Flavonoids and Polyphenols

<p>Applications trans-p-Coumaric Acid is the E-isomer of p-Coumaric Acid (C755365), a hydroxy derivative of Cinnamic Acid with antioxidant properties. p-Coumaric acid is a is a major component of lignocellulose. Studies suggest that p-Coumaric Acid may reduce the risk of cancer by reducing the formation of carcinogenic nitrosamines.<br>References Kikugawa, K. et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 1, 780 (1983); Ferguson, L.R. et al.: Mol. Nutrit. Food Res., 585 (2005); Chung, F.L. et al.: IARC Sci. Pub., 57, 797 (1984);<br></p>

<p>Applications Methyleugenol is a phenylpropene that is commonly found in plants such as nutmeg, pimento, lemongrass, tarragon, basil, star anise, and fennel. Methyleugenol has been shown to inhibit histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity in the human colon carcinoma cell line HT29. Compounds that exhibit HDAC-inhibitory properties or disrupt the HDAC complex have potential applications in cancer therapy and chemoprevention. In addition, Methyleugenol is a flavoring agent often used in consumer products such as jellies, baked goods, beverages,chewing gums, ice cream, and fragrance.<br>References Groh, I. A., et al.: J Nutr Metab. 2013, 821082 (2013); R. L. Smith, et al.: Food Chem Toxicol 40, 851 (2002)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic, Light Sensitive<br>Applications 13C-labelled Phenol (P318000).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br></p>

<p>Applications Honokiol is a small-molecule polyphenol isolated from the genus Magnolia. Recent studies show that Honokiol displays antiangiogenic, antiinflammatory, and antitumor properties in preclinical models, without appreciable toxicity. Honokiol has been shown to inhibit the bone metastatic growth of human prostate cancer cells.<br>References Fried, L.E. et al.: Antioxid. Redox Signal,. 11, 1139 (2009); Chen, X.R. et al.: Int. J. Oral Sci., 3, 34 (2011); Shigemura, K. et al.: Cancer, 109, 1279 (2007); Bai, X. et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 278, 35501 (2003);<br></p>

<p>Applications Bisdemethoxycurcumin is one of the three major forms of curcuminoids found in the rhizomes of turmeric. Bisdemethoxycurcumin displays antioxidant, anti-inflammatory as well as chemotherapeutic activity. Bisdemethoxycurcumin acts as an inhibitor of human pancreatic α-amylase, a target for type-2 diabetes .<br>References Ponnusamy, S. et al.: Food Chem., 135, 2638 (2012); Hung, C.-M. et al.: J. Agric. Food. Chem., 60, 8427 (2012); Jayaprakasha, G.K. et al.: Food Chem., 98, 720 (2006);<br></p>

<p>Applications Isotope labelled Triclosan is used as bactericide and preservative for cosmetic and detergent compositions (1). Broadly used as an antiseptic and disinfectant (2). This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs). Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References 1. Lindström, A. et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002 Jun 1;36(11):2322-9. 2. Ruszkiewicz, J. et al.: J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B. Crit. Rev. 2017;20(2):104-117.<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Ferulic acid (4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid or, in IUPAC nomenclature, 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)prop-2-enoic acid) which is a highly abundant phenolic phytochemical which is present in plant cell walls. It may have significant health benefits through its antioxidant and anti-cancer activity, and may also serve as a precursor in the manufacturing of useful aromatic compounds. Used as an antioxidant.<br>References Smart, M.G., et al.: Aust. J. Plant Physiol., 6, 485 (1979), Chen, C., et al.: J. Food Lipids, 2, 35,1995, Benzie, I., et al.: Anal. Biochem. 239, 70 (1996), Nardini, M., et al.: Food Chem., 79, 119 (2002), Lee, J., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 52, 2647 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications Widely distributed in small amounts in plants. Used as an antioxidant and food preservative.<br>References Smart, M.G., et al.: Aust. J. Plant Physiol., 6, 485 (1979), Chen, C., et al.: J. Food Lipids, 2, 35,1995, Benzie, I., et al.: Anal. Biochem. 239, 70 (1996), Nardini, M., et al.: Food Chem., 79, 119 (2002), Lee, J., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 52, 2647 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Chloroxylenol. Chloroxylenol is an antiseptic and germicide. Chloroxylenol is used for mildew prevention. Chloroxylenol is also an antibacterial.<br>References Heberer, T., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 131, 5 (2002); Nikolaou, A., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 387, 1225 (2007); Focazio, M., et al.: Sci. Total Environ., 402, 201 (2008); Miege, C., et al.: Environ. Pollut., 157, 1721 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Applications Pinocembrin is a flavanoid with antioxidant activity found in damiana, honey, and propolis. Recent studies show that Pinocembrin maybe be a therapeutic option in reducing cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury as a result of its anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects. Pinocembrin displayed neuroprotective effects in glutamate injury model partly by inhibiting p53 expression causing a lower Bax-Bcl-2 ratio and by inhibiting the release of cytochrome c.<br>References Zhao, J. et al.: J. Ethnopharmacol., 120, 387 (2008); Liu, R. et al.: Brain Res., 1216, 104 (2008); Gao, M. et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 591, 73 (2008);<br></p>

