PLoS One., 8, e69233 (2013);<br></p>