Biochemicals and Reagents

<p>Applications Squalane is used as an emollient and moisturizer in cosmetic applications.<br>References Allison, A.: Method, 19, 87 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications 1-Cyclopentyl-4-nitrosopiperazine is used in the green preparation of aminoazacyclic compounds via a new method of selective reduction.<br>References Yang, W., et al.: Chem. Heterocycl. Compd. 54, 780 (2018);<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications A metabolite of Vitamin D2 (V676040).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Barnes, P., et al.: J. Clin. Invest., 83, 1527 (1989), Holick, M., et al.: J. Cell Biochem., 88(2), 296 (2003), Maunsell, Z., et al.: Clin. Chem., 51, 1683 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications DL-2-aminobutyric acid<br></p>

<p>Impurity Zidovudine USP Related Compound G<br>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications 3'-[3-(3-Azido-2,3-dideoxy-β-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-3,6-dihydro-5-methyl-2,6-dioxo-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]-3'-deoxy-thymidine (Zidovudine USP Related Compound G) is used in the biological studies and in the preparation of N-3-substituted thymidine nucleosides as virucides as it has anti-HIV activity.<br>References Adams, D.R., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 40, 1550 (1997), Mainardes, R., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 98, 257 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications Diethyl Malonate-2-13C is the labelled form of Diethyl Malonate(D444420) which occurs naturally in grapes and strawberries. It is used in the preparation of barbiturates, artificial flavourings, vitamin B1, and vitamin B6 as well as in perfumes.<br>References Svhreier, P. et al.: J. Agric. Food. Chem., 27, 365 (1979); Opdyke, D.L.J.: Food Cosm. Toxicol., 14, 745 (1976);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic, Light Sensitive<br>Applications Rhodamine 110 is a fluorescent dye used as AP- and exopeptidase substrates for flow cytometric measurements. Dyes and metabolites.<br>References Ganesh S., et al.: Cytometry, 20, 334 (1995),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Valaciclovir EP Impurity M<br>Applications N-Formyl Valacyclovir (Valaciclovir EP Impurity M) Valacyclovir (V085000) impurity.<br>References Furman, P., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 20, 518 (1981),<br></p>

<p>Applications 11-Hydroxylauric Acid is used as a substrate to determine the functional expression and characterization of cytochrome P450 52A21.<br>References Kuehnel, K., et al.: Adv. Synthesis. Cata., 349, 1451 (2007); Kim, D.H., et al.: Arch. Biochem. Biophy., 464, 213 (2007);<br></p>

<p>Applications Divicine Sulfate (2:1) is a starting material and useful building block of various pharmaceuticals.<br></p>

<p>Applications Glycine conjugated Hyodeoxycholate, facilitates the biological transport of Hyodeoxycholate within the intestine<br>References Yang, L., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol. 21, 2280 (2008), Sato, H., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 51, 4849 (2008), Gnewuch, C., et al.: World J. Gastroenterol., 15, 3134 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications A carbohydrate metabolism regulator that has been shown to inhibit gluconeogenesis from lactate plus pyruvate and from substrates that enter the gluconeogenic pathway as triose phosphate.<br>References Joet, T., et al.: Biochem. J., 381, 905 (2004), Girardin, E., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 280, 38059 (2005), Nghiem, N., et al.: App. Biochem. Biotechnol., 141, 335 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications Entecavir Monohydrate (cas# 209216-23-9) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications Nofmer MSD is chain transfer agent; is used in preparation of Polyvinyl Acetate.<br>References Zheng, Q., et al.: Faming Zhuanli Shenqing, (2019);<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-Amino-4-methoxybenzanilide (CAS# 120-35-4) is a useful research chemical compound.<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications Amino reactive biotin reagent for preparing biotinylated surfaces or polypeptides.<br>References Ngo, T.T., et al.: Applied Biochem. Biotech, 7, 443 (1982), Wojchowski, D.M., et al.: J. Immunol. Methods, 90, 173 (1986);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications ε-N-Deoxyfructosyllysine is a sugar-amino acid with potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.<br>References Kitts, D.D., et al.: J. Agri. Food. Chem., 60, 6718 (2012); Chalova, V.I., et al.: Food. Res. Intern., 45, 1044 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications A phosphorylated metabolite of the deoxyribonucleoside 2’-Deoxycytidine. A constituent of Deoxyribonucleic acid. Studies show that it increases influenza virus antigen-induced immune cell proliferation.<br>References Holen, E. et al.: Nutrition, 21, 1003 (2005); Alexandre, J.A. et al.: Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucelic Acids, 26, 1375 (2007);<br></p>

