Pharmaceutical Standards

<p>5-Hydroxymethylcytosine is a metabolite of the nucleic acid cytosine. It is an epigenetic modification that alters gene expression without changing the DNA sequence. 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine has been shown to be a potential biomarker of cellular transformation and is involved in axonal growth, transcriptional regulation, and leukemia inhibitory factor. 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine binds to nuclear dna, which inhibits replication by binding to the duplexes of dna (the double helix) and halting transcriptional elongation. 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine also binds cell factor, which is necessary for cell proliferation and differentiation.</p>

<p>2,4-Dimethyl-5-nitropyridine is a hydroxyurea analog that inhibits the synthesis of ribonucleotides by competitively binding to the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase. This inhibition leads to the accumulation of diphosphate and deoxyribonucleotides, which are necessary for DNA synthesis. 2,4-Dimethyl-5-nitropyridine was found to be more potent than hydroxyurea as an inhibitor of cellular growth in vitro and cancer cell lines in vivo. The potency of 2,4-dimethyl-5-nitropyridine can be attributed to its ability to bind very tightly with ribonucleotide reductase and form a stable complex.</p>

<p>3-Hydroxy-2-naphthanilide (3HNA) is a naturally occurring chemical that can be found in human urine. It is used as a marker for early pregnancy. 3HNA can also be detected in maternal blood, but the concentration is lower than in urine. 3HNA reacts with radiation and biological samples to form a diazonium salt and a magnesium salt, which are then reacted to form an analog of 3HNA. This analog has been shown to have phosphatase activity, which can be measured by hydrolyzing the phosphate group from ATP to ADP. The enzyme activities of 3HNA are pH dependent, with optimum at around 7.5. Chemical structures show that the structure of this compound is similar to other compounds called aromatic amines, including benzidine and o-aminobenzoic acid.</p>

<p>Diflucortolone valerate is a corticosteroid that is used to treat inflammatory skin diseases. It is a prodrug that is hydrolyzed in vivo to diflucortolone, its active form. Diflucortolone valerate has been shown to be effective against alopecia areata and mycological skin infections. The optimum concentration of this drug for treating these conditions is 0.5% or less, with side effects such as erythema, scaling, and burning at the application site occurring at higher concentrations. Diflucortolone valerate also has broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates.</p>

<p>2',4'-Dibromoacetophenone is a 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) analogue that inhibits protein kinase and phospholipase C. It has been shown to inhibit the production of adenosine in endothelial cells by acting as an antagonist at the adenosine receptor. 2',4'-Dibromoacetophenone also has a strong inhibitory effect on human endothelial cells, which may be due to its ability to inhibit DNA synthesis and protein synthesis. This compound binds to the endothelial cell membrane and blocks the activation of phospholipase A2, preventing the release of arachidonic acid from phospholipids. Arachidonic acid is required for prostaglandin synthesis, which leads to inflammation.</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenyl benzoate is a reactive molecule that can react with oxygen nucleophiles and hydroxyl groups. 4-Nitrophenyl benzoate is formed by the acylation reaction between an amine and a phenol, which is catalyzed by acid, base, or heat. This reaction mechanism can be explained by the formation of a hydrogen bond between the amine and the phenol. The kinetic data for this reaction have been measured using fluorescence measurements, and it has been shown that the reaction rate increases as temperature increases.</p>

<p>Methyl 4-chlorocinnamate is an aryl chloride that is synthesized by the reaction of methoxyethyl chloride with cinnamic acid derivatives. It has bacteriostatic activity against a variety of bacteria species, including staphylococcus and candida glabrata. Methyl 4-chlorocinnamate reacts with amine groups in proteins to form amides, which are strong inhibitors of protein synthesis. This compound also inhibits the growth of Candida glabrata by inhibiting phosphonates, which are essential for cell division.</p>

<p>DL-Threonine (or 2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid), is an essential, non-protein amino acid naturally occurring in the human body and it is involved in many biological processes. DL-threonine takes part in the conversion of glycogen into the glucose pathway, supports muscle tissue maintenance and growth, and plays a key role in regulating levels of other amino acids. In addition, DL-threonine helps to provide protection against heat, reduce tiredness and lowers blood pressure. It is an important source of energy for the liver and has been shown to be effective in stimulating liver function, as well as, to have a protective effect against various diseases, including hepatitis and cirrhosis. The liver uses DL-Threonine to produce other amino acids and helping in protein synthesis, such as insulin. The human body can produce DL-threonine from serine by threonine synthase, but not enough to meet the body's needs and thus it must be obtained from food sources or supplements. DL-Threonine can be found in many foods including meat, eggs, soybeans, and dairy products. It can chelate metal cations to improve the absorption of minerals from supplements, which is used in fertilizers for agriculture.</p>

