Immunology and Inflammation

Galectin-8-IN-2 (Compound 10) acts as an inhibitor of galectin-8N [1].

Fentiazac (BR-700) is an oral NSAID for pain, inflammation, fever, studied for arthritis and tendonitis.

Aβ-IN-6 is an orally active compound exhibiting anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-oligomeric activities, with significant implications for Alzheimer's

PSB-24000 (Compound 27) is a selective ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) inhibitor with a Ki value of 563 nM for inhibiting human CD73, and a Ki of 481 nM in membrane-bound CD73 in triple-negative breast cancer cells. It disrupts CD73’s recognition and action on substrate AMP, preventing AMP-induced immunosuppressive and pro-cancer adenosine production. PSB-24000 is promising for cancer research.

Keap1/Nrf2/ARE activator 1 (compound HT-3) functions as an activator of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway. This compound has antioxidant properties and offers neuroprotective effects.

M-5011: NSAID and immunomodulator for pain and inflammation; ED50 0.63mg/kg; reduces bone loss in arthritis; low ulcer risk.

Decamethylene glycol, a reagent for studying modified oligonucleotides with anticancer effects, is also researched in myrrh and frankincense oil composition.

N188 TFA is a radiolabeled ligand based on a bicyclic peptide scaffold, targeting the protein nectin-4, which is overexpressed in various tumors. It can be efficiently labeled with the radioactive isotope 68Ga to form 68Ga-N188, suitable for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. The development of N188 TFA and its radiolabeled form, 68Ga-N188, holds potential for the diagnosis and treatment of cancers such as urothelial carcinoma.

Spirohexenolide A is an inhibitor of human macrophage migration inhibitory factor (hMIF) with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 35.9 μM. It is employed in the study of cellular transport.

MUC1: Type I transmembrane glycoprotein, overexpressed and abnormally glycosylated in cancer, binds ICAM-1 domain 1.

CD73-IN-17 (compound 19) is an inhibitor of CD73 with an IC50 of 0.1 μM against hCD73. It is applicable in cancer research.

Compound Fr16621, with CAS No. 580-22-3, is a fragment molecule that serves as an important scaffold for molecular linking, expansion, and modification. Compound Fr16621 provides a structural basis and research tool for the design and screening of novel drug candidates, and is commonly used in drug discovery, drug synthesis, and related research.

Nrf2 activator 18 (Compound 11a) is an orally active activator of the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, promoting Nrf2 nuclear translocation and enhancing antioxidant effects. It inhibits IL-6 release with an IC50 of 4.816 μM. In a mouse model of PM2.5-induced lung injury, Nrf2 activator 18 demonstrates anti-inflammatory activity.

FGT-4 is a chimeric molecule targeting folate receptor β (FR-β) and functions as a TLR7 agonist. It enhances the secretion of iNOS and the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 associated with M1 macrophages and promotes the proliferation of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. FGT-4 demonstrates antitumor activity in the 4T1 breast cancer mouse model and is applicable for cancer immunotherapy research.

NOD2 agonist 1 (compound 3) is a potent NOD2 activator with an EC50 of 4.6 nM.

STING-IN-12 (compound Y2) acts as an inhibitor of STING. It suppresses IFNβ gene expression induced by SR717 with an IC50 of 0.75 μM. Additionally, STING-IN-12 inhibits STING pathway activation induced by the STING agonist SR717 in THP1 cells and by MSA-2 in mice.

Z-VRPR-FMK (TFA), a tetrapeptide, irreversibly inhibits MALT1, protecting against influenza A.

Neuroprotective agent 5 (compound 28) acts as a brain-penetrating agent with anti-neuroinflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties. It exhibits potent inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) with an EC50 of 0.49 μM and suppresses the release of pro-inflammatory mediators PGE2 and TNF-α. Additionally, it downregulates the expression of iNOS and COX-2 proteins, facilitating the polarization of BV-2 cells from a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype to an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Neuroprotective agent 5 also dose-dependently inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and the aggregation of Aβ42. This compound is useful for research into Alzheimer's disease.