<p>Applications Adipic Acid Dihydrazide is used to functionalize magnetic nanoparticles for gylcopeptitde enrichment and identification. Adipic Acid Dihydrazide can also be used as a chain extension for liquid rubber.<br>References Cao, Q., et. al.: Analyst, 139, 603 (2014); Cutts, E.: Chem. Industry, 7, 280 (1974)<br></p>

<p>Applications Used for fragrance compositions and perfumes with long-lasting fragrance.<br>References Ternes, T., et al.: Sci. Total Environ., 225, 81 (1999), Simonich, S., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 2839 (2002) Metcalfe, C., et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 22, 2872 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Applications Mandelonitrile along side hydroxynitrile lyase is used to induced cyanogenesis in seeds.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Halter, Jonas G., et al.: J. of Materials Chem., 2(3), 853-858 (2014)<br></p>

<p>Applications α-Hyodeoxycholic Acid is isolated from pig bile. Antitumor agent.<br>References Abadie, C., et al.: Biochem. J., 299, 725 (1994), Taniguchi, T., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 269, 10071 (1994), Davis, R., et al.: J. Lipid Res., 43, 533 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Applications Proflavine hemisulfate (CAS# 1811-28-5) is a useful research chemical compound.<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A cofactor in enzymatic acetyl transfer reactions. It is the source of the phosphopantetheine group that is added as a prosthetic group to proteins such as acyl carrier protein and formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase.<br>References Strickland K.C. et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 285, 1627 (2010); Elovson J. et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 243, 3603 (1968);<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,9-Nonanediol diacrylate (cas# 107481-28-7) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-(Benzyloxy)cyclohexanol (cis / trans mixture) (cas# 2976-80-9) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications Labelled Vitamin K1 (V676080). Occurs widely in green plants, algae, photosynthetic bacteria.<br>References Hassan, M.M.A., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 17, 449 (1988), Breton, J., et al.: Biochemistry, 33, 12405 (1994), Dowd, P., et al.: Science, 269, 1684 (1995),<br></p>

<p>Applications (4bS)-trans-8,8-Trimethyl-4b,5,6,7,8,8a,9,10-octahydro-1-isopropylphenanthren-2-ol is a naturally occurring diterpene that exhibits potent antimicrobial activity.<br>References Tian, M., et al.: Records of Natural Products, 14, 219 (2020)<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Para Red is a biological stain. Dyes and metabolites, Environmental Testing.<br>References Mazzotti, F., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 56, 63 (2008), Ferrer A., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 397, 93 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications Bronopol is a component of gray wastewater.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Eriksson, E., et al.: Urban Water, 4, 85 (2002);<br></p>

<p>Applications Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid Sodium Salt is a bile acid conjugate and metabolite Taurolithocholic Acid (T009100) with antiinflammatory activity. Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid has been shown to inhibit hepatocyte apoptosis through suppression of Bid translocation to mitochondria.<br>References Emerman, S. et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 242, 661 (1967); Takikawa, Y. et al.: Falk Symp., 120, 249 (2001); Li, P. et al.: Zhong. Shour. Xue., 28, 1317 (2008);<br></p>

<p>Applications 1-Myristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a derivative of sn-Glycero-3-phosphocholine (G598700) and can be used as a biomarker in biological studies.<br>References Bowers, J., et al.: J. Chromatogr. B, 966, 154 (2014)<br></p>

