Steroids and Derivatives

<p>Applications Testosterone (T155000) derivative. It is a potent androgen with anabolic properties. Since the begining of the year 2005, the use of steroid precursors (prohormones) is illegal in the United States. Controlled substance.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Liao, S., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 248, 6154 (1973), Saartok, T., et al.: Endocrinology, 114, 2100 (1984), Sugawara, T., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 278, 42487 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Digitoxigenin has been used in a study to assess its stereochemical effects in cancer cytotoxicity. It has also been used in a study to investigate the advantage of gold(I)-catalyzed glycosidation of glycosyl o-alkyl benzoates to assemble digitoxin.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Hinds, J., et al.: Chemmedchem, 8, 63 (2013); Ma, Y., et al.: J. Org. Chem., 76, 9748 (2011)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Progesterone EP Impurity C<br>Applications 20β-Dihydroprogesterone (Progesterone EP Impurity C) is an impurity of Progesterone (P755900), a steroid hormone secreted by the corpus luteum. Progesterone have various significant physiological roles, such as inducing the maturation and secretory activities of the uterine endothelium and the suppression of ovulation. Progesterone is also implicated in the etiology of breast cancer.<br>References Anderson, E., et al.: Breast Cancer Res., 4, 197 (2002), Lanari, C., et al.: Breast Cancer Res., 4, 240 (2002), Albrecht, E.D., et al.: Front. Biosci., 8, 416 (2003), Qiu, M., et al.: J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 85, 147 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Fluocinolone Acetonide EP Impurity C<br>Applications Fluocinolone, is a medication, used to treat the itching, redness, dryness, crusting, scaling, inflammation, and discomfort of various skin condition. It is also a derivative of Fluocinolone Acetonide (F455800).<br>References Sammul, et al.: J. Assoc. Off. Agric. Chem., 47, 952 (1964), Emerson, M.V., et al.: BioDrugs, 21, 245 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications Selective aldosterone receptor antagonist (SARA), structurally similar to Spiranolactone. Eplerenone is used alone or in combination with other medications to treat high blood pressure. Eplerenone is in a class of medications called mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. It works by blocking the action of aldosterone, a natural substance in the body that raises blood pressure.<br>References de Gasparo, M., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 240, 650 (1987), Delyani, J.A., et al.: Cardiovasc. Drug Rev., 19, 185 (2001), Burgess, E., et al.: Expert. Opin. Pharmacother., 5, 2573 (2004), Ravis, W.R., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 45, 810 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Norethindrone (N676000).<br>References Layne, D.S., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 12, 905 (1963),<br></p>

<p>Applications 6β-Hydroxy Betamethasone can be used as analyte in analytical study for detecting betamethasone metabolites in human urine using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry.<br>References Matabosch, X., et al.: Drug Testing and Analysis, 7, 663-672 (2015)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Ethinylestradiol EP Impurity B<br>Applications 9,11-Dehydro Ethynyl Estradiol (Ethinylestradiol EP Impurity B) is a degradation product of Ethynyl Estradiol (EE); an impurity of Ethynyl Estradiol (E685100).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Pang, C., et al.: Steroids, 23, 203 (1974), Leese, M., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 49, 7683 (2006), Krstic, N., et al.: Steroids, 72, 406 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications 6α,9α-Difluoroprednisolone 17-Acetate, is an impurity of Difluprednate (D445925), which is shown to have antiinflammatory activity.<br>References Vitali, R., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 20, 853 (1977);<br></p>

