Toxicology

<p>Applications 20(3'-Oxo-caspofungin) Triflate Salt is derived from Pneumocandin B0 (P645300), which is the major analogue of a family of lipopeptides isolated from several species of several different genera, such as Cryptosporiopsis, Glarea and Pezicula. Pneumocandin B0 is a potent antifungal and acts by inhibition of the synthesis of β-(1,3)-D-glucan, an essential component of the cell wall of susceptible fungi.<br>References Schwartz, R., et al.: J. Antibiot., 45, 1853 (1992); Petersen, L., et al.: Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 62, 263 (2003), Petersen, L., et al.: Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 62, 263 (2003)<br></p>

<p>Applications 3,4-Dimethoxybenzenesulfonyl Chloride is used in the synthesis of aryl sulfonamides as selective carbonic anhydrase IX and XII inhibitors.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Rosatelli, E., et. al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 24, 3422 (2014)<br></p>

<p>Applications 3'-Deoxyadenosine 5’-(2,2,2-Trifluoroacetic Phosphoric Anhydride) is an intermediate in the synthesis of 3'-Deoxyadenosine 5’-Triphosphate Triethylamine Salt (D232070), a salt form of 3'-Deoxyadenosine 5’-Triphosphate(D232070). 3'-Deoxyadenosine 5’-Triphosphate is a nucleotide and was shown to inhibit the replication of hepatitis C virus in human hepatoma cells.<br>References Arnold, Jamie J., et al.: PLoS Pathogens, 8(11), e1003030 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications Heterocyclic inhibitor of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase enzyme transcribed by the Hepatitis C virus.<br>References Dhanak, D., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 277, 38322 (2002), Liu, Y., et al.: Biochem., 45, 11312 (2006), Tedesco, R., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 49, 971 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications Methyl 3-(Hydroxymethyl)benzoate is used in the synthetic preparation of N-acylhydrazone derivatives as lactate dehydrogenase A inhibitors.<br>References Rupiani, S., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 101, 70 (2015)<br></p>

<p>Applications Avibactam Butylammonium Salt is a novel β-lactamase inhibitor with a non-lactam structural scaffold. Avibactam irreversibly inhibits lactamase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.<br>References Iland, C., et al.: J. Pathol. Bacteriol., 58, 495 (1946); Flores, A., et al.: Microbiology, 151, 521 (2005); Livermore, D., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 62, 1053 (2008); Tremblay, L., et al.: Biochemistry, 49, 9685 (2010)<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled metabolite of Estradiol (E888000).<br>References Zhu, B., et al.: Steroids, 70, 225 (2005); Enmark, E., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 82, 4258 (1997);<br></p>

<p>Applications Emtricitabine Glycosamine is an impurity of Emtricitabine(E525000) which is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is an effective antiviral agent against HIV, HBV, and other viruses replicating in a similar manner. A nucleoside analog structurally related to Lamivudine (L172500).<br>References FASEB J., 13, 1511 (1999), Molina, J.-M., et al.: J. InfecSchinazi, R.F., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 36, 2423 (1992), Shockeor, J.P., et al.: Xenobioica, 26, 189 (1996), Feng, J.Y., et al.: . Dis., 182, 599 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-(Bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan is an intermediate used to prepare tertiary sulfonamides as liver X receptor antagonists. It is also used to synthesize hydantoin based inhibitors of MMP13 with potential use in osteoarthritis.<br>References Zuercher, W., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 53, 3412 (2010); De Savi, C., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 23, 4705 (2013)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 5R,6R-Benzylpenicilloic Acid is the β-lactamase cleavage product/metabolite of antibiotic Penicillin G (P223400).<br>References Dryjanski, M., Pratt, R.: Biochem., 34, 3561 (1995); Ho, H., et al.: Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 25, 25 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications An derivative of Codeine<br>References Okuda, S., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 12, 104 (1964),<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled metabolite of Moxifloxacin (M745000).<br>References Steinijans, V., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 29, 323 (1991), Haria, M., et al.: Drugs, 51, 585 (1996), Pickerill, K., et al.: Pharmacotherapy, 20, 417(2000),<br></p>

<p>Applications SN-38 4-Deoxy-glucuronide is a byproduct formed during the preparation of SN-38 Glucuronide.<br></p>

