Biochemicals and Reagents

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications Succinic Anhydride is a useful compound in the paper manufacturing process.<br>References Ikeda, S., et al.: Jpn. Tokkyo Koho (2021), JP 6822596 B1<br></p>

<p>Applications 11-Deoxy-18-hydroxycorticosterone is an analog of Corticosterone (C695700); a glucocorticoid and intermediate in the biosynthesis of Aldosterone (A514700) which is an adrenocortical steroid isolated from the adrenal cortex.<br>References Schmidt, M., et al.: Endocrinol., 150, 2709 (2009); Bailey, M., et al.: J. Immunol., 182, 7888 (2009); Brunton, P., et al.: J. Neurosci., 29, 6449 (2009); Pruett, S., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 109, 265 (2009)<br></p>

<p>Applications Carmine (C.I. 75470) (CAS# 1390-65-4) is an insect-based food dye. Carmine has excellent heat and light stability, but is a known human allergen. Dyes and metabolites.<br>References Dufosse, L., et al.: Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 69, 156 (2018); Mueller-Maatsch, J.; et al.: Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, 295, 385 (2016)<br></p>

<p>Applications Pipecolic acid is involved in synaptic transmission in the central nervous system.<br>References Nomura Y., et al.: Neurochem. Res., 6, 391 (1981),<br></p>

<p>Applications L-Cystine Bis(T-butyl Ester) Dihydrochloride is used as a reagent in the synthesis of chelate oxorhenium to create new integrin antagonists.<br>References Le Gal, J., et al.: J. Inorg. Biochem., 105, 880 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications (3β)-3,25-Dihydroxycholest-5-en-7-one is a useful synthetic intermediate in the synthesis of 3β,7α,25-Trihydroxycholest-5-ene (T795075); a potent agonist of GPR183 that induces specific activation of the receptor.<br>References Antunes, L., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents. Chemtherap., 55, 1494 (2011); Schwarz, M., et al.: J. Cin. Invest., 106, 1175 (2000); Zhang, J., et al.: BIochem. J., 322, 175 (1997)<br></p>

<p>Applications N-tert-Boc-L-alanine is the protected form of L-Alanine (A481500), a non-essential amino acid that can be found naturally in the human body and is obtained by our diet.<br>References Anderson, H., et al.: J. Nutr., 99, 82 (1969)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Propylmalonic acid (cas# 616-62-6) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications L-Carnitine-d9 is the isotope labelled analog of L-Carnitine (C184110); an essential cofactor of fatty acid metabolism; required for the transport of fatty acids through the inner mitochondrial membrane. Synthesized primarily in the liver and kidney; highest concentrations found in heart and skeletal muscle. Dietary sources include red meat, dairy products, beans, avocado.<br>References Mitchell, M.E., et al.: Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 31, 293 (1978); Lango, R., et al.: Cardiovasc. Res., 51, 21 (2001); Vaz, F.M., et al.: Biochem. J., et al.: 361, 417 (2002); Karlic, H., et al.: Nutrition, 20, 709 (2004)<br></p>

<p>Stability Light, Temperature and Moisture sensitive<br>Applications A versatile photolabile bifunctional reagent. Useful for investigating the active sites of sulfhydryl enzymes-particularly those which posess a particularly reactive cysteine residue at the active site. Used to study the nature of the ribosomal binding site of E. coli tRNAVal.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Schwartz, I., et al.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 71, 230 (1974)<br></p>

<p>Applications Treosulfan (CAS# 299-75-2) is a useful research chemical compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications An oxygenated derivative of Cholesterol (C432501); an oxysterol. An inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus replication in vitro. It induces apoptosis in human monocytic cell lines as well as inducing apoptosis in CEM cells associated with negative regulation of c-Myc.<br>References Aupeix, K. et al.: Immunobiology, 194, 415 (1995); Moog, C. et al.: Antivir. Chem, Chemother., 9, 491 (1998); Ayala-Torres, S. et al.: Exp. Cell Res., 246, 193 (1999);<br></p>