<p>Applications Max LMG is a progestin derived steroid and not a 17-alpha alkylated steroid. Max LMG is structurally related to RU-486 and acts as an antiprogesterone, decreasing estrogen-like effects.<br>References Eenoo, P.V., et al.: J. Steroid. Biochem. Molec. Biol., 101, 161 (2006); Kafrouni, M. I., Clinical. Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 5, 805 (2007); Ponsoid, K., et al.: Pharmazie., 33, 729 (1978);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Finasteride EP Impurity A<br>Applications Dihydro Finasteride (Finasteride EP Impurity A) is the reduced product of Finasteride (F342000): a mechanism-based inhibitor of human prostate and skin steroid 5α-reductase. It forms an enzyme-bound NADP-dihydrofinasteride adduct during this inhibitory process.<br>References Bull, H.G. et al.: Am. J. Chem. Soc., 118, 2359 (1996); Liang, T. et al.: Endocrinol., 117, 571 (1985); Ellsworth, K.P. et al.: J. Steroid Bioche. Mol. Biol., 66, 271 (1998);<br></p>

<p>Applications Estradiol Cypionate is present in injectable contraceptive formulations. Used in hormone replacement therapy with potential for improving cognition in post-menopausal women.<br>References Thurman, A. et al.: Contra., 87, 738 (2013); Sales, J. et al.: Theriogen., 78, 510 (2012); Rapp, P. et al.: J. neurosci., 23, 5708 (2003);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Progesterone EP Impurity B<br>Applications Δ4-Pregnen-20α-ol-3-one (Progesterone EP Impurity B) is the main metabolite of Progesterone (P755900). Studies shows regulation of estrogen receptor levels in breast cancer by Δ4-Pregnen-20α-ol-3-one and other progesterone metabolites.<br>References Zhang, L. et al.: Yaoz. Xueb., 39, 613 (2004); Pawlak, K.J. et al.: J. Steroid. Biochem. Mol. Biol., 107, 172 (2007);<br></p>

<p>Applications Steroid hormone produced by the corpus luteum. Induces maturation and secretory activity of the uterine endothelium; suppresses ovulation. Progesterone is implicated in the etiology of breast cancer.<br>References Anderson, E., et al.: Breast Cancer Res., 4, 197 (2002), Lanari, C., et al.: Breast Cancer Res., 4, 240 (2002), Albrecht, E.D., et al.: Front. Biosci., 8, 416 (2003), Qiu, M., et al.: J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 85, 147 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Equilin (E592800).<br>References Enmark, E., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 82, 4258 (1997), Wang, Z., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 43, 2419 (2000), Jiang, X., et al.: Steroids, 71, 334 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications Danazol is an anterior pituitary supressant. Danazol is an anabolic steroid derivative of ethisterone, with mild androgenic side effects (an impeded androgen). Antigonadotropin.<br>References Ahn, Y.S., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 308, 1396 (1983),<br></p>

<p>Applications Prednisolone 17-Acetate is an intermediate in the preparation of anti-inflammatory drugs.<br>References Yoon, Kyoung-Jin, et al.: Steroids, 60(7), 445-51 (1995);Uszycka-Horawa, Teresa, et al.: Pol., PL 161012 B1 19930531 (1993)<br></p>

<p>Applications A glucocorticoid anti-inflammatory agent. Regulates T cell survival, growth, and differentiation. Inhibits the induction of nitric oxide synthase.<br>References Wershil, B.K., et al.: Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol., 107, 323 (1995), Riccardi, C., et al.: Cell Death Diff., 6, 1182 (1999), Llanos, S.L. and Roldan, A.: Bio Cell, 23, 29 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Applications 4β-Hydroxy Cholesterol-d7 is a labelled metabolite of Cholesterol. It is formed from Cholesterol by the drug-metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P 450 3A4. A potential ligand for the nuclear receptor LXR and also a new endogenous CYP3A marker.<br>References Breuer, O., et al.: J. Lipid Res., 36, 2275 (1995), Pikuleva, I., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 273, 18153 (1998), Chawla, A., et al.: Science, 294, 1866 (2001), Bodin, K., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 276, 38685 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Etiocholanolone.<br>References Eriksson, H., et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 15, 132 (1970), Cook, D., et al.: Endocrinology, 93, 1019 (1973),<br></p>