<p>Applications A protected metabolite of Testosterone (T155000) in humans and animals.<br>References Demisch, K. et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 8, 284 (1969); Fernandez, C. et al.: J Chrom. B Biomed. Appl., 677, 363 (1996); Capolongo, F. et al.: J. Vet. Pharmacol. Therap., 26, 160 (2003);<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Quinine.<br>References Small, D.L., et al.: J. Chem. Med., 22, 1014 (1979), Guentert, T.W., et al.: Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet., 7, 31 (1982), Rakhir, A., et al.: J. Pharmacokinet. Biopharm., 12, 1 (1984), Christie, D.J., et al.: J. Lab. Clin. Med., 112, 92 (1988),<br></p>

<p>Stability Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications It is used in efficient synthesis of 1β-O-acyl glucuronides via regioselective acylation of allyl or benzyl D-glucuronate.Αcyl glucuronides are known metabolites of important drugs.<br>References Kaspersen, F., et al.: Xenobiotica, 17, 1451 (1987), Ebner, T., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 27, 1143 (1999), Shipkova, M., et al.: Ther. Drug Monit., 25, 1 (2003), Stachulski, A., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 49, 6931 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications An intermediate in the synthesis of Epothilones. Epothilones are polyketide natural products that inhibit cancer cells by a mechanism similar to paclitaxel, and also are effective against paclitaxel-resistant tumours. Epothilone D is in phase I clinical testing of in patients with advanced solid tumours. Epothilone D is a cytotoxic macrolide that stabilises malignant cells' microtubules and arrests mitosis, a characteristic it shares with other epothilones. They bind to the same hepatic sites as does paclitaxel (Taxol) in a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio of a, b-tubulin heterodimers.<br>References Hoee, G., et al.: Pure Appl. Chem., 71, 11, 2019 (1999), Giannakakou, P., et al.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 97, 2904 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Applications Chlorphentermine is an anorectic agent. Chlorphentermine is the 4-chloro derivative of the better known appetite suppressant Phentermine (P318830). Chlorphentermine is structurally related to amphetamine but is a relatively weak stimulant with little abuse potential.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Gylys, J.A. et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap., 137, 365 (1962); Jun, H.W. et al.: Can. J. Pharmac. Sci., 4, 27 (1969); Luellmann, H. et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 25, 239 (1973);<br></p>

<p>Applications (S)-Benzylphenobarbital is a derivative of Phenobarbital (P316760), which is an Anticonvulsant; sedative; hypnotic.<br>References Goldenthal, E.I., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 18, 185 (1971), Chao, M.K.C., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 7, 359 (1978),<br></p>

<p>Applications Inhibitor for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Biggs, S., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 299, 83 (1996), Mannisto, P., et al.: Pharmacol. Rev., 51(4), 593 (1999), Fisher, A., et al.: Neuroscience, 95(1), 97 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Applications Phorate Oxon Sulfoxide is a major metabolite of Phorate (P353500), an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase and pseudocholinesterase.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Boshoff, P.R., et al.: J. Agr. Food Chem., 27, 626 (1979),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light and temperature Sensitive<br>Applications A glucuronide metabolite of Fluoxetine (F597100) in humans.<br>References Lemberger, L., et al.: J. Clin. Psychiatry, 46, 14 (1985),<br></p>

<p>Applications Imiprothrin is an analytical standard that is also used in insect neurotoxin research.<br></p>

<p>Applications Protected metabolite of Mycophenolic Acid.<br>References Nelson, P., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 39, 4181 (1996), Ubukata, M., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 17, 4767 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications Erythromycin Ethyl Succinate-13C,d3 is the deuterated form of Erythromycin Ethyl Succinate (E649985), which is a derivative of Erythromycin (E649950), an antibiotic.<br>References Koch, W.L., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 8, 157 (1979); Serisier, D. et al.: J. Am. Med. Assoc., 309, 1206 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications Dimension can be employed as a herbicide.<br>References Zhang, R., et al.: Sepu., 36, 1228-1237 (2018)<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Triazolam (T767380(M)). Triazolam in an hypnotic drug used in the short term treatment of insomnia.<br>References Lomen, P., et al.: J. Int. Med. Res., 4, 55 (1976), Allens, G.S., et al.: J. Int. Med. Res., 6, 343 (1978), Pakes, G.E., et al.: Drugs, 22, 81 (1981).<br></p>

<p>Applications Ethofumesate is a herbicide.<br></p>

<p>Applications 2,4'-Dibromobenzophenone (CAS# 78281-59-1) is a useful research chemical compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Diethylaminoethyl Hexanoate is a compound found in soybean herbicidal safeners.<br>References Jin, G., et al.: Faming Zhuanli Shenqing, CN 106889062 (2017);<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Cevimeline (C283500).<br></p>