<p>Glutaric acid is a dinucleotide phosphate that exists in two forms: the alpha form, which has a high phase transition temperature and is insoluble in water; and the beta form, which has a low phase transition temperature and is soluble in water. Glutaric acid can be used as an analytical reagent to identify the type of nucleotides present in samples. It can also be used as an experimental solvent for other compounds that are not soluble in water. The toxicity of glutaric acid has been studied extensively and found to be low. This compound does not appear to have any adverse effects on human health or animals at doses up to 1g/kg body weight. Glutaric acid has been shown to have anti-infectious properties by inhibiting the growth of bacteria, fungi, and viruses. The effectiveness of glutaric acid against infectious diseases appears to depend on its ability to block protein synthesis by inhibiting enzymes such as glutathione reductase</p>

<p>Fmoc-L-aspartic acid beta-2-phenylisopropyl ester is a macrocyclic amino acid with conformational and anti-inflammatory properties. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells in vitro, as well as the osteolytic, lymphoproliferative, and inflammatory activities in vivo. Fmoc-L-aspartic acid beta-2-phenylisopropyl ester also has antiarrhythmic effects on cardiac tissue that are caused by its ability to bind to chloride channels. This compound also inhibits the production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin 6 (IL6).</p>

<p>2-Amino-4'-fluoroacetophenone hydrochloride is a fine chemical with a versatile building block. It is an intermediate used in research and a reaction component for the synthesis of complex compounds. 2-Amino-4'-fluoroacetophenone hydrochloride can be used as a reagent in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals or other useful chemicals. Its CAS number is 456-00-8.</p>

<p>L-Threonine benzyl ester hydrochloride is a glycopeptide that is used as a precursor to L-threonine. It is synthesized from cycloserine, which contains a phenyl group, and D-serine, which contains an amino acid with two threonine molecules. The synthesis starts with the activation of the benzyl ester by treatment with hydrazoic acid. This activated compound reacts with D-serine in the presence of an organic base to form the benzyl ester of D-serine. The reaction can be carried out in one pot without isolation steps. The final step is an oxidative cleavage of the benzyl group by irradiation with ultraviolet light or exposure to hydrogen peroxide, yielding L-threonine benzyl ester hydrochloride as a white solid.</p>

<p>5(6)-Carboxyfluorescein diacetate N-succinimidyl ester is a high quality chemical that is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of fluorescein, a complex compound. It is also useful as a reagent and building block in the synthesis of other compounds. 5(6)-Carboxyfluorescein diacetate N-succinimidyl ester is soluble in water and can be used to make fine chemicals, such as speciality chemicals and research chemicals. The chemical is also versatile and can be used as a reaction component for synthesizing other compounds.</p>

<p>Trans-trans-10,11-Epoxy farnesenic acid methyl ester is a bound form of the hormone juvenile hormone. It is found in plants and insects. Trans-trans-10,11-Epoxy farnesenic acid methyl ester binds to the receptor on the surface of cells and initiates a series of reactions that lead to the production of proteins needed for development. The bound form is converted to an active form by methyl transferase activity or epoxidase activity. Trans-trans-10,11-Epoxy farnesenic acid methyl ester has been shown to be effective against juvenile hormone binding protein (JHBP) and has high values in samples from juvenile insects.</p>

<p>2-Methoxy-3-nitropyridine is a chemical compound with the molecular formula CHNO. It is classified as an amine and has a molecular weight of 140.24 g/mol. 2-Methoxy-3-nitropyridine is a colorless liquid that can be used to make other compounds, such as nitroarenes, boronic acids, and dyes. The molecule consists of a central carbon atom with four nitrogen atoms at the corners of a tetrahedron. The electron configuration for this molecule is 1s22s22p4. This means that the outer shell electrons are in orbitals with principal quantum numbers s=1 and p=2. These orbitals are located near the middle of the molecule rather than on the periphery as in ethane (CH3CH2). This orientation provides more space for other atoms to attach to the central carbon atom, which increases its affinity for nucleophilic attack. 2-M</p>

<p>Acrivastine is a drug that belongs to the group of combination therapy. It is used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, such as choroidal neovascularization. Acrivastine inhibits the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and inhibits the release of histamine from mast cells. Acrivastine also has immunosuppressive effects. It binds to H1 receptors and blocks their activation by histamine, which may be responsible for its therapeutic effect on eye disorders and infectious diseases. Acrivastine is chemically stable in acidic or alkaline conditions, but does not dissolve in organic solvents.</p>

<p>2,5-Dichlorocinnamic acid is a chemical compound with the formula CHClCOCHCl. It is typically used as a reagent or building block in organic synthesis. 2,5-Dichlorocinnamic acid is an alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acid that exists in two tautomeric forms: the enol form (2,5-dichloro-3-oxopentanoic acid) and the keto form (2,5-dichlorohexanedioic acid). The enol form predominates at pH 7 and above. The keto form predominates at pH 1 and below.</p>