<p>Applications A glycidol fatty acid esters in edible oils. An acyl acceptor for the unspecific bifunctional wax ester synthase/acyl-CoA:Diacylglycerol acyltransferase.<br>References Masukawa, Y. et al.: J. Am. Oil. Chem. Soc., 88, 15 (2011); Kalscheuer, R. et al.: Eur. J. Lipid. Sci. Tech., 105, 578 (2003)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 1-O-Octadecanoyl-sn-glycerol is a monoacylglycerol (MAG) based saturated fatty acid derivative.<br>References Garcia, P. et al.: J. Sep. Sci., 34, 999 (2011); Takagi, T. et al.: LIpids, 25, 398 (1990);<br></p>

<p>Applications 1-(4-Nitrophenyl) 1,4-Benzenedicarboxylate is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-rac-(1-glycerol) Sodium Salt is used to prepare polyethyleneglycol-modified liposomal doxorubicin for therapies against drug resistant tumors. It is also used in the PEGylated liposomal drug formulation of the anti-cancer agent oxaliplatin.<br>References Sugiyama, I., et al.: Int. J. Pharma., 441, 279 (2013); Franzen, U., et al.: Electrophor., 32, 738 (2011)<br></p>

<p>Applications Amantadine is useful in biology studies. Particularly it has been used for solid-state NMR and membrane protein studies.<br>References Shigeta, A., et al.: New Developments in NMR, 20, 457 (2019)<br></p>

<p>Applications Poly(ethylene Glycol) ~400 is a polymer of ethylene oxide with a molecular weight of ~400 Daltons. Poly(ethylene Glycol) ~400 is considered a low molecular weight polyethylene glycol, and is used as a hydrophilic molecular probe for measuring intestinal permeability. Poly(ethylene Glycol) ~400 is also used as a hydrophilic plasticizer.<br>References Lu, E., et al.: J. Control. Release, 92, 375 (2003); Ma, T., et al.: Gastroenterology, 98, 39 (1990)<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Hydroxyl-tryptamine is used in plant growth regulator composition for improved efficacy. It is also used in compositions for use as chemical thinning agents.<br>References Williams, R., et al.: PCT Int. Appl. 57pp. (2010); Williams, R., et al.: U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications Acetyl-L-carnitine is a mitochondrial metabolite that helps to transport fatty acids into the mitochondria for energy (1). Acetyl-L-carnitine also upregulate metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGlu2) via NF-κB p65 acetylation (2,3). It exhibits antidepressant and neuroprotective properties.<br>References (1) Stephens, F. B., et al.: J Physiol. 581, 431 (2007) (2) Wang, S. M., et al.: J Psychiatr Res. 53, 30 (2014) (3) Cuccurazzu, B., et al.: Neuropsychopharmacology 38, 2220 (2013)<br></p>

<p>Stability Air Sensitive<br>Applications p-Cresidine is a reagent used in the preparation of enaminones acting as anticonvulsants. Also used in the preparation of crescent oligoamides. Dyes and metabolites, Environmental Testing.<br>References Zhu, J. et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 122, 4219 (2000); Scott, K. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 36, 1947 (1993);<br></p>

<p>Applications 10-Azido-1-decanol (cas# 57395-48-9) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications An Amadori compound having the potential to alter cellular adhesion, inhibit cancer metastasis and induce apoptosis.<br>References Horiuchi, T., et al.: Agric. Biol. Chem., 55, 333 (1991), Sosnovsky, G., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 82, 649 (1993), Glinsky, G., et al.: Cancer Res., 56, 5319 (1996),<br></p>

<p>Applications Ammelide, is a metabolite of Melamine (1) (M208700), which acts as a non-protein nitrogen food additive (2). Also present in pet foods as well (3).Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants.<br>References 1. Mast R. et al.: Food Chem Toxicol. 1983 Dec;21(6):807-10. 2. Ehling S. et al.: Food Addit. Contam. 2007 Dec;24(12):1319-25. 3. Vail T. et al.: J Anal Toxicol. 2007 Jul-Aug;31(6):304-12.<br></p>

<p>Applications N1,N3-Bis(2-ethylhexyl)-2-methyl-1,2,3-propanetriamine is a hydrolysis product usually found in preparations of the antimicrobial drug hexetidine.<br>References Mende, P.; Food and Chem. Tox. 31(1), 53-58 (1993)<br></p>

