Nucleosides and Nucleotides

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications 5-Methylcytidine is a derivative of Cytidine (C998300), found in ribonucleic acids of animals, plants and bacteria. 5-Methylcytidine is a nucleoside found in liver emulsion that can inhibit the growth of spontaneous tumors of mammary gland origin in mice. 5-Methylcytidine is one of many nucleosides that can be used as biomedical marker using liquid chromatography and ion trap mass spectrometry coupling.
References Kammerer, B., et al.: Anal. Biol. Chem., 382, 1017 (2005); Strong, L. and Matsunaga, H.: J. Surg. Oncol., 4, 528 (1972)

Impurity Valaciclovir EP Impurity C
Applications 2-[(2-Amino-1,6-dihydro-6-oxo-9H-purin-9-yl)methoxy]ethylester N-Methyl-L-Valine (Valaciclovir EP Impurity C) is a useful building block in the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals. Is used in preparation of N-Alkyl Valaciclovir compounds and intermediates thereof.
References Pu, T., et al.: Faming Zhuanli Shenqing, (2013);

Applications The calcium salt of L-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid which belongs to the group of folate vitamins (Vitamin B9, Folacin). It is a coenzymated form of folic acid.
References Prinz-Langhebohi, R.: et al., Br. J. Pharmac., 158, 2014 (2009); Wright, A. et al.: Brit, J. Nutrit., 103, 724 (2010);

Applications A metabolite of (-)-Emtricitabine (E525000).
References Schinazi, R.F., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 36, 2423 (1992); Shockeor, J.P., et al.: Xenobioica, 26, 189 (1996); Feng, J.Y., et al.: FASEB J., 13, 1511 (1999); Molina, J.-M., et al.: J. Infec. Dis., 182, 599 (2000);

Impurity Fluorouracil EP Impurity F
Applications Ethoxy-5-fluoro-4(3H)-pyrimidinone (Fluorouracil EP Impurity F) is a derivative of 5-fluorouracil (3C,15N2 labelled, F596002) which is a potent antineoplastic agent in clinical use.
References Rudy, B.C., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 2, 221 (1973), Miyashita, O., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 29, 3181 (1981), Hansen, R.M., et al.: Cancer Invest., 9, 637 (1991),

Stability Moisture Sensitive
Applications Melphalan Hydrochloride is used in combined intravitreal chemotherapy with topotecan hydrochloride for viable vitreous seeding from retinoblastoma. Also, it is an anti-cancer chemotherapy drug.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Ghassemi, F., et al.: JAMA Ophthalmol., 132, 936-941 (2014); Gao, L. P., et al.: Adv. Mater. Res., 781-784, 993-998 (2013);

Impurity Dapagliflozin Impurity
Applications Ent-α-C Dapagliflozin is an enantiomer of Dapagliflozin (D185370), a sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitor.
References Kasichayanula, S. et al.: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 13, 47 (2011)

Applications Nootropic. Analog of Piracetam with psychostimulant activity.
References Son, J., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 36, 657 (2004), Hlinak, Z., et al.: Behaviour. Brain Res., 161, 213 (2005),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Adenine Hemisulfate can be one of the factors that influence in vitro growth and shoot multiplication of pomegranate. It can be used in biological study along with varied levels of sucrose, light intensity, and MS medium hydrogen ion concentration where those factors can all significantly influence multiplication and growth of Punica granatum shoots.
References Singh, P., & Patel, R., M.: Bioscan, 9, 1031-1035 (2014)

Stability Unstable in Solution
Applications Methyl p-toluate is an impurity of 3-Toluoyl Decitabine (T536260), which is an intermediate of decitabine (A796950 for β-Decitabine). It is used as cancer treatment, in particular to inhibit the growth of pancreatic endocrine tumor cell lines.
References Deng, T., et al.: Life Sci., 84, 311 (2009), Horne, H., et al.: Mol. Cancer Res., 7, 199 (2009), Zinner, R., et al.: Mol. Cancer Ther., 8, 521 (2009),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Adenosine 5'-diphosphate monosodium salt (cas# 20398-34-9) is a useful research chemical.

Applications A receptor adenine derivative binding membrane brain animal cell line.
References Camaioni, E., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 6, 523 (1998), Kelly, M., et al.: Br. J. Pharmacol., 125, 979 (1998), Redzic, Z., et al.: Brain Res., 888, 66 (2001), Levy, D., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 46, 2177 (2003),

Applications Acyclovir (A192400) is the parent compound for 8-Hydroxyacyclovir. Acyclovir (ACV), an anti-virus drug, was widely detected in natural water at concns. . ranging from ng L-1 to μg L-1 due to inefficient biol. treatments in sewage treatment plant.
References Zhang, Q., et al.: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 320, 823 (2019);

Applications A novel labelled HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor useful in treatment of HIV infection.
References Scholler-Gyure, M., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 48, 322 (2008), Thakur, A., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 43, 471 (2008),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications A metabolite of 6-Mercaptopurine.
References Parker, W., et al.: Cancer Res., 51, 2386 (1991) , Munagala, N., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 275, 37072 (2000), Guddat, L., et al.: Protein Sci., 11, 1626 (2002), Pinkel, D., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 11, 1826 (1993), Tripathy, D., et al.: Oncologist, 12, 375 (2007),

Applications Dapagliflozin Keto Impurity is an impurity of Dapagliflozin (D185370), a sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitor.
References Kasichayanula, S., et al.: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 13, 47 (2011);

Applications Open ring Dapagliflozin. Dapagliflozin (D185370) impurity.