IACS-8803 diammonium, a potent cyclic dinucleotide STING agonist, demonstrates robust systemic antitumor efficacy [1].

CDD-3290 (Compound 20) is an inhibitor of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) with a Ki value of 216 nM. This compound also exhibits inhibitory effects on α-chymotrypsin and elastase.

OATD-02 hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of OATD-02. It is an orally effective, competitive, reversible, and non-covalent dual inhibitor of Arginase1 and Arginase2. OATD-02 hydrochloride serves as a sustained-release inhibitor that efficiently blocks the activity of intracellular arginases, with IC50 values of 20 nM (hARG1), 39 nM (hARG2), 39 nM (mARG1), and 28 nM (rARG1). It effectively eliminates tumor-induced immunosuppression caused by both types of arginases. This compound is utilized in research studies on melanoma.

α-Glucosidase/NLRP3-IN-1 (Compound 8) acts as a dual inhibitor targeting both α-glucosidase and NLRP3. It features an IC50 value of 6.6 μM for α-glucosidase and inhibits NLRP3 across multiple cell lines at a concentration of 100 μM. This compound demonstrates neuroprotective and antidiabetic properties, making it suitable for related research.

IL-17A inhibitor 2 is an IL-17A inhibitor for treating psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis.

Nω-Propyl-L-arginine, a powerful and specific inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), effectively inhibits nNOS with a Ki of 57 nM.

MJ210 is an orally active and blood-brain barrier-permeable modulator of the NF-κB and MAPK pathways, exhibiting neuroprotective properties. In vitro, 5 μM MJ210 can increase the survival rate of rotenone-treated SH-SY5Y cells to 81.9% and reduce levels of ROS. In vivo, 5 mg/kg MJ210 improves motor dysfunction in rat models of Parkinson's disease. MJ210 is useful for research in neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease.

DCFBC is a low-molecular-weight radiotracer. It targets prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA).

NLRP3-IN-49 (compound Z48) is a potent and specific inhibitor of NLRP3, displaying IC50 values of 0.26 μM in THP-1 cells and 0.21 μM in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. It directly binds to the NLRP3 protein with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 1.05 μM, effectively preventing the assembly and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, thereby exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties. NLRP3-IN-49 is utilized in the research of inflammatory bowel disease.

DiABZI-4 is an orally active STING agonist that exhibits broad-spectrum antiviral activity. It functions by activating STING to induce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and activation of lymphocytes. This action inhibits the replication of Influenza A virus (IAV), SARS-CoV-2, and Human Rhinovirus (HRV), with an EC50 range of 11.8-199 nM.

Mifamurtide TFA: muramyl dipeptide analog, boosts immunity, activates macrophages/monocytes, potential osteosarcoma research.

PSMA-IN-2, an inhibitor of PSMA with a K i value of 1.07 nM, exhibits favorable in vivo NIR imaging (λ EM = 1088 nm, λ ex = 808 nm) and is useful for NIRII image-guided tumor resection surgery in PSMA-positive tumor-bearing mice [1].

Diprovocim-1: TLR1/2 agonist; triggers TNF-α in THP-1 cells; boosts ovalbumin IgG1 & CTLs against tumors with anti-PD-L1 in mice.

KTX-951, a PROTAC, degrades IRAK4 (DC50=18 nM), 22% oral bioavailability in rats, shows promise as anticancer agent.