<p>1,3-Bis(4-fluorophenyl)urea is a crystalline solid that is soluble in organic solvents. It has been used as an intermediate in the synthesis of other compounds. 1,3-Bis(4-fluorophenyl)urea is an electron acceptor and can be used to produce diphenyl ethers. This compound has been synthesized using ethyl acetoacetate and anilines. It can be used to treat infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, where it inhibits protein synthesis and cell growth by disrupting the formation of bacterial DNA.</p>

<p>2,4-Dichloro-3-nitrophenol is a synthetic chemical that is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of chloroamines. It is a derivative of phenol and has a chlorine atom on the 2 position. The alcohol group on the 4 position and the chlorine atom on the 3 position are both substituted with chlorine atoms. 2,4-Dichloro-3-nitrophenol has been shown to be effective for the synthesis of chloroamines resistant to nitro groups. This chemical has been shown to be resistant to amines and thus can be used for immobilization purposes. Furthermore, it can be used as an intermediate for chemists who work with organic chemistry due to its ability to undergo reactions with alcohols and phenols.</p>

<p>Anti-viral; HIV integrase inhibitor</p>

<p>4'-Fluoro-1'-acetonaphthone is a synthetic fluorinated derivative of 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione. It has been used as a ligand in the study of interactions between substances and shift parameters. The fluoro substituent on the ring may be difficult to synthesize because it requires high temperatures and pressure. 4'-Fluoro-1'-acetonaphthone has been used in organic synthesis as a component in photocycloadditions with chloroform or benzoyl chloride to form substituted benzoic acids.</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about 2-(2-naphthyloxy)ethanenitrile including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>Ergosterol peroxide is a synthetic compound that binds to DNA and inhibits the growth of human cells. Ergosterol peroxide has been shown to have significant cytotoxicity against HL-60 cells in vitro, with inhibition of DNA synthesis and induction of apoptosis. Ergosterol peroxide also has amoebicidal activity against Acanthamoeba castellanii, which is an opportunistic pathogen of the central nervous system. This compound can be used as a pharmaceutical agent for the treatment of various diseases such as cancer, AIDS, or Alzheimer's disease. It may also be used as a natural compound to kill harmful pathogens in water.</p>

<p>2,4,5-Trimethylacetophenone is a versatile building block used in the synthesis of complex compounds and research chemicals. It is a high quality chemical that can be used as a reagent or speciality chemical. 2,4,5-Trimethylacetophenone is also an intermediate for the synthesis of other useful compounds. This compound can be used as a reaction component to synthesize various types of scaffolds.</p>

<p>Copper-containing enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the synthesis of melanin</p>

<p>3-Methyl-2-nitrophenol is a hydroxy group that contains a reactive methylene group. It has been shown to be formed by the reaction of nitric acid with alcohols or amines. The rate of formation is influenced by the steric interactions and intramolecular hydrogen bonds present in the reactants. 3-Methyl-2-nitrophenol can react with other molecules to form various reaction products, such as 2-methylphenol, nitrobenzene, and picric acid. 3-Methyl-2-nitrophenol also has phytotoxic properties, which may be due to its ability to inhibit root growth and chlorophyll production in plants.</p>

<p>3,5-Dimethyl-4-nitropyridine 1-oxide is a nitro compound with the chemical formula CHNO. It is an organic compound that has been shown to be carcinogenic in animal studies and has caused cancer in humans. 3,5-Dimethyl-4-nitropyridine 1-oxide can be found in the environment as a result of industrial accidents or environmental pollution. It is found in building materials such as acetonitrile and organic solvents. This compound is not soluble in water, which limits its potential for environmental transport.</p>

<p>17-Hydroxy-6-methylpregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione is a progestin that is used as an antiretroviral agent in the treatment of HIV. It has been shown to be effective for chronic cough and cancer. 17-Hydroxy-6-methylpregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione can be used for the treatment of infectious diseases such as HIV by inhibiting viral replication and reducing the amount of virus in the blood. This drug can also be used to treat some cancers and solid tumours. It has been shown to have long term efficacy in these conditions due to its ability to block cell division. 17 hydroxy pregnane 4,6 diene 3,20 dione is also used in the treatment of geriatric patients with chronic illnesses or who are immunocompromised due to its ability to stimulate appetite.</p>

<p>Edoxaban impurity I is a fine chemical that is a useful building block, reagent, and speciality chemical. It is a complex compound that can be used as a reaction component or as an intermediate in the synthesis of other compounds. Edoxaban impurity I has CAS number 1255529-23-7, which identifies it as a high quality and versatile building block.</p>

<p>1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4a,5-Octadecafluoronaphthalene is a fluorinated derivative of an organic compound that is used as an intestinal antiseptic and as a cardioplegic solution. Sodium salts of this drug are used to treat intestinal disorders such as colitis and Crohn's disease. It is also used to treat cardiac diseases such as myocardial infarction by reducing the size of the infarcted area. The drug has been shown to be effective in preventing muscle degeneration in patients with AIDS. 1,1,2,2,3,3-Heptafluoropropan-1-amine is a chemical that belongs to the group of adjuvant therapies. It is used as a pharmaceutical preparation for kinetic studies and particle characterization.</p>