<p>Impurity USP Capecitabine Related Compound B / Capecitabine EP Impurity B<br>Applications A prodrug of 5-Flurouridine. A fluorinated pyrimidine nucleoside with cytostatic activity.<br>References De Cesare, M., et al.: Cancer Res., 49, 5969 (1994), Di Bartolomeo, M., et al.: Tumori, 81, 147 (1995)<br></p>

<p>Applications Acylglycerols and fatty acids in olive oil from pulp, seed, and whole fruit.<br>References Ninni, V., et al.: J. Sci. Food Agric., 79, 2113 (1999), Salas, J., et al.: Prog. Lipid Res., 39, 151 (2000), Mannina, L., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 49, 2687 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-rac-(1-glycerol) is an analog of 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-rac-(1-glycerol) (D525495) which forms lipid bilayers. In the high temperature phase, the conformation of the chains is liquid-like. In the low temperature phases, the chains are stiff and parallel and they interdigitate.<br>References Ranck, J., et al.: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Lipids and Lipid Metabolism, 488, 432 (1977)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Atractyloside A is known to inhibit mitochondrial ADP transportation resulting in necrosis. Antimicrobial.<br>References Stewart, M. et al.: Ther. Drug. Monit., 22, 641 (2000); Federico, B. et al.: J. Nat. Prod., 75 1070 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications Gemcitabine Diphosphate is a phosphorylated metabolite of Gemcitabine (G305000), an antineoplastic agent.<br>References Baker, C., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 34, 1879 (1991), Huang, P., et al.: Cancer Res., 51, 6110 (1991), Plunkett, W., et al.: Nucleosides Nucleotides, 16, 1261 (1997),<br></p>

<p>Applications This not naturally occurring amino acid was first observed after alkali treatment of different proteins. Synthetic Lysinoalanine was found to have a strong chelating ability for metals.<br>References Schwass, D., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 32, 1377 (1984), Ahmed, M., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 261, 8816 (1986), Wells-Knecht, K., et al.: Biochem., 34, 3702 (1995),<br></p>

<p>Applications NF 279 is a potent and selective P2X1 antagonist.<br>References Kassack, M., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 39, 345 (2004); Damer, S., et al.: Eur. J. Pharm., 350, R5 (1998); Rettinger, J., et al.: Neuropharm., 39, 2044 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Norgestimate. Note- The oxime isomerizes when: 1) Heated in any solvent or heating the crystalline form 2) Dissolved in MeOH at room temperature very quickly 3) Dissolved in acetone or CHCl3 at room temperature in a couple of hours at room temperature4) In EtOAc or EtOAc/isooctane over a couple of days at RT. It is stable in the crystalline form.<br>References Phillips, A., et al.: Steroids, 55, 373 (1990)<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive, Moisture Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications 1-Stearoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycerol is used in the study of the influence of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) on diacylglycerol phosphorylation in Swiss 3T3 cells. It is also a possible protein kinase C activator.<br>References MacDonald, M., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 263, 1575 (1988); Massayoshi, G., et al.: BBRC, 144, 598 (1987)<br></p>

<p>Applications Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acid (EET) has antihypertensive and anti-inflammatory properties and play a role in the maintenance of renal vascular function. N,​N'-​dicyclohexylurea (DCU) increased release of 14,15-EET when the cells were stimulated with a calcium ionophore.Also, it is derived from Arachidonic Acid &gt;97% (A765000), which is an essential fatty acid and a precursor in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes. Arachidonic Acid occurs in liver, brain, glandular organs, and depot fats of animals, in small amounts in human depot fats, and Arachidonic Acid is also a constituent of animal phosphatides.<br>References Zhao, X., et al.: J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 15, 1244 (2004); Fang, X., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 276, 14867 (2001); Kurosawa, T., et al.: J. Cell. Physiol., 219, 606 (2009); Mazalli, M., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 57, 5028 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Applications Sulforhodamine 101 is a red fluorescent dye used in the calcium imaging methods in neurophysiological experiments.Dyes and metabolites.<br>References Strouse, J., et al.: Anal. Biochem., 437, 77 (2013); Collot, M., et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 134, 14923 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications 1-Palmitoyl-rac-glycerol is a biomarker of metabolic responses to hepatotoxicants and carcinogens.<br>References Broadhurst, D., et al.: Metabolomics, 2, 171 (2006), Shi, J., et al.: Nat. Biotechnol., 25, 930 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications Glycyl-glycyl-glycine is used as a model peptide for studies of physicochemical parameters and molecular associations of small peptides. It is also used as a copper chelator.<br></p>