NLRP3-IN-75 is an orally effective inhibitor of NLRP3, capable of suppressing IL-1β secretion with an IC50 of 23 nM. It selectively inhibits NLRP3 activation by disrupting inflammasome assembly without affecting the assembly of NLRC4 or AIM2 inflammasomes. NLRP3-IN-75 demonstrates excellent anti-inflammatory effects in models of acute peritonitis, diabetic nephropathy, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

FITC-labeled ODN 1018 (sodium), a TLR-9 agonist oligodeoxynucleotide, facilitates the assessment of CpG ODN cellular uptake and localization through confocal

Sericin is a globular protein isolated from silkworm cocoons. It has cognitive enhancement and pain-relieving properties. Additionally, Sericin serves as a cryoprotectant, potentially replacing fetal bovine serum or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). It helps reduce oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Sericin aids in wound repair by promoting collagen production and exhibits activities such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, anti-inflammatory, moisturizing, wound healing promotion, antibacterial, and antitumor effects.

DZ-837 is a PROTAC that targets the BCL6 protein. The composition of DZ-837 includes the BCL6 ligand-2, the E3 ubiquitin ligase ligand Thalidomide-4-OH, and a PROTAC Linker. The configuration notably features a conjugate of the E3 ubiquitin ligase ligand and the Linker, designated as 2-(2,6-Dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-4-((2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl)amino)isoindoline-1,3-dione.

Biotin-labeled ODN 1668 (sodium), a class B CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) and TLR9 agonist, facilitates the assessment of cellular uptake and localization of

N(G)-Nitroarginine-4-nitroanilide is an anti-nociceptive in mice.

DA-E 5090, an active metabolite of E 5090, inhibits IL-1 production in human monocytes.

COX-2/15-LOX-IN-3 (compound 5k) serves as a dual inhibitor for COX-2 and 15-LOX, demonstrating inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 0.075 μM and 1.97 μM,

2-(Phosphonooxy)benzoic acid (Fosfosal), used as the anti-inflammatory agent, has the anti-bacterial effect.

Licoagrochalcone C, a flavonoid, inhibits NF-κB and NO production effectively.

Lonazolac Calcium, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is used to treat inflammation and pain.

Antitumor agent-185 (compound 3) exhibits significant antitumor effects, effectively inhibiting tumor growth and extending the survival period of mice in vivo.

EC1169 is a targeted PSMA ligand that acts to inhibit the proliferation of cells expressing PSMA.

NLRP3-IN-48 is an inhibitor of NLRP3. It suppresses the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by targeting the NLRP3 protein, thereby interfering with the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Additionally, NLRP3-IN-48 exhibits anti-inflammatory activity in a DSS-induced acute colitis model in mice.

XJB-5-131: synthetic, bi-functional antioxidant; targets mitochondria, scavenges ROS/electrons, protects CB MNCs from irradiation.

BI1543673 is an inhibitor of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4). It can diminish inflammatory responses in human lung tissue stimulated by TLR4 and TLR7/8. Additionally, BI1543673 reduces inflammatory signaling in a mouse lung inflammation model induced by LPS.

ADP-β-S (trisodium) is an analog of ADP and acts as a partial agonist. It can induce human platelet aggregation and inhibit PGE1-stimulated adenylate cyclase.

Balekafusp alfa is a human IgG1κ antibody targeting IL-2, known for its antitumor properties.

NLRP3-IN-51 (Compound 3q) is an effective activator of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP). This compound demonstrates potential for treating gouty arthritis as it inhibits the production of IL-1β in THP-1 cells induced by monosodium urate (MSU). Furthermore, NLRP3-IN-51 suppresses the phosphorylation of NF-κBp65 triggered by MSU without impacting the self-cleavage and activation of NLRP3, pro-caspase 1, or the second messenger caspase-1. Therefore, the initial stage of NLRP3 inhibition by NLRP3-IN-51 occurs through the activation of CAP.

STING agonist-28 (CF510), a non-nucleotide, boosts STING, TBK1, IRF3 phosphorylation, and cytokines; active against SARS-CoV.

Mifamurtide sodium is a drug against osteosarcoma, a kind of bone cancer mainly affecting children and young adults. It was approved in Europe in March 2009.

Lemnalol, from Lemnalia cervicorni, has anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.