<p>4-Chlorocinnamide is an organochlorine compound that has been found to have antibacterial properties. It inhibits the shikimate pathway in bacteria, which is essential for bacterial growth. This molecule has been shown to bind with the cation channel of the nerve cells in the trigeminal nerve and inhibit their function. The inhibition of this channel leads to reduced sensitivity to pain. 4-Chlorocinnamide is also a precursor in the synthesis of stilbene derivatives, which are used as anticancer drugs.</p>

<p>Hydroquinone-2,2'-diacetic acid is a labile and water soluble ester with activating properties. It is used in bioconjugate chemistry for the modification of proteins and peptides. Hydroquinone-2,2'-diacetic acid can be reused and has been shown to react with a wide range of synthons or linkers. This compound has been shown to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Hydroquinone-2,2'-diacetic acid also has fluorescence properties that are sensitive to copper ions, making it useful for analytical applications such as protein quantification and detection of metal ions.</p>

<p>7-Cyano-7-deaza-2’-deoxyguanosine is a pyrrole nucleoside analog that has been shown to inhibit the replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 in human cell lines. 7-Cyano-7-deaza-2’-deoxyguanosine is a synthetic nucleoside analog that is structurally similar to deoxyadenosine, but with a cyanide group instead of an oxygen atom. This compound has been shown to have the same biochemical properties as deoxyadenosine, including inhibiting the incorporation of uridine into RNA and DNA. In addition, 7-Cyano-7-deaza-2’-deoxyguanosine inhibits the synthesis of proteins from amino acids by competitive inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase, which catalyzes the conversion of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides. The enzyme's function</p>

<p>3,3',4,4'-Tetrachlorocarbanilide (TCA) is an antimicrobial agent that is used in the wastewater treatment process. It is detectable by analytical methods such as chromatography and electrospray mass spectrometry. TCA has a broad spectrum of activity against bacteria, fungi, viruses and protozoa. It is also used as a biocide in deionized water systems where it can be effective against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, yeast and protozoa. TCA has been shown to inhibit the growth of triclosan-resistant bacteria found in wastewater samples. The impurities found in TCA are not known at this time.</p>

<p>Muscarinic antagonist; bronchodilator</p>

<p>Carprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is used to treat pain and inflammation in dogs. It is also used for the management of postoperative pain, as well as for the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and other conditions. Carprofen has been shown to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity and prostaglandin synthesis. The inhibition potential of carprofen has been determined by the modification of COX-2 by S-carprofen and its stereoselectivity. This study also showed that carprofen inhibits lipase activity in an ex vivo model of canine blood plasma, which may be related to its effects on endogenous substances such as leukotrienes. Carprofen has been shown to reduce inflammation and pain in animal models through the inhibition of COX-2 activity and prostaglandin synthesis. The time required for this reaction is less than</p>

<p>Mixture of C12–C18 acylamides with the major component cocamidopropyl betaine.</p>

<p>2,6-Naphthalenedicarboxylic acid is a synthetic organic compound that belongs to the group of fatty acids. It is produced by oxidation of 2,6-naphthoquinone with sodium carbonate and glycol ester in the presence of an oxidation catalyst. The reaction mechanism appears to involve hydrogen bonding interactions between the hydroxyl groups on the glycol ester and the carboxyl groups on 2,6-naphthoquinone. 2,6-Naphthalenedicarboxylic acid has been shown to bind to intracellular targets such as transfer reactions and fatty acid synthesis. The analytical method for this compound is based on its formation of an adduct with p-hydroxybenzoic acid in hydrochloric acid solution.</p>

<p>Ursodeoxycholic acid methyl ester is a bile acid that is produced from ursodeoxycholic acid. It is used as a drug to dissolve gallstones and reduce the risk of recurrent gallstones in patients who have had a cholecystectomy. Ursodeoxycholic acid methyl ester also reduces cholesterol levels by preventing its reabsorption in the small intestine and enhancing its excretion in the bile. This agent has been shown to modulate cell proliferation and differentiation, especially in cerebral tissue and muscle cells. Ursodeoxycholic acid methyl ester can be synthesized from ursodeoxycholic acid by saponification with base followed by methylation with methanol. The synthesis of this agent involves an elimination reaction between c1-c3 alcohols, which leads to impurities such as formaldehyde, acetone, glycerol, acetic acid, and butyric acid.</p>

<p>3-Hydroxy-gamma-butyrolactone is an organic solvent that is used to make malic acid. It is produced by the hydrolysis of butyrolactone with aqueous hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride as an acidic catalyst. 3-Hydroxy-gamma-butyrolactone can be used in organic synthesis reactions, such as the synthesis of oligosaccharides. The reaction time for this organic compound depends on the amount of water present in the reaction mixture. This product is mainly used in chemical laboratories and industrial applications due to its high reactivity.</p>