<p>Applications L-(+)-2-Phenylglycine is a derivative of Glycine (G615990), the smallest of all the amino acids, and is also used to treat schizophrenia, stroke, and benign prostatic hyperplasia. L-(+)-2-Phenylglycine is also used as an N-linked side chain of an SMTP (Stachybotrys microspora tripenyl phenols) congener, which was potent in enhancing plasminogen activation in S. microspora.<br>References Gusev, E., et al.: Cerebrovasc. Dis., 10, 49 (2000); Koide, H., et al.: J. Antibiot., 65, 91 (2012); Rosse, R., et al.: Clin. Neuropharmacol., 12, 416 (1989); Tuszynski, G., et al.: Lab. Invest., 70, 228 (1994)<br></p>

<p>Applications Amaranth is a food color additive that induces differential colon DNA damage in rat and mouse. Dyes and metabolites, Environmental Testing. Dyes and metabolites.<br>References Shimada, C., et al.: J. Toxicol. Sci., 35, 547 (2010); Goda, M., et al.: Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi, 54, 188 (2013); Wang, M., et al.: J. Electroanal. Chem., 809, 117 (2018); Lu, L., et al.: Guangdong Huagong, 43, 117 (2016)<br></p>

<p>Applications A thiol-reactive cross-linking reagent.<br>References Licha, K., &amp; Perlitz, C.: PCT Int. Appl. (2004), WO 2004065491 A1; Gutierrez, C. B., et al.: Analytical Chemistry (Washington, DC, US), 90, 7600 (2018)<br></p>

<p>Applications Ilomastat is a metalloprotease inhibitor.<br>References Dietrich, C., et. al.: J. Immunol., 192, 5382 (2014)<br></p>

<p>Applications Δ5-Avenasterol is an analog of Stigmasterol (S686750); a plant sterol that is used as a precursor in the synthesis of progesterone.<br>References Han, P., et al.: Biotechnol. App. Biochem., 54, 105 (2009); Matsunaga, I., et al.: Anal. Biochem., 393, 222 (2009); Huang, C., et al.: Plant Physiol., 150, 1192 (2009)<br></p>

<p>Applications The 22R-metabolite of Cholesterol (C432501). 22-Hydroxycholesterol inhibits chemokine receptor activity.<br>References Samson, M., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 272, 24934 (1997), Mackay, C., et al.: Nature Immunol., 2, 95 (2001), Navenot, J., et al.: J. Mol. Biol., 313, 1181 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications Lecithin has emulsification and lubricant properties, and is a surfactant.<br>References Shah, D.: J. Colloid and Interface Sci., 37, 744 (1971); Scholfield, C.: J. Am. Oil. Chem. Soc., 58, 889 (1981)<br></p>

<p>Applications Erythrosin B is an organoiodine compound that is a useful biological stain. Suggested to be effective in vital exclusion staining in monolayer culture. Dyes and metabolites.<br></p>

<p>Applications A cell-permeable chloro-nitro-benzamido compound that acts as a potent, specific, irreversible, and high-affinity antagonist of PPARγ with a Ki of 1 nM. Displays &gt;800-fold greater selectivity for PPARγ over PPARα and PPARδ (Ki = 0.85 µM and 1.8 µM, respectively). Blocks hormone- and agonist-induced adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. It suppresses interactions between PPARγ and coactivator-derived peptides, while promotes the recruitment of corepressor-derived peptides. Shown to modulate the interaction of PPARγ2 with the cofactor proteins through covalent binding to Cys313 in its ligand-binding domain.<br>References Lee, G., et al: J. Biol. Chem., 277, 19649 (2003), Schaefer, K.L., et al: Cancer Res., 65, 2251 (2005), Masuda, T., et al.: Clin. Cancer Res., 11, 4012 (2005), Raikwar, H.P., et al.: J. Neuroimmunol., 167, 99 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Applications Triuret is a byproduct of purine degradation in living organisms. It is a product from the pyrolsis of urea.<br>References Sergiu P. P., et al:. HHS Public Access, (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications L-Tyrosine-13C9 ,15N is labelled analogue of L-Tyrosine (T899975), one of the 22 proteinogenic amino acids that are used by cells to synthesize proteins. L-Tyrosine is biologically converted from L-phenylalanine and is in turn is converted to L-DOPA and further converted into the neurotransmitters: dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine.<br>References Rasmussen D.D. et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 57, 760 (1983); Bagchi, S.P. et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 26, 900 (1977)<br></p>