<p>Applications (5α)-Pregnane-3,20-dione exerts neuroprotective effects in chronic autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The neuroactivity of the steroid acts as a therapeutic agent for multiple sclerosis.<br>References Caruso, D. et al.: J. Neuroendocrinol., 24, 851 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled progestogen with low androgenic potency.<br>References Viinikka, L., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 15, 349 (1979), Bergink, E.W., et al.: J. Steroid Biochem., 14, 175 (1981)<br></p>

<p>Applications Cholesterol is a major component of all biological membranes; ~25% of total brain lipid is Cholesterol. Cholesterol is the principal sterol of the higher animals. Cholesterol was found in all body tissues, especial in the brain, spinal cord, and in animal fats or oils. Cholesterol is the main constituent of gallstones. This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs).<br>References Rosin, Z., et al.: Physiol. Chem., 124, 282 (1923), Schoenheimer, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 105, 355 (1934), Gemant, et al.: Life Sci., 1, 233 (1962), Johnson, K., et al.: 4, 457 (1964),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Fulvestrant (F862500).<br>References Rao, P., et al.: J. Steroid Biochem., 25, 417 (1986), Wakeling, A., et al.: J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 43, 173 (1992), DeFriend, D., et al.: Cancer Res., 54, 408 (1994),<br></p>

<p>Applications Bisnorcholenaldehyde can be used to prepare 27-Nor-Δ4-dafachronic acid as a synthetic ligand of Caenorhabditis elegans DAF-12 receptor. It is also used to synthesize 3β,6α-dihydroxy-5α-cholan-23-one.<br>References Samaja, G., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 23, 2893 (2013); Nahar, L., et al.: Tetrahedron, 59, 8623 (2003)<br></p>

<p>Applications Digoxin derivative, a cardiotonic glycosides steroid.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Yoshida, F., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 43, 2575 ( 2000), Turner, J., et al.: Pharm. Res., 21, 68 (2004), Wang, J., et al.: Anal. Chim. Acta, 601, 156 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications 5-Androsten-3,17-dione has been used in the synthetic preparation of androstenediones for treatment of hormone-related disorders.<br>References Davies, H., et al.: U.S. (2011), WO 2011127232 A2<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 6-Bromo-Betamethasone 17,21-Dipropionate (Betamethasone Dipropionate EP Impurity H) is an impurity of Betamethasone (B327000), a glucocorticoid used as an anti-inflammatory agent.<br>References Ferrante, M.G., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 6, 43 (1977); Li, A., et al.: Chem. Biol. Interact., 142, 7 (2002); Cruz-Monteagudo, M., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 40, 1030 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Applications A derivative of Danazol (D145000).<br>References Manson, A.J., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 6, 1 (1963), Jordan, V.C., et al.: Endocrinology, 124, 1717 (1989),<br></p>

<p>Applications Dihydro Dutasteride is an impurity arose during the process development of Dutasteride (D735000).<br>References Solomons, W., et al.: J. Pharma. Sci., 63, 19 (1974), Rasmusson, G., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 29, 2298 (1986),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Budesonide EP Impurity C, Budesonide Impurity C,<br>Applications 16α,17-[(1RS)-butylidenebis(oxy)]-11β-hydroxy-17-(hydroxymethyl)-D-homoandrosta-1,4-diene-3,17a-dione (Budesonide EP Impurity C) is an impurity of Budesonide (B689490), an antiinflammatory agent.<br>References Ferraboschi, P. et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 47, 636 (2008);<br></p>