<p>N-Acetyl-DL-methionine is an amide of the amino acid methionine and acetyl coenzyme A. It has a number of biological properties including being a precursor to protein synthesis, a regulator of fatty acid metabolism, and an inhibitor of glutamate pyruvate transaminase. It can be found in bacterial strains as well as in human serum. N-Acetyl-DL-methionine is synthesized by the reaction of methylamine with acetyl coenzyme A in the presence of ammonia or other nitrogenous bases. The chemical structure of this compound consists of two nitrogen atoms and an acetyl group bonded to a carbon atom that is attached to a methyl group and another carbon atom that forms part of an amide bond with the amino acid methionine. This molecule has been observed using nmr spectroscopic data to form hydrogen bonds with proteins.</p>

<p>5-Chloro-2-methoxyacetophenone is a byproduct of the synthesis of 2-hydroxybenzofuran. It is also used in the synthesis of tetracyclic benzopyrans, which are known to be potent analgesics and have been found to have anti-inflammatory properties. 5-Chloro-2-methoxyacetophenone can be obtained by decarbonylation (loss of carbon) or elimination reactions.</p>

<p>Sarcosine is a naturally occurring amino acid that can be found in the body and in many foods. It has been shown to inhibit the activity of the enzyme adenylate cyclase, which is involved in cell signaling. This inhibition leads to a decrease in intracellular calcium levels, which results in reduced proliferation and apoptosis of HL-60 cells. The sarcosine concentration required for this effect is dependent on the type of cell being treated, with optimum concentrations ranging from 10-100 mM. Sarcosine also binds to nuclear DNA and may have an inhibitory effect on transcriptional activity. In addition, it has been shown to be an effective inhibitor of protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes and preventing peptide bond formation between amino acids at the ribosomal active site.</p>

<p>5-Aminovaleric acid is a cyclic peptide that is an antagonist of the enzyme 5-aminovaleric acid hydrolase that catalyzes the conversion of 5-aminovaleric acid to succinic semialdehyde. The physiological function of 5-aminovaleric acid hydrolase is not known, but it has been implicated in a number of neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The reaction solution contains 5-aminovaleric acid (5AVA), hydrogen fluoride (HF), and l-lysine (Lys). Upon addition of HF to the solution, it reacts with Lys to form a dinucleotide phosphate intermediate. This intermediate then reacts with 5AVA to form an intramolecular hydrogen bond with the amino group of Lys and release hydrogen gas. The detection sensitivity for this reaction can be increased by using a cyclic peptide inhibitor.</p>

<p>4-Bromo-2-nitrocinnamic acid is a naturally occurring amino acid that is a component of wheat, carrots, and cereals. It is an enzyme inhibitor and has been found to be stable under heat treatment. 4-Bromo-2-nitrocinnamic acid has been shown to inhibit the activity of 3 lysine hydrolase enzymes (LysE1, LysE2, LysE3) in vitro. This inhibition decreases lysine levels and may have health implications for infants fed with 4-bromo-2-nitrocinnamic acid treated wheat flour. The efficiency of 4-bromo-2 nitrocinnamic acid as an enzymatic inhibitor for these enzymes was determined by measuring the release of free lysine from various substrates at different concentrations of the inhibitor. These parameters were then used to calculate the theoretical inhibition percentage for each substrate at a given concentration.</p>

<p>2-Amino-4,8-naphthalenedisulfonic acid is a structural analog of the natural amino acid phenylalanine. It is an inhibitor of the enzyme tyrosinase, which participates in the oxidation of dopamine to DOPA and subsequent conversion to melanin. 2-Amino-4,8-naphthalenedisulfonic acid has been shown to inhibit the growth of probiotic bacteria and can be used as a food additive. The compound also inhibits the oxidation catalyst that is required for some analytical chemistry tests. 2-Amino-4,8-naphthalenedisulfonic acid has been shown to have toxicological properties in animal studies and this toxicity is exacerbated by its ability to bind with pyridine nucleotides found in cells. The toxicological effects are thought to be related to the inhibition of protein synthesis that leads to cell death.</p>

<p>Melatonin is a neurotransmitter produced by the pineal gland that is involved in the regulation of sleep-wake cycles. It can be used to treat several conditions like shift work disorders, insomnia, jet lag, and alterations of the circadian rhythm. Some authors also proposed the use of melatonin against cognitive disorders. In an interesting research conducted on zebrafish, it was found that memory formation occurs better during daytime compared to nighttime, suggesting a role of melatonin in this process. When melatonin was administered during the daytime it caused reduced memory formation. On the contrary, removing the pineal gland or treating the fish with a melatonin antagonist significantly improves nighttime memory formation.</p>