<p>Applications A triphenylmethane dye with fungicidal and limited antiseptic activity. The term Malachine green applies to the oxalate as well as the chloride. Harmful if swallowed. Avoid release to the environment. Dyes and metabolites.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Carter, S.G., et al.: J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods, 7, 7 (1982), Saikan, S., et al.: J. Chem. Phys., 79, 4154 (1983), Clemmensen, S., et al.: Arch. Toxicol., 56, 43 (1984),<br></p>

<p>Applications L-Aspartyl-L-phenylalanine is an impurity of Thiamine (T344185). Thiamine Impurity B.<br>References Aluwihare, L., et al.: Science, 308, 1007 (2005), Koch, B., et al.: Anal. Chem., 79, 1758 (2007), Reemtsma, T., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 1430 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Acetyl-L-cystine is an antioxidant, used in the treatment of influenza A virus pandemic (1). N-Acetyl-L-cystine promotes fertilization by reducing disulfide bonds in zona pellucida of mouse (2).Releases N-Acetyl-L-cysteine, which is an antidote for paracetamol poisoning.<br>References (1) Zhang, R., et al.: (2014) Int. Immunopharmacol. 22: 1-8 (2) Takeo, T., et al.: Biol Reprod. (2015) 92: 1-7<br></p>

<p>Applications An enzyme inhibitor.<br></p>

<p>Applications A deuterated acyclic phosphonate nucleotide analogue, reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Used as an anti-HIV agent. Antiviral.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Shaw, J.-P., et al.: Pharm. Res., 14, 1824 (1997), Wyles, D., et al.: Clin Infect. Dis., 40, 174 (2005), Peng, J., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 46, 265 (2006), Seminari, E., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 60, 831 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications MTT (cas# 298-93-1) is a useful research chemical. Dyes and metabolites.<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications A sulfhydryl cross-linking reagent.<br>References Loo, T.W., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 276, 40, 36877 (2001)<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Sunset Yellow (E110) D4 (phenyl D4) is a deuterated form of Sunset Yellow FCF (S825000). Sunset Yellow is provisionally listed for use in food, drugs and cosmetics. Sunset Yellow is useful in fermented foods which must be heat treated. It may be found in orange sodas, orange jelly, marzipan, Swiss rolls, apricot jam, citrus marmalade, lemon curd, sweets, hot chocolate mix and packet soups, trifle mix, breadcrumbs, snack chips, shelf fresh noodles, cheese sauce mixes.<br>References Radomski, J.L., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 136, 259 (1962), Gaunt, I.F., et al.: Food Cosmet. Toxicol., 5, 747 (1967), Berart, S. D., et al.: Soft Matter, 14, 7277 (2018)<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled L-Ornithine. A non-essential amino acid for human development but is required intermediate in arginine biosynthesis. L-Ornithine is found in virtually all vertebrate tissues as well as incorporated into proteins, such as tyrocidine. Isolation from chicken excreta.<br>References Fattori, D. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 50, 550 (2007); Gomez-Alonso, S. et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 55, 608 (2007); Subramaniam, R. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 18, 3333 (2008);<br></p>

<p>Applications As a dye for wool and silks; as colorant in food, drugs, and cosmetics. In biochemistry as an adsorption-elution indicator for chloride estimations. Tartrazine (otherwise known as E number E102, C.I. 19140, or FD&amp;C Yellow 5) is a synthetic lemon yellow azo dye used as a food coloring. Tartrazine appears to cause the most allergic and intolerance reactions of all the azo dyes, particularly among asthmatics and those with an aspirin intolerance. Dyes and metabolites, Environmental Testing.A recent report has shown that Tartrazine may be useful in 3D bio-printing of organ-like architectures.<br>References Rowe, K.S., et al.: J. Pedriatics, 125, 691 (1994), Tanaka, T., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 44, 179 (2006); Chem. and Eng News Page 4 May 6, 2019<br></p>

