Steroids

Betamethasone is a synthetic corticosteroid, which is an analogue of a glucocorticoid sourced from adrenal cortex hormones. Its mode of action involves modulating the immune response by inhibiting the release of substances in the body that cause inflammation. This is achieved through its binding affinity to glucocorticoid receptors, leading to transcriptional changes that suppress pro-inflammatory cytokine production and other mediators of inflammation.

Dioscin is a steroidal saponin, which is a naturally occurring compound found in various plants, notably in species such as Dioscorea nipponica and Dioscorea zingiberensis. These plants belong to the yam family, which are well-regarded for their medicinal properties. The mode of action of dioscin involves modulation of various biochemical pathways, including the suppression of inflammatory cytokines and inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. Additionally, dioscin has been shown to promote apoptosis in cancer cells through the activation of caspases and disruption of mitochondrial function.

Formononetin is a naturally occurring isoflavone, which is a type of phytoestrogen found predominantly in legumes like red clover and other related plant species. It is a secondary metabolite that influences various biological processes by interacting with estrogen receptors. Formononetin acts primarily by mimicking or modulating the activity of natural estrogens within the body, binding to estrogen receptors and influencing gene expression and cellular responses.

Polyphyllin B (Formosanin C) is a natural saponin compound, which is derived from the rhizomes of plants in the genus Paris, particularly Paris polyphylla. Known for its biological activity, Polyphyllin B functions primarily by disrupting cellular membranes and inducing apoptosis in cancer cells through various signaling pathways, including the mitochondrial pathway. This mechanism is attributed to its ability to interfere with cancer cell proliferation and promote cell death, making it a compound of interest in oncological research.

9,10-Secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-trien-3beta-ol is a secosteroid compound, which is predominantly derived from the photochemical conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin upon exposure to ultraviolet B radiation. This compound undergoes a series of hepatic and renal hydroxylations to form active vitamin D metabolites, such as calcitriol. These active forms modulate calcium and phosphate homeostasis through a nuclear receptor-mediated mechanism that governs gene expression relevant to mineral metabolism.

Zuclomiphene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), which is derived from clomiphene citrate, a mixture containing two isomers, zuclomiphene and enclomiphene. Zuclomiphene acts by binding to estrogen receptors, exhibiting both estrogenic and anti-estrogenic effects depending on the target tissue. This dual action makes it a valuable tool in modulating estrogen receptor activity for scientific research.

Applications 4,4,4-Trimethoxybutanoic Acid Methyl Ester is an substituent in the synthesis of Methyl Prednisolone (M325934).
References Ueno, H., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 34, 2468 (1991);

Halcinonide is a potent topical corticosteroid, which is a synthetically derived compound from hydrocortisone. It operates by penetrating the cell membranes and binding to cytoplasmic receptors, leading to a subsequent translocation to the nucleus where it modulates genetic expression. This action results in diminished synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines, thereby exerting strong anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, and vasoconstrictive effects.

Applications 4-Pregnen-17alpha,21-diol-3,20-dione-21,21-d2 (CAS# 1271728-08-5) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.

Applications Tauro-d4-cholic Acid Sodium Salt is a useful isotopically labeled compound of Sodium Taurocholate (S080848)

Applications Testosterone Palmitate-d31 is the labeled analogue of Testosterone Palmitate (T155140) which is found in male serum.
References Addo, S.B., et. al.: Steroid, 54, 257 (1989)

Applications 17beta-Dihydroequilin-2,4,16,16,17-d5 is a useful isotopically labeled compound of 17β-Dihydro Equilin (D449130)

Applications An impurity of Norethindrone Acetate (N675990).

Applications Epoxy Metradiene is an impurity from synthesis of Fluorometholone (F593145),a glucocorticoid; anti-inflammatory.
References Kupferman, A., et al.: Arch. Ophthlmol., 640, 100 (1982); Tokunaga H., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 32, 4012 (1984);

Applications Prostanozol (P838700) derivative.