<p>(6α,11β,16α,17α)-6,9-Difluoro-11-hydroxy-16-methyl-spiro[androsta-1,4-diene-17,5'-[1,3]oxathiolane]-2',3,4'-trione is a fine chemical that can be used as a building block for the synthesis of complex compounds. This compound is also useful as a reagent and specialty chemical. (6α,11β,16α,17α)-6,9-Difluoro-11-hydroxy-16-methyl spiro[androsta-1,4 diene 17.beta., 5'(1'3'oxathiolane)] 2',3',4'-trione has been shown to be an excellent intermediate for organic reactions and may be used as a scaffold in drug design.</p>

<p>Serotonin and norepinehrine reuptake inhibitor</p>

<p>4-Nitropyrene is a potent carcinogen that binds to the heme of cytochrome P450 and inhibits its activity. This chemical has been shown to inhibit the metabolism of nitroarenes, which are compounds that have been shown to cause cancer in animals. 4-Nitropyrene also produces genotoxic effects on cells in culture by causing DNA damage, including strand breaks, adduct formation, and the formation of pyrimidine dimers. 4-Nitropyrene acts as a tumor promoter in animal models by inducing lung tumors and inhibiting cell differentiation. This chemical is metabolized extensively with metabolic profiles being dependent on the tissue type examined. The analytical methods for this chemical include gas chromatography/mass spectrometry or liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Nitrite ion (NO2) is an important metabolite that can be measured using a colorimetric assay.</p>

<p>4-(1-Adamantyl)-2-nitrophenol is a versatile building block that can be used to construct complex compounds. It is a research chemical that can be used as a reagent, as well as in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and other chemicals. 4-(1-Adamantyl)-2-nitrophenol is soluble in water and ethanol, and has an odorless and colorless appearance. This chemical can be found under the CAS number 32599-84-1.</p>

<p>Fmoc-L-threoninol is a conjugate of L-threoninol with a protecting group, Fmoc. It is synthesized by the solid-phase method on an activated resin and then cleaved from the resin to give the desired product. The linker used in this synthesis is succinic acid diacetate. This compound has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects in human serum, which may be due to its ability to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis.</p>

<p>(-)-α-Bisabolol is a natural compound that can be found in chamomile, which is used as an herbal tea. This compound has been shown to have apoptosis-inducing effects in Candida glabrata, which may be due to its ability to reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential and inhibit protein synthesis. (-)-α-Bisabolol also has anti-inflammatory properties and can inhibit amoeba growth by inhibiting farnesol production.</p>

<p>3-Acetylcoumarin is a coumarin derivative that has been shown to have significant cytotoxicity in vitro. Coumarins are a group of compounds that are used as antimicrobial agents, as well as in polymer compositions and biological studies. 3-Acetylcoumarin has shown anticancer activity against human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) and can be used for the treatment of various cancers. It was found that 3-acetylcoumarin binds to metal carbonyl complexes and forms stable adducts, which is responsible for its cytotoxic effects. This compound also inhibits the growth of bacteria by interfering with the synthesis of proteins necessary for cell division.</p>

<p>6alpha-Fluoro-11beta,17,21-Trihydroxypregna-1,4-Diene-3,20-Dione 17-Valerate is a hydrogenated and esterified form of 6alpha-fluoro-11beta,17,21-trihydroxypregna1,4diene3,20dione. It is an oil with a fatty acid ester that has been synthetically modified to be more hydrophobic. 6alpha-Fluoro-11beta,17,21-Trihydroxypregna1,4diene3,20dione 17valerate is used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and hormones. It can also be used as an enhancer for the stability of pharmaceutical preparations.</p>

<p>N,N'-Dimethyl-3,3'-dithiodipropionamide (DTDPA) is a strong oxidizing agent that is used as a catalyst in organic synthesis. It can be used to convert xylene and benzene into products that are less toxic and more easily removed from the environment. DTDPA can also be used to remove 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, chloroform, and other pollutants from water. DTDPA has been shown to react with hydrogen peroxide or hydrochloric acid to produce oxygen gas and chlorine, which is an effective disinfectant against bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This chemical also reacts with toluene or chloroform to produce peroxides which have been shown to have an anti-inflammatory effect on cells.</p>

<p>2-Cyanocinnamic acid is a fatty acid that has been shown to inhibit the synthesis of proteins. It binds to cytochrome c oxidase, inhibiting mitochondrial respiration and electron transport, leading to decreased ATP production. 2-Cyanocinnamic acid is not easily transported out of mitochondria, which leads to its accumulation in the mitochondrial matrix. This accumulation causes synergistic inhibition with glutamate, leading to a decrease in ATP production and an increase in intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The use of 2-cyanoacrylic acid as a mitochondrial transport inhibitor has been proposed for the treatment of obesity and diabetes.<br>2-Cyanocinnamic acid also inhibits fatty acid uptake by binding to the protein translocase at the outer membrane of cells. This binding prevents monomers from entering the cell, where they are broken down by beta oxidation and converted into acetyl-CoA, which can be used for energy production or stored as triglycer</p>