<p>Applications It is a synthetic 17-lactone steroid which is a renal competitive aldosterone antagonist in a class of pharmaceuticals called potassium-sparing diuretics, used primarily to treat ascites in patients with liver disease, low-renin hypertension, hypokalemia, and Conn’s syndrome. A representative lot was 19% d3; 47% d6; 12% d7; 7% d8; 3% d9; 3% d10 and 8% d11.<br>References Sutter, J.L., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 4, 431 (1975),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Mifepristone.<br>References Heikinheimo, O., et al.: J. Steroid Biochem., 26, 279 (1987), Brogden, R., et al.: Drugs, 45, 384 (1993), Shi, Y., et al.: Contraception, 48, 133 (1993), Jang, G., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 52, 753 (1996), Gainer, E., et al.: Steroids, 68, 1005 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Limaprost is an analog of Prostaglandin E1 with structural modifications intended to give it a prolonged half-life and greater potency. Limaprost is used as an antianginal.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Tsuboi, T., et al.: Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn., 247, 89 (1980), Adaikan, P.G., et al.: Prostaglandins Med., 6, 449 (1981), Kottegoda, S.R., et al.: Prostaglandins Leukotrienes Med., 8, 343 (1982), Ishizaki, T., et al.: Chest, 85, 382 (1984),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Equilin (E592800).<br>References Enmark, E., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 82, 4258 (1997), Wang, Z., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 43, 2419 (2000), Jiang, X., et al.: Steroids, 71, 334 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications 9-Desfluoro-11-dehydroxy-9(11)-ene Triamcinolone Acetonide is an impurity of Triamcinolone Acetonide (T767165) which is an antiasthmatic (inhalant) and antiallergic (nasal).<br>References Florey, K., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 1, 397 (1972), Bernstein, I.L., et al.: Chest, 81, 20 (1982),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A metabolite of Estradiol (E888000).<br>References Agasan, A., et al.: J. Immunol. Methods., 177, 251 (1994), Stone, R., et al.: Science, 265, 308 (1994), Tacey, R., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 2, 1303 (1994),<br></p>

<p>Applications Pregnenolone Carbonitrile is a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist that induces the expression of the CYP3A family of steroid hydroxylases and modulates sterol and bile acid biosynthesis in vivo. Pregnenolone Carbonitrile is an an activator of rat pregnane X receptor (PXR).<br>References Kliewer, S.A., et. al.: Cell, 92, 73 (1998); Savas, U., et. al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 28, 529 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Testosterone (T155000). It is a promising androgen for male hormonal contraception.CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE<br>References Glass, A., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 45, 1211 (1977), Behre, H., et al.: Eur. J. Endocrinol., 140, 414 (1999), Nieschlag, E., et al.: Steroids, 68, 965 (2003), Wang, C., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 91, 460 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications Estrogen; antineoplastic (hormonal).<br>References Aboul-Enein, H.Y., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 11, 347 (1982),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Ethinylestradiol EP Impurity A<br>Applications 17-epi-Ethynyl Estradiol (Ethinylestradiol EP Impurity A) is the epimer derivative of Ethynyl Estradiol (E685100). An impurity.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Pomper, M., et al: J. Med. Chem., 33, 3143 (1990), Vulliet, E., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 387, 2143 (2007), Muller, M., et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 27, 1649 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications Dexamethasone-biotin is biotin labelled Dexamethasone. Dexamethasone is a glucocorticoid used as an anti-inflammatory agent. Dexamethasone regulates T cell survival, growth, and differentiation. Dexamethasone inhibits the induction of nitric oxide synthase.<br>References Wershil, B.K., et al.: Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol., 107, 323 (1995), Riccardi, C., et al.: Cell Death Diff., 6, 1182 (1999), Llanos, S.L. and Roldan, A.: Bio Cell, 23, 29 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Applications 5β-Pregnane-3α,20α-diol is a metabolite of Progesterone (P755900).<br>References Beall, et al.: Biochem. J., 31, 35 (1937), Okuda, A., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 259, 7519 (1984), Russell, D., et al.: Biochemistry, 31, 4737 (1992), Kondo, K., et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 219, 357 (1994), Westerbacka, J., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 88, 4924 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Budesonide EP Impurity B<br>Applications Di-Norbudesonide (Budesonide EP Impurity B) is an impurity of Budesonide (B689490), an antiinflammatory agent.<br></p>