Applications 11,12-Dehydroxy-Betamethasone is an impurity of the steroid Betamethasone (B327000) which is a glucocorticoid used as an anti-inflammatory agent.
References Ferrante, M.G., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 6, 43 (1977), Li, A., et al.: Chem. Biol. Interact., 142, 7 (2002), Cruz-Monteagudo, M., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 40, 1030 (2005), Rothfuss, A., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 19, 1313 (2006),

Applications 7,7-Azo-3-α,12-α-dihydroxycholanic Acid (cas# 86992-52-1) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.

Applications 3β-Hydroxy Progesterone is a biotransformation product of Progesterone (P755900), by Chlorella spp. Progesterone is a steroid hormone produced by the corpus luteum. Induces maturation and secretory activity of the uterine endothelium; suppresses ovulation. Progesterone is implicated in the etiology of breast cancer
References Pollio, A., et al.: Phytochem., 42, 685 (1996); Anderson, E., et al.: Breast Cancer Res., 4, 197 (2002); Lanari, C., et al.: Breast Cancer Res., 4, 240 (2002); Albrecht, E.D., et al.: Front. Biosci., 8, 416 (2003); Qiu, M., et al.: J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 85, 147 (2003);

Applications 10β-Hydroperoxy Norethindrone Acetate is a derivative of Norethindrone (N676000), a progesterone in combination with acetate used as an oral contraceptive (1,2). It is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.
References 1. Shroff, A. et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subst. 1975 ; 4;268-293;

Applications 20β-Dihydro Pregnenolone is a metabolite of Pregnenolone (P712200).
References Purdy, R., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 33, 1572 (1990), Bixo, M., et al.: Brain Res., 764, 173 (1997), Huang, X., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 275, 29452 (2000),

Applications 4-Pregnen-11beta,17alpha-diol-3,20-dione-2,2,4,6,6,21,21,21-d8 is a useful isotopically labeled compound of 21-Deoxy Cortisol (D232605)

Applications 5-Androstenediol is a steroid androgen metabolite of Testosterone (T155000), the principal hormone of the testes, produced by the interstitial cells.
References Miller, M., et al.: Steroids., 78, 15 (2013); Baker, M.E., et al.: Steroids., 77, 1192 (2012); Ronis, M.J.J. et al.: Comp. Biochem. Physiol.-C: Pharmacol. Toxicol. Endocrinol., 121C, 221 (1998);

Impurity Levonorgestrel EP Impurity D
Applications 13-Ethyl-18,19-dinor-17α-pregn-4-en-20-yn-17-ol (Levonorgestrel EP Impurity D) is an impurity of Levonorgestrel.
References McGinty, D., et al.: Endocrinology, 24, 829 (1939), Belanger, A., et al.: Steroids, 37, 361 (1981), Nieman, L., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 61, 536 (1985), Klebe, G., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 37, 4130 (1994),

Impurity Beclometasone Dipropionate EP Impurity C
Applications An impurity of Beclomethasone Dipropionate (B131030).

Applications Cholesteryl n-butyrate (cas# 521-13-1) is a useful research chemical.

Applications 4-Methoxyestrone-1,2,16,16-d4 is a useful isotopically labeled compound of 4-Methoxy Estrone (M226135)

Applications 1,4-Androstadien-17alpha-methyl-17beta-ol-3-one-2,4,6alpha-d3 is a useful isotopically labeled compound of Methandrostenolone (M226000)

Applications 3-Isopropenyl-2-oxo-1-benzimidazolinebutyric Acid Ethyl Ester (cas# 116199-87-2) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.

Applications 6β-Hydroxy Betamethasone can be used as analyte in analytical study for detecting betamethasone metabolites in human urine using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry.
References Matabosch, X., et al.: Drug Testing and Analysis, 7, 663-672 (2015)

Applications [18O] Cholesterol can be used as a practical tracer for studies of cholesterol metabolism in humans.
References Hudgins, L.C., et al.: Biomed. Environ. Mass Spect., 17, 463 (1988),

Applications 21-Acyloxycorticosteroid derivative. Antiinflammatory.
References Ko, D. et al.; Steroids 67, 211 (2002)

Applications 2-Hydroxyestrone-3-methyl Ether is an estrogen metabolite which can be used as a biomarker to determine cancer risks and metabolic diseases.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Schairer, C., et al.: Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., 25, 105 (2016); Li, X., et al.: Steroids, 99, 84 (2015)