<p>a-2-Oxopyrrolidino)valerophenone is a useful scaffold for the synthesis of complex compounds. It is a versatile building block and can be used as a reaction component or reagent in organic synthesis. This compound is also a high quality research chemical with CAS No. 1220881-04-8.</p>

<p>7-Amino-4-methyl-3-coumarinacetic acid N-succinimidyl ester is a synthetic amino acid with a reactive carboxylic acid group. It is used as a crosslinker in biochemistry and has been shown to have biological properties in plants. 7-Amino-4-methyl-3-coumarinacetic acid N-succinimidyl ester reacts with the acidic groups of proteins, DNA, or RNA, and is an important component of some second order rate constants. This chemical is also used for the neutralization of histological stains such as haematoxylin.</p>

<p>DL-Alanine-beta-naphthylamide hydrochloride is a fine chemical that is used as a building block for other compounds. It can be used in the synthesis of complex compounds and as a reagent to synthesize speciality chemicals and research chemicals. DL-Alanine-beta-naphthylamide hydrochloride is also a versatile building block that can be used as an intermediate in organic reactions or as a reaction component. This compound has CAS No. 74144-49-3 and is soluble in water.</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about 6a-Hydroxy budesonide including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>2-Dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl is a fluorescent chemical that has been used to study interactions of fatty acids and halides. It is also used in the synthesis of palladium complexes, which have been shown to be effective for hydrogenation reactions. 2-Dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl can be synthesized from 2,6-dichlorobenzaldehyde and dicyclohexylphosphine by the addition of trifluoroacetic acid. The synthesis proceeds via a substitution reaction with methoxy groups on the aromatic ring. This product fluoresces under ultraviolet light at 351 nm.</p>

<p>7-Methoxy-1-naphthaldehyde is an aldehyde that is synthesized from acetaldehyde and 7-methoxy-1-naphthol. It has been shown to inhibit the cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase, which converts acetaldehyde to acetate. This reaction is one of the major routes for the metabolism of alcohol in humans. 7-Methoxy-1-naphthaldehyde can be used as a substrate in immunochemical assays, and its synthetic scheme has been published. 7MNA was also found to have cytotoxic effects on human liver cells in vitro.</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about Calcitonin (8-32) (salmon I) trifluoroacetate salt including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>2-Acetamido-5-bromobenzoic acid methyl ester is a mixture of compounds that is used as a pharmaceutical ingredient. It has been shown to be effective in treating diarrhea and dysentery, as well as being effective against certain bacteria such as Clostridium difficile. 2-Acetamido-5-bromobenzoic acid methyl ester was developed from the systematic study of a series of mixed compounds. The elution profile of this compound can be correlated with the elution profile of other compounds to determine whether the compound is present in the sample. The solvent system for this compound is heptane</p>

<p>3,5-Dichlorophenylthiourea is an inorganic compound that can be used as a corrosion inhibitor. It is an acidic compound with a magnetic resonance spectrum that contains amide peaks. This substance is also bifunctional and reacts with potassium dichromate to form an ammonium salt. 3,5-Dichlorophenylthiourea has been shown to inhibit the growth of C. neoformans in human serum and may be useful as a chemotherapy agent for this type of infection. The substance has also been shown to have some effect on chloride ions and may be useful as an environmental pollution control agent or as a chemical substance. 3,5-Dichlorophenylthiourea may react with alkanolamines or polyvinyls in order to form new compounds.</p>

<p>L-alanine-β-naphthylamide is an amino acid that is synthesized by the action of β-Naphtholactamase on l-alanine. It is used as a substrate for enzyme studies and to determine the uptake of substances by cells. L-Alanine-β-naphthylamide has been shown to inhibit the activity of some enzymes, such as aminopeptidases and peptidases. The inhibition may be due to its ability to bind to lysine residues in the active site of these enzymes. This amino acid also inhibits the growth of bacteria at neutral pH and has a bacteriostatic effect at a pH range from 4.5 to 5.5.</p>

<p>Isopomiferin-3',4'-dimethyl ether is a bioactive compound, which is a naturally-occurring flavonoid derivative. It is sourced from various plant species, often found in traditional medicinal plants, exhibiting diverse biological activities due to its complex chemical structure. The mode of action involves interaction with cellular pathways, potentially influencing enzymes and receptor signaling, offering valuable insight into its biochemical and pharmacological properties.</p>

<p>3,4-(Methylenedioxy)-6-nitrocinnamic acid is a cytotoxic molecule that inhibits the growth of cells by interfering with the synthesis of proteins. It binds to DNA and prevents the transcription process from occurring. This molecule has been shown to inhibit endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus functions in plant cells. 3,4-(Methylenedioxy)-6-nitrocinnamic acid has also been used as a polymerization agent for polyacrylamide gels. A number of modifications have been made to this molecule in order to increase its effectiveness, such as methyl esterification and mutagenesis. This compound has also been shown to enhance Taxol's anti-cancer effects on cell cultures.</p>