<p>Applications A potential metabolite of STS 557 (Dienogest)(D441870). A steroid with antiglucocorticoid activity.<br>References Kloosterboer, H., et al.: J. Steroid Biochem., 31, 567 (1988),<br></p>

<p>Applications An antitumor drug. An aromatase inhibitor.<br>References Brodie, A.M. and Njar, V.C.: Steroids, 65, 171 (2000), Lonning, P.E., et al.: J. Steroid Biochem, 77, 39 (2001)<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Cortisol (H714615). Cortisol, or Hydrocortisone, is a steroid hormone, more specifically a glucocorticoid, produced by the zona fasciculata of the adrenal gland. Cortisol is released in response to stress and a low level of blood glucocorticoids. Its primary functions are to increase blood sugar through gluconeogenesis; suppress the immune system; and aid in fat, protein and carbohydrate metabolism.<br>References Hechter, O., et al.: Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 25, 457 (1950), Colingsworth, D.R., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 203, 807 (1953), Florey, K., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 12, 277 (1983),<br></p>

<p>Applications An aromatase inhibitor.<br>References Aello, A., et al.: J. Nat. Prod., 54, 281 (1991), Salaja, B.A., et al.: Steroids, 59, 330 (1994), Hunter, A.C., et al.: J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 87, 301 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Tibolone. A synthetic steroid with weak estrogenic, androgenic and progestogenic activity. A pharamceutical used in the treatment of menopausal syndrome.<br>References Clarkson, T., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 86, 5396 (2001), Landgren, M., et al.: Maturitas, 50, 222 (2005), Wang, M., et al.: Steroids, 71, 343 (2006), Verheul, H., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 35, 1105 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 16α-Hydroxyprrogesterone is a hydroxylated metabolite of Progesterone (P755900). 16α-Hydroxyprogesterone binds to human progesterone receptors hPR-A and hPR-B and act as an agonist for both receptors.<br>References Ikonen, M. et al.: Nature, 212, 716 (1966); Storbeck, K.-H. et al.: Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 336, 92 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications (25R)-26-Hydroxycholesterol is a desmosterol metabolite that is found in the brain. 26-Hydroxycholesterol has been used as a biomarker for carbon cycling in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea.<br>References Meljon, A., et. al.: J. Lipid Res., 53, 2469 (2012); Christodoulou, S., et. al.: Marine Chem., 113, 25 (2009)<br></p>

<p>Applications Budesonide (B689490) epimer S. Budesonide 22R epimer is more active than 22S epimer. Used as an antiinflammatory agent.<br>References Ryrfeldt., A., et a.: J. Steroid Biochem., 10, 317 (1979), Roth, G., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 69, 766 (1980), Clissold, S.P., et al.: Drugs, 28, 485 (1984),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Deltamedrane is an impurity in the synthesis of Fluorometholone (F593145), a glucocorticoid; anti-inflammatory.<br>References Kupferman, A., et al.: Arch. Ophthlmol., 640, 100 (1982); Tokunaga H., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 32, 4012 (1984);<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled orticosteroid prodrug for the treatment of eye disorders.<br>References Benameur, H., et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 47, 812 (1995), Tauchi, Y., et al.: Biol. Pharm. Bull., 24, 925 (2001), Chono, S., et al.: J. Drug Targeting, 13, 407 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Testosterone (T155000).<br>References Janer, G., et al.: Aquat. Toxicol., 75, 32 ( 2005), Lavado, R., et al.: Steroids, 71, 489 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications 17α-Hydroxy-5α-androstan-3-one is a metabolite of epi-testosterone (T155005). It functions similar to other testosterone analogs, maintaining cell conformation in epithelial cells.<br>References Sinowatz, F. et al.: J. Endocrinol., 73, 53 (1977);<br></p>