<p>Applications Nitrotetrazolium Blue Chloride is a Tetrazolium dye used in colorimetric assays. Dyes and metabolites.<br>References Berridge, Michael V., et al.: Biotechnol. Annu. Rev., 11, 127 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Applications (-)-Maackiain (CAS# 2035-15-6) is a useful research chemical compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Sudan I. A food azo-dye, a liver and urinary bladder carcinogen for rodents and a potent contact allergen and sensitizer for humans. Genotoxic and carcinogenic. Dyes and metabolites, Environmental Testing.<br>References Skog, K., et al.: Carcinogenesis, 14, 2027 (1993), Slob, W., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 84, 167 (2005),,, Slob, W; Food and Chemical Toxicology 2006, 44, 933<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications γ-Tocotrienol exhibits antioxidant properties and belongs to the vitamin E family. It is naturally found in wheat germ oil and bran. In addition, α-tocopherol and γ-tocotrienol derivatives are potential lead compounds for developing anticancer and antiproliferative agents against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and the A549 lung cancer cells.<br>References Gagic, Z., et al.: Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 88, 59 (2016); Guardiola, F., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 34, 193 (1996); Kong, S., et al.: Food Chem., 120, 278 (2010); Aggarwal, B., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 80, 1613 (2010)<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Carbobenzoxyglycine is used in the dipeptide synthesis.<br>References Hans, D., et al.: Med. Chem., 2, 627 (2006), Guzman, F., et al.: J. Biotechnol., 10, 279 (2007), Vlieghe, P., et al.: Drug Discov. Today, 15, 40 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications It is a potent and selective human CYP2C19 inhibitor.<br>References Suzuki, H., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 30, 235 (2002), Robert, L., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 31, 343 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light sensitive<br>Applications The insertion of this spin Labelled compound into RNA enables the study of RNA - protein complexes.<br>References Ramos, A. and Varani, G.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 120, 10992-10993 (1998)<br></p>

<p>Stability Very Hygroscopic, Light Sensitive<br>Applications Color additive in foods, drugs and cosmetics. It is used as a food dye and has the E number E129. The study found increased levels of hyperactivity and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and lower IQs were observed in children consuming the chemicals. It is banned in Denmark, Belgium, France, Switzerland, Sweden. Dyes and metabolites, Environmental Testing.<br>References Kirschbaum, J., et al.: Eur. Food Res. Technol., 222, 572 (2006), Yoshioka, N., et al.: Talanta, 74, 1408 (2008), Al-Degs, Y., et al.: Food Chem., 117, 485 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (cas# 97-99-4) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications Stabilizer in manufacturing of vinyl polymers; intermediate in synthesis of glycerol, glycidyl ethers, and amines; additive for oil and synthetic hydraulic fluids; epoxy resin diluent.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Hiles, R.A., et al.: Food Cosmet. Toxicol., 19, 347 (1981); Thompson, E.D., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 22, 665 (1984);<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications 6-Aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl Carbamate is used as derivatization regent for detecting hydrogen cyanamide in fruit.<br>References Cohen, S., et al.: Anal. Biochem., 211, 279 (1993); Oreiro-Garcia, M., et al.: Biomed. Chromatogr., 19, 720 (2005); Pramanik, S., et al.: B. Environ. Contam. Tox., 82, 644 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Applications (+)-α-Methyl-β-alanine is a reactant for the chemoenzymatic assembly of cryptophycins as potent anticancer therapeutics.<br>References Magarvey, N.A., et al.: ACS Chem. Biol., 1, 766-779 (2006)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications (3α,5β,7α)-7-Hydroxy-3-(sulfooxy)-cholan-24-oic Acid is the 3-monosulfate derivative of chenodeoxycholic acid (C291900), a major bile acid in many vertebrates, occurring as the N-glycine and/or N-taurine conjugate.<br>References Haslewood, E.S., et al.: Biochem. J., 155, 401 (1976); Parmentier, G., et al.: Steroids., 30, 583 (1977);<br></p>