<p>Applications 9-(2-Hydroxypropyl)adenine-13C5 is an intermediate used in the synthesis of rac Tenofovir-13C5 (&gt;90%) (T018501), which is he isotope labelled analog of Tenofovir (T018500); an acyclic phosphonate nucleotide analogue and reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Also used as an anti-HIV agent and antiviral.<br>References Shaw, J.-P., et al.: Pharm. Res., 14, 1824 (1997); Wyles, D., et al.: Clin Infect. Dis., 40, 174 (2005); Peng, J., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 46, 265 (2006); Seminari, E., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 60, 831 (2007)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Abacavir EP Impurity E<br>Applications (1R,3S)-3-[2-Amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl]cyclopentanemethanol (Abacavir EP Impurity E) is an impurity of Abacavir (A104990). Abacavir is a carbocyclic 2'-deoxyguanosine nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and an anti-HIV drug used to treat HIV infection (1). Intracellular enzymes convert Abacavir to its active form, carbovir-triphosphate (CBV-TP), which then selectively inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by incorporating into viral DNA (2). Abacavir is metabolized in the liver by uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase and alcohol dehydrogenase resulting in inactive glucuronide and carboxylate metabolites, respectively.<br>References (1) Jackson, A., et al.: Antivir Ther. 17, 19 (2012) (2) Yuen, G. J., et al.: Clin Pharmacokinet. 47, 351 (2008)<br></p>

<p>Applications Palmitoyl-L-carnitine-d3 Hydrochloride is labelled Palmitoyl-L-carnitine Hydrochloride (P155050), a long-chain fatty ester of carnitine which is accumulated and released into the circulation, in fatty-acid oxidation defects. Pattern of Lauroyl-L-carnitine can be diagnostic for a number of ß-oxidation defects.<br>References Ventura, F., et al.: Clinica Chimica Acta, 281, 1 (1999); Pourfarzam, M., et al.: Clinical Chem,, 40, 2267 (1994); Schaefer, J., et al.: Pediatric Res., 37, 354 (1995)<br></p>

<p>Applications Synthetic thrombin inhibitor. Antithrombotic.<br>References Abiko, Y., et al.: Thromb. Res., 24, 285 (1981), Kikumoto, R., et al.: Biochemistry, 23, 85 (1984),<br></p>

<p>Applications Carbophenothion is an organophosphorus pesticide used for fruits and vegetables.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Scott, G., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 50, 4400 (2002), Mezcua, M., et al.: Food Chem., 112, 221 (2009), Mezcua, M., et al.: Anal. Chem., 81, 913 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications Metamizole Magnesium Salt is an analgetic, non-opioid drug used in human and veterinary medicinal treatments.<br>References Jasiecka, A. et al.: Polish J. Vet. Sci., 17, 207 (2014); Rogosch, T. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 20, 101 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Abacavir EP Impurity C; Abacavir USP Related Compound A<br>Applications Descyclopropyl Abacavir (Abacavir EP Impurity C; Abacavir Related Compound A) is an intermediate of Abacavir (A105000). Abacavir is a carbocyclic 2'-deoxyguanosine nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and an anti-HIV drug used to treat HIV infection (1). Intracellular enzymes convert Abacavir to its active form, carbovir-triphosphate (CBV-TP), which then selectively inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by incorporating into viral DNA (2). Abacavir is metabolized in the liver by uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase and alcohol dehydrogenase resulting in inactive glucuronide and carboxylate metabolites, respectively.<br>References (1) Jackson, A., et al.: Antivir Ther. 17, 19 (2012) (2) Yuen, G. J., et al.: Clin Pharmacokinet. 47, 351 (2008)<br></p>

<p>Applications Metoxuron is used as a herbicide.<br>References Navarro, Simon, et al.: J. of Agric. and Food Chem., 60(21), 5279-5286 (2012);Zhang, Rong, et al.: Sepu, 36(12), 1228-1237 (2018)<br></p>

<p>Applications Cholinesterase inhibitor. Use as systemic insecticide, acaricide, nematocide. Used in Pesticide detection.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Dorough, W.H., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 16, 319 (1968),<br></p>

<p>Applications Mepanipyrim is an anilinopyrimidine fungicide which have been used in the management of fungal diseases in strawberries.<br>References Tetada, M., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 154, 1 (1999); Hauke, K., et al.: Commun. Agri. Appl. Biol. Sci., 69, 743 (2004);<br></p>