<p>Applications The hydrophilic metabolite of Dexamethasone (D298800).<br>References Draper, R., et al.: Drug Res., 32, 317 (1982), Watkins, P., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 52, 265 (1992), Yamamoto, N., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 18, 2301 (2000), Slaviero, K., et al.: Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 57, 44 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications 9-Dehydrotestosterone, is the analogue of Testosterone (T155000), the principal hormone of the testes, produced by the interstitial cells. Major circulating androgen; converted by 5α-reductase in androgen-dependent target tissues to 5α-dehydrotestosterone which is required for normal male sexual differentiation. Also converted by aromatization to Estradiol.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References McFarland, K., et al.: Science, 245, 494 (1989), Heckert, L., et al.: Mol. Endocrinol., 12, 1499 (1998), Themmen, A., et al.: Endocr. Rev. 21, 551 (2000), Kumar, R., et al.: Biol. Reprod., 65, 710 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications D-(-)-Norgestrel 17-Acetate is an impurity of Norgestrel (N689500), progestational and ovulation inhibiting steroid.<br>References Sonneveld, E., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 89, 173 (2006); Sopirak, A.M., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 4, 294 (1975), Dunson, T.R., et al.: Contraception, 48, 109 (1993),<br></p>

<p>Applications Pregnenolone-d6 is the labeled analogue of Pregnenolone (P712200), a steroid hormone involved in the steroidogenesis of progesterone, mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, androgens, and estrogens. As such it is a prohormone. Pregnenolone is a GABAA antagonist and increases neurogenesis in the hippocampus. It is a modulator of cytochrome P 450-3A.<br>References Bjondahl, K., et al.: Med. Biol., 54, 454 (1976); Geick, A., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 276, 14581 (2001); Johnson, D., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 66, 16 (2002); Abe, C., et al.: Lipids, 42, 637 (2007)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Nitrobenzotrifluoride can be used for self-repairing polyimide based on dynamic imine bond.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Lei, X., et.al., Faming Zhuanli Shenqing, 15, (2019);<br></p>

<p>Applications A glucocorticoid microemulsion nasal preparation allergy inhibitor rhinitis.<br>References Fukuoka, E., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 35, 2943 (1987), Schmitt, E., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 88, 291 (1999), Hancock, B., et al.: Pharm. Res., 17, 397 (2000), Hogan, S., et al.: Pharm. Res., 18, 112 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Applications (6α,11β,16α)-21-(Acetyloxy)-6,9-difluoro-11,16,17-trihydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione is an impurity of Fluocinolone Acetonide, Glucocorticoid; anti-inflammatory.<br>References Sammul, et al.: J. Assoc. Off. Agric. Chem., 47, 952 (1964), Emerson, M.V., et al.: BioDrugs, 21, 245 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Methoxy-17α-ethynyl Estradiol is a metabolite of the potent synthetic estrogen 17α-Ethynylestradiol (E685100).<br>References Maggs, J.L. et al.: Xenobiotica, 13, 421 (1983); Maggs, J.L. et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 32, 2793 (1983); Abdel-Aziz, M.T. et al.: Steroids, 15, 695 (1970);<br></p>

<p>Applications Pregnenolone (P712200) derivative, a steroid hormone involved in the steroidogenesis of progesterone, mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, androgens, and estrogens<br>References Bjondahl, K., et al.: Med. Biol., 54, 454 (1976), Geick, A., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 276, 14581 (2001), Johnson, D., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 66, 16 (2002), Abe, C., et al.: Lipids, 42, 637 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Hydrocortisone Acetate EP Impurity E<br>Applications Anecortave (Hydrocortisone Acetate EP Impurity E) is an angiostatic steroid. Used in treatment of macular degeneration.<br>References Clark, A.F., et al.: Expert Opin. Invest. Drugs, 6, 1867 (1997), Slakter, J.S., et al.: Ophthalmology 110, 2372 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Applications 6-Ethylchenodeoxycholic-d5 Acid is an isotope labelled compound of 6-Ethylchenodeoxycholic Acid (E899810), which is used in the investigative treatment of primary biliary cholangitis. Primary biliary cholangitis is an autoimmune disease of the liver that slowly progresses to cirrhosis.<br>References Ali, A. H, et al.: Expert Opin. Orphan Drugs, 4, 1011 (2016)<br></p>