Applications Inhibitor of enzyme. It is used for Phosphodiesterase Substrate.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Preuss, C.V., Biochem. Pharmacol., 51, 1661 (1996),

Applications Cladribine 5’-Monophosphate Ammonium Salt can be used as an antiviral, antibacterial and antileukemic agent.
References Cook, P., et al.: U.S., US 4719295 A 19880112 (1988);

Applications N-​[2-​(Methylthio)​ethyl]​-​2-​[(3,​3,​3-​trifluoropropyl)​thio]​-adenosine is used for developing platelet P2T receptor antagonists, which have potential applications for antithrombotic therapy.
References Ingall, A. H., et al.: J. Med. Chem. 42, 213 (1999)

Applications A useful intermediate for chemical modifications of base and sugar moieties in natural nucleosides.
References Sashaki, T., et al.: J. Org. Chem., 40(1), 106 (1975)

Stability Light Sensitive - Protect from Light Exposure
Applications Fenretinide (4-HPR) is a synthetic retinoid deriverative. 4-HBR is shown to exhibit binding to the retinoic acid receptors (RAR) at concentrations necessary to induce cell death.A synthetic analog of Vitamin A.
References Marth, C., et al.:J. Nat. Cancer Inst., 75, 871 (1985), Delia, D., et al.: Cancer Res., 53, 6036 (1993), Costa., A., et al.: Cancer Res., 54, Suppl., 2032s (1994), Decensi., A., et al.: Eur. J. Cancer Prev., 3, 377 (1994)

Applications A vitamin needed to synthesize DNA, conduct DNA repair and methylate DNA, it also acts as a cofactor in biological reactions involving folate.
References Xu, L., et al.: Mol. Pharm., 7, 1311 (2010), Everette, J., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 8139 (2010), Alshatwi, A., et al.: Food, Chem., Toxicol., 48, 1881 (2010), McKay, D., et al.: Nut. J., 9 (2010),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications A potent adenosine receptor agonist. Inhibits platelet aggregation and is centrally active in vivo.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Cusack and Hourani: Br. J. Pharmacol., 72, 433 (1981), Knapp, et al.: Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 68, 797 (2001)

Applications Intermediate in the synthesis of ent-Emtricitabine (E525005).

Applications 1R-Dapagliflozin is an isomer of Dapagliflozin (D185370), which is a sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitor.
References Kasichayanula, S. et al.: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 13, 47 (2011)

Applications A metabolite of Famciclovir, an antiviral.
References Harnden, M.R., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 32, 1738 (1989)

Applications N-Methyltetrahydrofolic acid (cas# 134-35-0) is a useful research chemical.

Applications A labelled metabolite of Capecitabine.

Applications A metabolite of Capecitabine.
References Arellano, M., ET AL.: Br. J. Cancer, 77, 79 (1998), Budman, D., ET AL.: J. Clin. Oncol., 16, 1795 (1998), Khanna, R., et al.: Cancer Res., 60, 4725 (2000), Charasson, V., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 30, 731 (2002),

Applications Canagliflozin 2-glucuronide is a derivative of Canagliflozin (C175190). Canagliflozin is a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor that is used to treat patients with type 2 diabetes. Canagliflozin lowers blood glucose by increasing the amount of glucose that exits the body through urinary excretion.
References Devineni, D., et al.: Diab. Obes. Metab., 14, 539 (2012); Nicolle, L., et al.: Curr. Med. Res. Opin., 28, 1167 (2012)

Applications An oral antiviral drug used in the treatment of hepatitis B infection. A guanine analogue that inhhibits all three steps in the viral replication process.
References Innaimo, S.F., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 41, 1444 (1997), Honkoop, P., et al.: Expert Opin. Invest. Drugs, 12, 683 (2003), Chang, T.-T., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 354, 1001 (2006),

Impurity Fluorouracil EP Impurity A
Applications Barbituric Acid (Fluorouracil EP Impurity A) is a parent compound of barbiturate drugs. Unsubstituted barbituric acid has no hypnotic properties.
References Luo, Y., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 53, 3846 (2010), Tomasic, T., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 45, 1667 (2010), Gilbert, A., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 20, 636 (2010),

Applications Nitrogen 15 labelled analogue of Adenosine (A280400), a purine nucleoside that plays an important role in various biochemical processes.
References Long, X., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exper. Ther., 335, 781 (2010); Ham, M., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exper. Ther., 335, 607 (2010)

Folinic acid (Leucovorin) is a biofolic acid that can be used in the treatment of methotrexate, often in combination with Methotrexate (MTX) to reduce MTX-

Applications Favipiravir is used for the treatment of advanced Ebola virus infection in a small animal model. Favipiravir suppressed the replication of Zaire Ebola virus and prevented a lethal outcome in 100% of the animals. Based on the studies, Favipiravir can be a candidate for the treatment of Ebola hemorrhagic fever. It is a COVID19-related research product.
References Oestereich, L., et al.: Antiviral Res., 105, 17 (2014); Baranovich, T., et al.: J. Virol. 87, 3741 (2013); Chem. and Eng. News p.8, Dec. 1 (2014)

Applications D-Menthol is used for oral gel patch or film containing herb extracts or Chinese medicine, fruit extract, spearmint, and menthol for smoking cessation.
References Ikaheimo, I., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 46, 287 (2000), Gillet, Y., et al.: Lancet, 359, 753 (2002), Turos, E., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2002, 12, 2229 (2002),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications A tryptamine derivative, a neurotransmitter agonist.
References Creveling, C. R., et al.: Mol. Pharmacol., 11, 211 (1975),