Sirtuin modulator 2 (N-(3-(imidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-6-yl)phenyl)-2-methoxybenzamide) exhibits antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities.

Eritoran: TLR4 antagonist; shields mice from lethal influenza, EBOV, MARV; reduces granulocytosis, eases cytokine storm.

PROTAC cGAS degrader-1 (Compound TH35) is a potent and selective cGAS PROTAC degrader, exhibiting DC50 values of 0.9 μM in THP-1 cells and 4.6 μM in RAW 264.7 cells. It effectively inhibits the activation of cGAS signaling induced by dsDNA. PROTAC cGAS degrader-1 also demonstrates anti-inflammatory properties, making it suitable for research into cGAS-related inflammatory diseases. (Pink: cGAS inhibitor; Black: Linker; Blue: E3 ligase ligand)

STING-IN-13 is a selective STING inhibitor that effectively suppresses downstream signaling of the STING pathway and STING-mediated inflammation. It exhibits low toxicity and is suitable for research related to STING-associated inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.

STING agonist-17 (compound 4a) is a highly potent stimulator of the STING pathway, exhibiting an IC 50 of 0.062 nM.

Perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA) is a PFAS pollutant causing ROS increase, mitochondrial damage, and neuronal cytotoxicity.

4'-hydroxy Flurbiprofen can be used in related research in the field of life sciences. Its product number is T35722 and CAS number is 52807-12-2.

PROTACSTING degrader-3 (Compound ST9) is a STINGPROTAC-type degrader with a DC50 of 0.62 μM. It induces STING degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. This compound exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the STING/TBK1/NF-κB signaling. Additionally, it offers renal protection and can be used in research on acute kidney injury.

TLR4-IN-C34-C2-amide-C6-OH: a linker with TLR4-IN-C34 that curbs TLR4 and inflammation in mice.

PNT2001 (LY4181530) is an effective prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ligand with an IC50 of 3.1 nM. It enhances cellular internalization and, when labeled with 177Lu and 225Ac, is applicable for prostate cancer research.

Topramezone is a 4-HPPD inhibitor herbicide for post-emergence weed control in corn.

StemRegenin 1 Hydrochloride is an AhR antagonist (IC₅₀ = 127 nM) that inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclast generation and differentiation.

Delphanin, also known as Nasunin, is an anthocyanin isolated as purple colored crystals from eggplant peels.

Beta-Amyrin acetate: HMGCR & sEH inhibitor (IC50 3.4 μM), anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-hyperlipidemic.

IL-1β-IN-1, a cannabidiol derivative, acts as a potent inhibitor of IL-1β, exhibiting significant anti-inflammatory and pain relief properties [1].

19-epi-Scholaricine: indole alkaloid, taken orally, reduces collagen fibrosis, boosts SOD.

8-Nitroguanine is a product of DNA nitration damage caused by reactive nitrogen species and may be a potential biomarker for the progression of malignant

CD19 CAR mRNA expresses a protein for use in CAR-CD19 T cell therapy, targeting B cell antigen for cancer treatment.

BRCA2-IN-1 (Compound 3j) is a potential BRCA2 inhibitor with antiproliferative activity against the breast cancer MCF-7 cell line. This compound also demonstrates DPPH radical scavenging ability, with an IC50 value of 12.36 µM.

Biotin-labeled ODN 2216 (sodium) serves as a specific agonist for human TLR9 (toll-like receptor 9), facilitating the assessment of CpG ODN cellular uptake and

Carboxy-PTIO rapidly scavenges NO, forming NO2, key in preventing hypotension and shock in rats.

Antifungalagent 123 (Compound 4b) demonstrates strong affinity for the oxidoreductase of Staphylococcus aureus or membrane proteins of Candida albicans, exhibiting both antibacterial and antifungal properties. Additionally, it is capable of scavenging free radicals, showcasing antioxidant effects. Antifungalagent 123 also inhibits the TLR signaling pathway and possesses anti-inflammatory activity.