<p>Impurity USP Exemestane Related Compound C<br>Applications Boldenone related steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid.<br>References Watanabe, K., et al.: J. Appl. Bacteriol., 62, 1511 (1987), Barthakur, S., et al.: J. Basic Microbiol., 36, 383 (1996),Grinenko, G., et al.: Pharmaceut. Chem. J., 36, 510 (2002), Bhat, S., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 280, 33015 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications 5-(4-Fluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-3-(1-methylethyl)-2-oxo-N,4-diphenyl-1-[2-tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-2H-pyran-2-yl]ethyl]-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxamide is a photodegradation product of Atorvastatin (A791750).<br>References Cermola, F., et al.: Tetrahedron., 62, 7390 (2006);<br></p>

<p>Applications Clobetasol Propionate Impurity E is an impurity of Clobetasol (C583490), which is a topical corticosteroid. Glucocorticoid; anti-inflammatory.<br>References Olsen, E.A., et al.: J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., 15, 246 (1986),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Norethindrone Acetate EP Impurity B<br>Applications Δ-5(10)-Norethindrone Acetate (Norethindrone Acetate EP Impurity B) is a Norethindrone Acetate (N675990) impurity. Used in studies of progesterone-binding properties of purified uteroglobin-like protein.<br>References Beato, M. et al.: J. Reprod. Fert., 53, 305 (1978); Schroff, A. P., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 4, 268 (1975); Singh, H., et al.: Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 135, 409 (1979);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Betamethasone EP Impurity D<br>Applications Betamethasone 21-O-Ethyl Carbonate (Betamethasone EP Impurity D) is a derivative of Betamethasone (B327000); a glucocorticoid used as an anti-inflammatory agent.4<br>References Ferrante, M.G., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 6, 43 (1977); Li, A., et al.: Chem. Biol. Interact., 142, 7 (2002); Cruz-Monteagudo, M., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 40, 1030 (2005); Rothfuss, A., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 19, 1313 (2006); Xiong, Y., et al.: J. Pharmaceut. Biomed., 49, 646 (2009)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A metabolite of Deflazacort, a systemic corticosteroid, a derivative of prednisolone and used for rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.<br>References Hahn, T.J., et al.: Calcif. Tissue Int., 31, 109 (1980), Cavall-Perin, P., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 26, 357 (1984)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Fluocinolone Acetonide EP Impurity G<br>Applications Flurandrenolone Acetate, is the derivative of Flurandrenolide (F598650), which is a Glucocorticoid, used as an antipsoriatic.<br>References Pearlman, R., et al.: Int. J. Pharm., 18, 53 (1984), Neufeld, E., et al.: J. Chromatogr., 718, 273 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Applications Dexamethasone Acid Ethyl Ester is a derivative of Dexamethasone (D298800), a glucocorticoid used as an anti-inflammatory agent. Dexamethasone regulates T cell survival, growth, and differentiation. Dexamethasone inhibits the induction of nitric oxide synthase.<br>References Wershil, B.K., et al.: Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol., 107, 323 (1995), Riccardi, C., et al.: Cell Death Diff., 6, 1182 (1999), Llanos, S.L. and Roldan, A.: Bio Cell, 23, 29 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Applications Prostaglandin analog, used to treat glaucoma and other degenerative diseases of the eye.<br>References Rhee, D.J., et al.: Clinic. Ophthalmol., 2, 313 (2008), Hernandez, M., et al.: Exp. Eye Res., 86, 798 (2008), Nagata, T., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Sci., 106, 423 (2008), Ikeda, Y., et al.: J. Ocular Pharmacol. Ther., 24, 230 (2008),<br></p>