<p>Applications Indole-3-acetyl-L-phenylalanine is an indole-3-acetyl-amino acid conjugate involved in regulatory mechanisms for the control of auxin activity during physiological and pathophysiological responses.<br>References Ostrowski, M., et al.: J Plant Physiol, 191, 63-72 (2016)<br></p>

<p>Applications 1-Methyl-5-p-toluoylpyrrole-2-acetic acid (cas# 26171-23-3) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications Disodium 3-Hydroxy-4-[(4-methyl-2-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl]-2-naphthoate is used to prepare solid cosmetic powder.<br>References Zeng, S., et al.: Fr. Demande (2020), FR 3095123 A1<br></p>

<p>Applications A fluorescent reagent and indicator of intracellular zinc ions. An analogue of widely used indicator, TS-Q. Zinquin ethyl ester is membrane permeable therefore useful to detect intracellular zinc ions. Zinquin ethyl ester forms a complex with a zinc ion with two nitrogen atoms in the structure. Used for studying the role of zinc in apoptosis.Fluorescence: max. Abs. l = 368nm, max. Em. l = 490nm<br>References Zalewski, P.D., et al.: Biochem.J., 296, 403 (1993), Zalewski, P.D., et al.: J. Histochem. Cytochem., 42, 877 (1994), Zalewski, P.D., et al.: Biochem.J., 303, 278 (1994), Zalewski, P.D., et al.: Chemistry &amp; Biology, 1, 153 (1994)<br></p>

<p>Applications N6-(Hydroxymethyl)adenosine is an intermediate with modified ribonucleoside formed by chemical oxidation of N6-methyladenosine (M275895) mediated by bicarbonate-activated hydrogen peroxide. N6-(Hydroxymethyl)adenosine is also reported as active mutagen.<br>References Alderson, T.: Mutat. Res-Rev. Genet., 154, 101 (1985); Wu, J., et al.: Chem. Sci., 6, 3013 (2015);<br></p>

<p>Applications Phosphoglycolic Acid is used in studies pertaining to biological and metabolic processes. It can be used in the study of human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (Ape) and its role in double strand break repair. It also has been seen to complex with cPEPCK (cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase) during the study of its inhibition by various substrate analogues.<br>References Suh, D. et al.: Nucl. Acids Res., 25, 2495 (1997); Stiffin, R. et al.: Biochem., 47, 2099 (2008);<br></p>

<p>Applications Coomassie Blue R-250 is a dye commonly used in laboratories or quantify proteins. Dyes and metabolites.<br>References Dzandu, J. et al.: Prot. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 81, 1733 (1984);<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications A labelled vitamin precursor.<br></p>

<p>Applications L-Glutamic acid 5-methyl ester is a protected form of L-Glutamic acid (G596960). L-Glutamic acid is a nonessential amino acid that is important to the mammalian central nervous system. L-Glutamic acid is also a neurotransmitter for cone photoreceptors in the human brain and is used as a treatment for patients who have liver disease accompanied by encephalopathy (a condition termed ‘hepatic coma’).<br>References Anderson, H., et al.: J. Nutr., 99, 82 (1969); Brandon, C. &amp; Lam, D.: Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 80, 5117 (1983); McDermott Jr, W., et al.: New Engl. J. Med., 253, 1093 (1955)<br></p>

<p>Applications Protected L-Tyrosine (T899975), an amino acid, used by cells to synthesize proteins. L-Tyrosine is biologically converted from L-phenylalanine and is in turn is converted to L-DOPA and further converted into the neurotransmitters: dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine.<br>References Rasmussen D.D. et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 57, 760 (1983); Bagchi, S.P. et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 26, 900 (1977)<br></p>