<p>Applications N,O-Dibenzoyl-DL-tyrosyl-N',N'-dipropylamide is a metabolite of the antispasmodic agent Tiropramide (T446900). Tiropramide impurity B.<br>References Janssen, et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 9, 381 (1956), Bertaccini, et al.: Br. J. Pharmac., 34, 310 (1968),<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-Hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid<br></p>

<p>Applications Direct Blue 2 is an organic azo dye and ground water pollutant, removed via enzymic decolorization by laccase.<br>References Akkaya, A.; et al.: Anal. Lett., 49, 790 (2016).<br></p>

<p>Applications L-Homocysteine Thiolactone Hydrochloride is used to prepare substituted homocysteine analogs as inhibitors of peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxygenase. It is also used to synthesize (mercaptoacyl)alanylprolines as metalloprotease inhibitors.<br>References Erion, M., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 37, 4430 (1994); Slusarchyk, W., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 5, 753 (1995)<br></p>

<p>Applications H-Glu(Val-OH)-OH (CAS# 2746-34-1) is a useful research chemical compound.<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg2 is used as an aldose reductase inhibitor and my exert anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity. It exists as a bioactive metabolite of the ginsenoside component of Panax ginseng.<br>References Cho, K. et al.: Biomol. Ther., 22, 55 (2014); Fatmawati, S. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 24, 4407 (2014);<br></p>

<p>Applications Caerulein is a ten amino acid oligopeptide that stimulates smooth muscle and increases digestive secretions. It is similar in action and composition to cholecystokinin. It stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion; and certain smooth muscle. It is used in paralytic ileus and as diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction. It is used to induce pancreatitis in experimental animal models.<br>References Anastasi,E., et al.: Ep., 23, 699 (1997); De Caro, G., et al.: Br. J. Pharmac Chemother., 33, 48 (1968)<br></p>

<p>Applications Larixol, is an intermediate in the synthesis of larixyl acetate. This compound is also found to have antibacterial activity and high potential antioxidant activity.<br>References Prideevech, P., et al.: Chiang Mai J. Sci, 40, 214 (2013)<br></p>

<p>Applications Ancitabine Hydrochloride is an antineoplastic agent.<br>References Ototani, N., Whistler, R.: J. Med. Chem., 17, 535 (1974); Smith, K., et al.: EMBO Mol. Med., 2, 371 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications 1-Methylpiperazine-2,2,3,3,5,5,6,6-d8 is the labeled version of 1-Methylpiperazine (Imatinib EP Impurity G)(M326495) is used in the preparation of 2-(4-Methyl-1-piperazinylmethyl)acrylophenone(MPMAP), an antimicrotubular drug. It is a COVID19-related research product.Is used in preparation of Imidazopyridine compounds for the treatment of inflammatory disorders.<br>References Mallevais, M.L. et al.: Biochimie, 66, 477 (1984); Van der Plas, Steven E., et al.: PCT Int. Appl., (2019);<br></p>

<p>Applications Phytosiderophores are produced in higher plants as iron chelating amino acids that promote uptake of iron from soil.<br>References Klair, S., et al.: J. Plant Nutr., 19, 1295 (1996),<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Boc-L-glutamic Acid 5-Methyl Ester is an intermediate used in the synthesis of Isodesmosine Chloride Hydrate (Synthetic) (I815051), which is a component of elastin and also it is extremely hygroscopic and must be stored over a desiccant such as silica gel.<br>References Partridge, S., et al.: Nature, 209, 399 (1966)<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of carboxylic acid.<br>References Bardsley, W., et al.: Biochem. J., 122, 557 (1971), Kim, J., et al.: Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 69, 1331 (2005), Kopka, J., et al.: J. Biotechnol., 124, 312 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Benzyl-2-amino-3-methoxypropionamide is an impurity of Lacosamide which is a potent anticonvulsant.<br>References Letiran, A., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 45, 4762 (2002); Wadavrao, S., et al.: Synthesis, 45, 3383 (2013)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A useful reversible immobilization or crosslinking reagent.<br>References Pandurangi, R., et al.: Bioorg. Chem., 26, 201 (1998), Kim, H., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 55, 3750 (2007),<br></p>