<p>4'-Ethylacetophenone is an organic compound with the chemical formula C8H10O. It is a colorless liquid that has a spicy odor. This substance can be found in friedel-crafts reactions of capsicum annuum, as well as being one of the reaction products from surinamensis. It can be identified by FT-IR spectroscopy and shows an odorant receptor activity. 4'-Ethylacetophenone is used in the production of ethyl formate, which is used as a solvent and a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of other compounds. The kinetic data for this substance are available, and it has been shown to have functional groups such as chloride and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 4'-Ethylacetophenone is expressed in Xenopus oocytes.END&gt;</p>

<p>5-b-Pregnan-3-a,11-a-,20-b-triol is a high quality research chemical with CAS No. 55647-22-8. It is a complex compound that can be used as an intermediate in the synthesis of other compounds. 5-b-Pregnan-3-a,11-a-,20-b-triol is a speciality chemical that has many uses and is also a versatile building block for synthesis. This reagent can be used to create new compounds or to react in different ways with other chemicals to produce useful scaffolds or building blocks for reactions. 5 b pregna 3 a, 11 a, 20 b triol has been shown to have the ability to react with other chemicals in order to form useful reaction components.</p>

<p>4-Methoxycinnamylidene acetaldehyde is a versatile building block with a CAS number of 27394-81-6. It is used in the research and production of fine chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and high quality reagents. 4-Methoxycinnamylidene acetaldehyde can be used as a useful scaffold for the synthesis of complex compounds. This building block is also a useful intermediate in organic chemistry reactions.</p>

<p>2,6-Difluoro-4-hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester is an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO). It inhibits the oxidation of monoamines such as norepinephrine and serotonin. The inhibition of MAO leads to increase in norepinephrine levels and decrease in serotonin levels. 2,6-Difluoro-4-hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester has been shown to have antidepressant effects. This drug has also been shown to be effective for treating intraocular hypertension, by inhibiting the formation rate of aqueous humor and lowering intraocular pressure.</p>

<p>N2'-Deacetyl-N2'-(4-mercapto-4-methyl-1-oxopentyl)-maytansine (DMAP) is a structural analogue of maytansinoids that has potent antitumor activity against renal cell cancer. DMAP binds to the active site of wild type enzyme, and inhibits its activity. DMAP also inhibits the activities of other enzymes that are involved in the synthesis of proteins and other cellular components. The inhibition of these enzymes by DMAP leads to tumor cell death. This drug was found to be more cytotoxic at higher doses than the parent compound, maytansinol, which indicates that DMAP has a higher affinity for its target enzyme. The cytotoxicity of this drug is not affected by platinum resistance in ovarian cancer cells or by P-glycoprotein (Pgp) inhibitors such as verapamil and cyclosporin A.</p>

<p>Use as a positive control when detecting nitroreductase activity</p>

<p>Synthetic analog of dolastatin 10; cytotoxic; inhibits tubulin polymerization</p>

<p>2-Fluoro-5-iodobenzoic acid methyl ester is a fine chemical that is useful as a building block for the synthesis of complex compounds. It is also used as an intermediate in organic syntheses, and in research and development as a reaction component or speciality chemical. 2-Fluoro-5-iodobenzoic acid methyl ester has been shown to be effective in the synthesis of high quality reagents.</p>

<p>(-)-beta-Elemene is a natural product with antifungal and anticancer properties. It has been shown to have strong in vitro activity against myeloma cell lines, HL-60 cells, and K562 cells, which are all human cancer cell lines. (-)-beta-Elemene has also been shown to be active against group P2 bacteria, including Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. This compound has been found to inhibit the growth of solid tumours in vivo. (-)-beta-Elemene inhibits the energy metabolism of cells by altering the mitochondrial membrane potential and blocking ATP synthesis. It also induces apoptosis by regulating key cell signaling pathways, such as caspase activation and Akt/mTOR pathway inhibition.</p>

<p>4'-Hydroxy-3,4-methylenedioxychalcone is a reaction component that belongs to the category of fine chemicals. It is a useful scaffold for the synthesis of complex compounds and can be used as a reagent for the preparation of other chemical substances. 4'-Hydroxy-3,4-methylenedioxychalcone is an intermediate in the manufacture of certain drugs such as taxol, which is used to treat breast cancer. The CAS number for this substance is 19152-39-7.</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about 3-(4-chlorophenyl)spiro[1,3-thiazolidine-2,3'-indoline]-4,7-dione including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>4-Methylcinnamic acid is a cinnamic acid derivative that is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of various drugs. It can be synthesized from 2-chlorocinnamic acid, which is prepared by reaction with phosphorus pentachloride. 4-Methylcinnamic acid is also able to be oxidized to 4-hydroxycinnamic acid, which has been shown to have anti-aging effects. The molecule can be modeled using molecular dynamics simulations and was found to be polarizable and diffracting.</p>