<p>Applications Allyl Bromide is used as a reagent in the synthesis of Resveratrol derivatives. Resveratrol (R150000) is a minor constituent of wine, correlated with serum lipid reduction and inhibition of platelet aggregation. Resveratrol is a specific inhibitor of COX-1, and it also inhibits the hydroperoxidase activity of COX-1. It has been shown to inhibit events associated with tumor initiation, promotion and progression.<br> E0<br>References Powell, R.G., et al.: Phytochemistry, 35, 335 (1994), Jeandet, P., et al.: J. Phytopathol., 143, 135 (1995), Mattivi, F., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 43, 1820 (1995); Mulakayala, C. et al.: J. Mol. Graph. Model., 41, 43 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Stability Unstable in Solution<br>Applications Kaempferol is a plant flavonoid.<br>References Hertog, M., et al.: Nutr. Cancer, 20, 21 (1993), Peluso, M., et al.: Carcinogenesis, 21, 183 (2000), Briggs, W., et al.: Plant Physiol., 125, 85 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Diosmin EP Impurity C<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Isorhoifolin (Diosmin EP Impurity C) is a naturally occurring flavonoid that was shown to exhibit potential antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant effects.<br>References Bansa, P., et al.: Exp. Toxicol. Pathol.,64, 651 (2012); Negro, D., et al.: J. Food. Sci., 77, 244 (2012); Seo, O.N., et al.: Food. Chem., 134, 572 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications tBHQ is an antioxidant in induction of AP-1, NF-κB, and glutathione S-transferase gene expression. It also disrupts ability of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1(Keap1) to target Nrf2, a bZIP transcription factor, for proteasome-mediated degradation and promote nuclear accumulation of Nrf2.<br>References Pinkus, R., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 271, 13422 (1996); Zhang, D., et al.: Mol. Cell. Bio., 23, 8137 (2003)<br></p>

<p>Applications Harpagoside is an iridoid glycoside along with with Harpagide (H105270), the potential to be strong anti-inflammatory agents providing the bulk of the observed effects from their plant origins.<br>References Zhang, L. et al.: Bioorg Med. Chem., 19, 4882 (2011); Wen, B. et al.: J. Ethnopharm., 147, 503 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of the flavanoid Quercetin (Q509500) with antioxidant properties. It helps to protect H9c2 cardiomyoblasts against H2O2-induced oxidative stress via the modulation of PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 signaling pathways.<br>References Duenas, M. et al.: Eur. Food Res. Technol., 232, 103 (2011); Ameho, C.K. et al.: J. Nutrit. Biochem., 19, 467 (2008); Angeloni, C. et al.: Biochimie, 89, 73 (2007);<br></p>

<p>Applications The cis isomer of human metabolite of Resveratrol (R150000).<br>References Athar, M., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 224, 274 (2007), Bernhardt, R., et al.: J. Biotechnol., 124, 128 (2006), Fairman, D.A., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 35, 2159 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Quercetin 3-O-β-D-Glucuronide is a metabolite of Quercetin (Q509500).<br>References Ajay, M., et al.: Life Sci., 74, 603 (2003), Shen, S., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 197, 84 (2004), Amira, S., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol. 599, 126 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications Naturally occurring flavonic glycoside; rhamnoglycoside of Diosmetin. Capillary protectant.<br>References Damon, M., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 37, 1149 (1987), Laurent, R., et al.: Int. Angiol., 7, 39 (1988), Tajana, A., et al.: Minerva Med., 79, 387 (1988),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Exhibits specific inhibitory activity against tyrosine kinases,including autophosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor kinase (IC50 - 2.6uM). Also inhibits other protein kinases through competitive inhibition of ATP. Inhibits tumor cell proliferation and induces tumor cell differentiation. Produces cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in Jurat T-leukemia cells. However, it prevents anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody-induced thymic apoptosis. Genistein also inhibits topoisomerase II activity in vitro. Genistein has also been shown to inhibit the action of GABA on recombinant GABAA receptors 2. uv(max)ethanol: 262.5 nm (e= 138). moderately sol. in hot alcohol<br>References Akiyama, T., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 262, 5592 (1987), O'Dell, T.J., et al.: Nature, 353, 588 (1991), Aharonovits, O., et al.: Biochim Biophys. Acta, 1112, 181 (1992), Platanias, L.C., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 267, 24053 (1992), Yoshida, H., et al.: Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1137, 321 (1992), Uckun, F.M., et al.: Science, 267, 886 (1995), Merck Index 12th ed. 4395, Huang, R.Q.; Fang, M.J.; Dillon, G.H., Mol. Brain Res. 67: 177-183 (1999)<br></p>