<p>This assay employs the competitive inhibition enzyme immunoassay technique. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with LTD4. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to LTD4. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of LTD4 in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.</p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A metabolite of Cytidine (C998300). A highly specific phosphatase that acts on ADP-ribose 1''-phosphate, a metabolite of tRNA splicing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.<br>References Phizicky, E., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 267, 4577 (1992), Murguia, J., et al.: Science, 267, 232 (1995), Lei, M., et al.: Biochemistry, 41, 14560 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Boc-D-leucine is an N-Boc-protected form of D-Leucine (L330150). D-Leucine is an unnatural isomer of L-Leucine (L330110) that acts as an auto-inhibitor of lactic streptococci in culture. D-Leucine causes analgesia in humans and also exhibits inhibitory activity in bacterial cell cultures.<br>References Chuan, Y., et al.: Chin. J. Anim. Vet. Sci., 4, 003 (1985); Fox, S., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 155, 465 (1944); Gillillad, S. &amp; Speck, M.: J. Dairy Sci., 51, 1573 (1968); Schoenheimer, R., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 130, 703 (1939); Seltzer, S., et al.: Pain, 11, 141 (1981)<br></p>

<p>Applications E-64d is an inhibitor of cathepsins B and L as well as a potential inhibitor of calpain. E-64d has been shown to inhibit lysosomal proteases. E-64d has been used in combination with Prepstatin A to interfere with autolysosomal digestion. E-64d displays neurovascular and neuronal protective effects after focal cerebral ischemia in rats.<br>References Wilcox, D. et al.: Biochem. J., 285, 495 (1992); McGowan, E.B. et al.: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm., 158, 432 (1989); Tsubokawa, T. et al.: J. Neurosci. Res., 84, 832 (2006);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications N-Acetyl-S-(2-cyanoethyl)-L-cysteine Ammonium Salt is a metabolite of Acrylonitrile (AN) and acrylamide (AM); and are commonly used in the synthesis of plastics and polymers.<br>References van Bladeren, P., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 9, 246 (1981), Guengerich, F., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 4, 168 (1991),<br></p>

<p>Applications D-Glutamic acid 1-tert-butyl ester is a protected form of D-Glutamic acid (G596965). D-Glutamic acid is an unnatural isomer of L-Glutamic acid (G596960), and is found in bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. D-Glutamic acid also occurs as poly-gamma-Glutamic acid, which is a weak immunogen but is capable of acting as a hapten (a small molecule that induces the production of antibodies, as well as binding to them).<br>References Dougherty, T., et al.: J. Bacteriol., 175, 111 (1993); Goodman, J. &amp; Nitecki, D.: Immunology, 13, 577 (1967); Robinson, T.: Life Sci., 19, 1097 (1976)<br></p>

<p>Applications Sudan Orange G is an oil soluble synthetic dye. Sudan Orange G can be degraded by a bacterial strain known as Pseudomonas putida MET94. Dyes and metabolites, Environmental Testing<br>References Zhu, Y., et. al.: Food Chem., 145, 956 (2014); Mendes, S., et. al.: Appl. Microbiol. Biot., 92, 393 (2011)<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is used in the generation of micelles and liposomes.<br>References Høyrup, P., et al.: Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1515, 133 (2001); Heberle, F., et al.: Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol., 3, 1 (2011)<br></p>

<p>Applications A trifunctional cross-linking reagent that contains a biotin, sulfhydryl-reactive methanethiosulfonate moiet and an efficient photoactivatable tetrafluorophenyl azide moiety.<br></p>

<p>Applications Glycerophospholipids act as regulators of various enzyme activities, and can be used as biological markers to indicate pathological states.<br>References Perides, G., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 262, 13742 (1987),<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,3-Naphthalenediol is a derivative of naphthalene (N345600) and may have antibacterial activity against oral bacteria.Dyes and metabolites.<br>References Song, H-Y., et al.: J Korean Soc Appl Biol Chem, 55, 183-187 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled metabolite of Crotonaldehyde.<br>References Gray, J.M., et al.: Xenobiotica, 1, 55 (1971), Chung, F., et al.: Mutat. Res., 424, 71 (1999), Smith, C., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 38, 637 (2000), Pan, J., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 15, 367 (2002),<br></p>