Polyinosinic Acid Sodium, the sodium variant of Polyinosinic Acid, is a single-stranded homonucleic acid that acts as a Toll-like Receptor 3 (TLR3) ligand. By engaging TLR3 and TRIF, it bolsters cellular immune response, showing promise for immune regulation applications [1].

STING-IN-14 is a STING inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.6 nM. It effectively suppresses the activation of the IRF pathway in THP1-DualTM cells. This compound is applicable in research related to autoimmune diseases.

Iromycin A: a bacterial metabolite inhibiting NOS III over NOS I, blocks NADH oxidation, IC50 = 0.461 µM.

FITC-labeled ODN 1668 (sodium), a class B CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN), functions as a TLR9 agonist.

BMS-986251: Oral RORγt inverse agonist, EC50 12 nM; inhibits IL-17 (EC50 24 nM); effective in mouse psoriasis models.

Inflexuside B, an abietane diterpenoid derived from the aerial parts of Isodon inflexus, effectively inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated NO Synthase in

Pam3CSK4-Biotin is a biotinylated derivative of Pam3CSK4, functioning as a Toll-like receptor 1/2 (TLR1/2) agonist.

Anti-inflammatory agent 78 (compound L-37) is a potent anti-inflammatory agent. It effectively inhibits PGE2, PGE1, COX-2, and COX-1. Additionally, Anti-inflammatory agent 78 suppresses the release of NO in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cell lines.

Aspulvinone O, from P. variotti, is an antioxidant with anticancer properties, inhibits GOT1, and reduces SW1990 pancreatic tumor growth in mice.

Ubletamig is a humanized IgG4κ monoclonal antibody that targets MUC16.

NLRP3-IN-46 (Compound 3k) activates the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway involved in neuro-immune modulation, thereby inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Furthermore, NLRP3-IN-46 suppresses the production of IL-1β in THP-1 cells induced by Uric acid sodium, making it relevant for research in gouty arthritis.

1-Butylamine hydrochloride,butylamine, a potential agonist of Nrf2/ARE (Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2 Associated Factor 2/Antioxidant Response Element).

IACS-8803 Disodium, a potent cyclic dinucleotide STING agonist, exhibits strong systemic antitumor efficacy [1].

L-156,602 has a wide range of applications in life science related research.

Compound 107 (WO2017184746A1) is a potent NLRP3 modulator, useful for studying diseases linked to NLRP3 activity.

1-Heptadecanoyl-rac-glycerol, a monoacylglycerol with heptadecanoic acid, combats various bacteria and is found in T. africana, I. sonorae, and wheat bran.

Huangjiangsu A, from D. villosa, may protect the liver from H2O2 damage and reduce ROS, showing therapeutic promise.

CD73-IN-16 (compound 18) acts as an inhibitor of hCD73, exhibiting an IC50 value of 0.28 μM.

Cbl-b-IN-28 (Compound B2) is an orally active Cbl-b inhibitor. It enhances the function of immune cells by promoting the secretion of cytokines like IL-2 and modulating the phosphorylation levels of key proteins in the T cell receptor signaling pathway. Cbl-b-IN-28 is applicable in cancer immunology research.

Anti-inflammatory agent 58 is characterized by its ability to inhibit IL-1β with an IC50 value of 2.28 μM.

SU1261, an IKK inhibitor, exhibits Ki values of 10 nM for IKKα and 680 nM for IKKβ. It effectively inhibits non-canonical NF-κB signaling in U2OS osteosarcoma cells.

TLR4 agonist-1 (TEA, compound 17a) is a potent activator of Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) and prompts the production of MIP-1β in RAW 264.7 and MM6 cells [1].

hCYP1B1-IN-1 (compound B18) is an inhibitor of hCYP1B1 with an IC50 value of 3.6 nM and also acts as an antagonist of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor.