Toxicology

<p>Applications An enantiomeric impurity of Ezetimibe (E975005), an antihyperlipoproteinemic and cholesterol absorption inhibitor.<br></p>

<p>Applications Methyl Lithocholate is an derivative of Lithocholic Acid (L469180),a cholic acid derivative as TGR5 modulator. Found in ox bile, human bile, rabbit bile, and in ox and pig gallstones.<br>References Roleira, F.M., et al.: Lett. Drug. Design. Discovery., 7, 610 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Troglitazone Sulfate is the major metabolite of Troglitazone (T892500), a hypoglycemic agent with cholestatic effect.<br>References Ciaraldi, T.P., et al.: Metabolism, 39, 1056 (1990); Kuzuya, T., et al.: Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract., 11, 147 (1991); Kellerer, M., et al.: Diabetes, 43, 447 (1994); Adachi, Y., et al.: Mol. Pharmacol., 67, 923 (2005);<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Benzydamine (B209950).<br>References Kataoka, S., et al.: Chem. Pharma. Bull., 21, 358 (1973),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Ouabain (O714500). A cardiac glycoside that inhibits Na(+)/K(+) ATPase. It regulates transcription of MDR (increase, Pgp) and MRP (increase MRP1 and decrease CFTR, cyctic fibrosis transport receptor or cAMP-activated Cl- channel) genes, also alters localization of MRP1.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Padilha, A.S. et al.: Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol., 35, 801 (2008); Blaustein, M.P. et al.: Clin. Exp. Hypertens. 20, 691 (1998); van Huysse, J.W. et al.: Clin. Exp. Hypertens. 20, 657 (1998);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Propofol EP Impurity E; Propofol USP Related Compound A<br>Applications Dipropofol (Propofol EP Impurity E) is a dimeric derivative of Propofol (P829750). Dipropofol is an antibacterial agent with strong activity againts Gram-positive bacteria. Dipropofol also displays antioxidant and radical scavenging activity. Propofol USP Related Compound A.<br>References Ogata, M. et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 53, 344 (2005); Ogata, M. et al.: Biol. Pharmac. Bull., 30, 1565 (2007);<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Hydroxy Propofol sulfate sodium salt is a derivative of Propofol, a hypnotic intravenous agent that is commonly used as an anasthetic for conscious sedation.<br>References GüLCIN, I., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 53, 281 (2005); Koshy, G., et al.: Am. J. Gastroenterol., 95, 1476 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Atorvastatin EP Impurity G<br>Applications Atorvastatin derivative.<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Rosuvastatin tert-Butyl Ester, is a metabolite of Rosuvastatin (R700500) a selective, competitive HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor.<br>References Watanabe, M., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 5, 437 (1997), Lee, E., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 78, 330 (2005), Ferdinand, K.C., et al.: Am. J. Cardiol., 97, 229 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications 5α-Pregnane-3β,20(S)-diol, is a metabolite of Progesterone (P755900).<br>References Beall, et al.: Biochem. J., 31, 35 (1937), Okuda, A., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 259, 7519 (1984), Russell, D., et al.: Biochemistry, 31, 4737 (1992), Kondo, K., et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 219, 357 (1994), Westerbacka, J., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 88, 4924 (2003),<br></p>

<p>(1α)-17-(Acetyloxy)-6-chloro-1-(chloromethyl)-pregna-4,6-<br>diene-3,20-dione; 6-Chloro-1α-(chloromethyl)-17-<br>hydroxypregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione Acetate; Cyproterone<br>Acetate EP Impurity C</p>

<p>Impurity Tranexamic EP Impurity A<br>Applications Tranexamic Acid Dimer (Tranexamic EP Impurity A) is a Tranexamic Acid (T714505) impurity.<br></p>

<p>Applications An impurity of the analgesic Ketorolac (K235650).<br></p>

<p>Applications Diazoxide-d3 is the labeled analogue of Diazoxide (D417305), which reduces status epilepticus neuron damage in diabetes.<br>References Baba, A., et al.: J. Neurosci., 23, 7737 (2003); Bancila, V., et al.: J. Neurochem., 90, 1243 (2004); Bancila, V., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 280, 8793 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Clobetasol Propionate EP Impurity J<br>Applications 9α-Fluoro-11β-hydroxy-16-β-methyl-3-oxoandrosta-1,4-diene-17(R)-spiro-2’-[4’-chloro-5’-ethylfuran-3’(2’H)-one (Clobetasol Propionate EP Impurity J) is an impurity in the synthesis of Clobetasol 17-Propionate (C583500), a topical corticosteroid. Glucocorticoid; anti-inflammatory.<br>References Olsen, E.A., et al.: J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., 15, 246 (1986),<br></p>

<p>Applications (cas# 53188-20-8) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Acetyl-cys(1)-calcitonin Salmon is a derivative of Calcitonin (salmon), is a 32-amino acid linear polypeptide hormone that is produced in thyroid in humans. It acts to reduce blood calcium (Ca2+), opposing the effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH).<br>References Boron, WF., et al.: Med. Physi., A Cellular and Molecular Approach (2004); Andreotti, G. et al.: J. Bio. Chem., 281, 24193 (2006);<br></p>

<p>Applications The main basic metabolite of Diethylpropione.<br>References Banci, F., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 21, 1616 (1971), Mikhailova, D., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 13, 49 (1978),<br></p>

<p>Applications Betamethasone 6α-Bromo 17-Valerate is an impurity of Betamethasone (B327000), which is a glucocorticoid used as an anti-inflammatory agent.<br>References Ferrante, M.G., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 6, 43 (1977), Li, A., et al.: Chem. Biol. Interact., 142, 7 (2002), Cruz-Monteagudo, M., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 40, 1030 (2005), Rothfuss, A., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 19, 1313 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Fluocinolone Acetonide EP Impurity E<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications (6α,9β,11β,16α)-9,11-Epoxy-6-fluoro-21-hydroxy-16,17-[(1-methylethylidene)bis(oxy)]pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione, can be used in the production of fluocinolone acetonide (F455800).<br>References Grinenko, G.S, Khimiko-Farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal, 12, 110 (1978), Sammul, et al.: J. Assoc. Off. Agric. Chem., 47, 952 (1964), Emerson, M.V., et al.: BioDrugs, 21, 245 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Indole-3-acetic acid in plants.<br>References Barratt, N., et al.: Physiol. Plant, 105, 207 (1999), Jackson, R., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 276, 4350 (2001), Staswick, P., et al.: Plant Cell, 17, 616 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory ophthalmic agent.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Mathur, K., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 11, 1915 (2003), Zhao, M., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 15, 2815 (2007), Roy, K., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 44, 2913 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications Telocinobufagin is isolated as a major component from skin secretion of the toad Bufo rubescens. Telocinobufogenin is a novel antibiotic cardiotonic.<br>References Akizawa, T., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 42, 754 (1994); Hancock, R., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 43, 1317 (1999); Jing, Y., et al.: J. Cancer Res., 85, 645 (1994); Kamano, Y., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 45, 5440 (2002); Schoner, W., et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 269, 2440 (2002); Cunha Filho, G., et al.: Toxicon, 45, 777 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications (Z)-11-(3-(Dimethylamino)propylidene)-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]oxepine-2-carbaldehyde Hydrochloride, is a metabolite of Olopatadine (O575000), a dual acting histamine H1-receptor antagonist and mast cell stabilizer. Antiallergic; antihistaminic.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Kamei, C., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 45, 1005 (1995), Sharif, N.A., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 278, 1252 (1996), Abelson, M.B., et al.: Am. J. Ophthalmol., 125, 797 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Applications The 5-hydroxy analogue of the bronchodilator, Albuterol (A514500).<br></p>

<p>Applications A bronchodilator.<br>References Daly, J. W., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 9(3), 273 (1966).<br></p>

<p>Applications (-)-Biotin Sulfoxide, is a metabolite of Biotin (B389040), which is a growth factor present in minute amounts in every living cell, and plays an indispensable role in numerous naturally occurring carboxylation reactions.<br>References du Vigneaud, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 146, 475 (1942), Traub, et al.: Nature, 178, 649 (1956), Siegel, H., et al.: Experienta, 37, 789 (1981), Vesely, D.L., Science, 216, 1329 (1982), Hugues, M., et al.: Biochemistry, 31, 12 (1992),<br></p>

<p>Applications Tenivastatin Calcium is derived from Simvastatin (S485000), which is a synthetic derivative of a fermentation product of Aspergillus terreus. A competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase. A synthetic analog of Lovastatin. Antilipemic. Simvastatin, the drug, is sold under the trade name Zocor.<br>References Hoffman, W.F., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 29, 849 (1986), Mol, M.J., et al.: Lancet, 2, 936 (1986)<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Mifepristone (M343975).<br>References Ringler, I., et al.: Metabolism, 13, 37 (1964), Gagne, D., et al.: J. Steroid. Biochem., 25, 315 (1986), Jang, G., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 52, 753 (1996), Hild, S., et al.: Hum. Reprod., 15, 822 (2000), Gainer, E., et al.: Steroids, 68, 1005 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Desmethyl Ulipristal Acetate is the N-monodemethylated analogue and metabolite of the selective progesterone receptor modulator Ulipristal Acetate (U700810). N-Desmethyl Ulipristal Acetate contributes significantly to the antiprogestational activity of its parent compound.<br>References Attardi, B.J. et al.: J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 88, 277 (2004);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Beclomethasone Dipropionate EP Impurity A<br>Applications Beclomethasone 21-Propionate (Beclomethasone Dipropionate EP Impurity A) is a metabolite of Beclomethasone Dipropionate (BDP).<br>References Foe, K., et al.: Biopharm. Drug Disposition, 19, 1 (1998), Harrison, L., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 58, 197 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 3-Sulfoglycolithocholic Acid Disodium Salt is a derivative of Lithocholic acid (L469180). Lithocholic acid (LCA) is a putative tumor promoter,that is shown to be able to inhibit mammalian DNA polymerase β.<br>References Ogawa, A., et al.: Jap. J. Canc. Res., 89, 1154 (1998)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Adapalene USP Related Compound B<br>Applications Adapalene intermediate, an ester of Adapalene. Adapalene USP Related Compound B.<br>References Charpentier, B., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 38, 4993 (1995),<br></p>

<p>Applications Metabolite of 5α-Androst-16-en-3β-ol<br>References Gower, D., et al.: J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 63, 81 (1997), Zorko, M., et al.: Steroids, 65, 46 (2000), Diel, P., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 169, 64 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Carvedilol EP Impurity B; Carvedilol Impurity B; Carvedilol USP B<br>Applications Carvedilol Bis-carbazole (Carvedilol EP Impurity B; Carvedilol Impurity B; Carvedilol USP B) is an impurity from the process of Carvedilol (C184625).<br></p>

<p>Applications The (S)-isomer of Viloxazine (V312440). Antidepressant.<br>References Howe, R., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 19, 1074 (1976), Pinder, R.M., et al.: Drugs, 13, 401 (1977),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Clobetasol Propionate EP Impurity K / Betamethasone Dipropionate EP Impurity C<br>Applications Betamethasone 21-Propionate (Clobetasol Propionate EP Impurity K) is a degradation product of Betamethasone. Glucocorticoid.<br>References Andersson, P., et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 36, 763 (1984), Wurthwein, G., et al.: Biopharm. Drug Dispos., 11, 381 (1990), Samtani, M., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 93, 726 (2004), Samtani, M., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 33, 1124 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Methyltriphenylphosphonium Bromide is a lipophilic molecule with a cation allowing for it to be used to deliver molecules to specific cell components. Also considered an antineoplastic agent.<br>References Selassie, C.D. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 33, 1914 (1990); Venkatachalam, M.A et al.: Kidney Int., 49, 449 (1996);<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Atorvastatin, a selective, competitive HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. Atorvastatin is the only drug in its class specfically indicated for lowering both elevated LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides in patients with hypercholesterolemia.<br>References Smith, S., et al.: Am. J. Cardiol., 80, 10H (1997), Jacobsen, W., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 28, 1369 (2000), Istvan, E., et al.: Science, 292, 1160 (2001), Tabernero, L., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 278, 19933 (2003), Bratton, L., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 15, 5576 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications α-Propyl-α-(1-demethylethyl)-Verapamil is an impurity of Verapamil (V125000, HCl salt) which is a calcium channel blocker.<br>References Atlas, D, and Adler, M.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 78, 1237 (1981), Janis, R., et al.: Adv. Drug. Res., 16, 309 (1987)<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Cortisone (C696500).<br>References Mashkovskii, M., et al.: Med. Agents, 2, 34 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications One of the bioactive forms of Riboflavin. Nutritional factor found in milk, eggs, malted barley, liver, kidney, heart, leafy vegetables. Richest natural source is yeast. Minute amounts present in all plant and animal cells. Vitamin (enzyme cofactor).<br>References Unna, K., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 76, 75 (1942), Rivlin, et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 283, 463 (1970), Al-Shammary, F.J., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 19, 429 (1990),<br></p>

<p>Applications Propoxyphenyl-thiohydroxyhomosildenafil is an analogue of Hydroxythiohomo Sildenafil (H963150).<br>References Balayssac, S., et. al.: J. Pharmaceut. Biomed., 63, 135 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications Dabigatran Carboxamide Ethyl Ester is an impurity of Dabigatran Etexilate Mesylate (D100150) which is a nonpeptide, direct thrombin inhibitor.<br>References Hauel, N., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 45, 1757 (2002); Mungall, D., et al.: Curr. Opin. Invest. Drugs, 3, 095 (2002); Stangier, J., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 45, 555 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Fulvestrant EP Impurity B<br>Applications A metabolite of Fulvestrant (F862500).<br>References Rao, P., et al.: J. Steroid Biochem., 25, 417 (1986), Wakeling, A., et al.: J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 43, 173 (1992), DeFriend, D., et al.: Cancer Res., 54, 408 (1994),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A metabolite of Digoxin (Dx) (D446575).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Fujii, Y., et al.: Clin. Chem., 37, 476 (1991), Salphati, L., et al.: Xenobiotica, 29, 171 (1999), Song, S., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 27, 689 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Applications Physiological analog of vitamin B12 where the CN group is replaced with OH. Exists in aqueous solution as an equilibrium mixture of the hydroxy isomer and the ionic aqua isomer (aquacobalamin). Precursor of the coenzymes methylcobalamin and cobamamide. Coordination Compound. Vitamin (hematopoietic).<br>References Kaczka, E.A., et al.: Science, 112, 354 (1950), Friedrich, W., et al.: Vitamins, 837 (1988), Forsyth, J.C., et al.: Clin. Toxicol., 31, 277 (1993),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Rosuvastatin EP Impurity F<br>Applications (4R,6S)-6-[(1E)-2-[4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-6-(1-methylethyl)-2-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]-5-pyrimidinyl]ethenyl]-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4-acetic Acid 1,1-Dimethylethyl Ester (Rosuvastatin EP Impurity F) is a Rosuvastatin (R700500) intermediate as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor.<br>References Beck, et al.: J. Med. Chem., 33, 52 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Applications Triterpenoid which can inhibit the proliferation of leukemia HL-60 cells.<br>References Cho, J., et al.: Pulmon. Pharmacol. Ther., 23, 190 (2010), Gohil, V., et al.: Nat. Biotechnol., 28, 249 (2010), Saha, S., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 434 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications N2'-Deacetyl-N2'-[3-(methylthio)-1-oxopropyl]-maytansine is an active metabolite of Maytansine (M197940), inhibits in vitro polymerization of tubulin and is used in the treatment of advanced breast cancer.<br>References Remillard, S., et. al.: Science, 189, 1002 (1975); Prota, A.E., et. al.: P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111, 13817 (2014)<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Hydroxy Estradiol 1-N7-Guanine is an estrogen metabolite formed with DNA which can lead to the mutations that initiate breast, prostate, and other types of cancer. Estrogen-DNA depurinating adducts as biomarkers of cancer risk and their use in cancer detection and prevention.<br>References Chakravarti, D., et al.: Mutat. Res., 456, 17 (2000), Liehr, J., et al.: Endocr. Rev., 21, 4054 (2000), Chakravarti, D., et al.: Oncogene, 20, 7945 (2001), Cavalieri, E., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 14, 1041 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Applications Enzalutamide Carboxylic Acid is used as hormone therapies to prevent androgen-fuled growth of castrate-resistant prostate cancer.<br>References Tomasz, M.B., et al.: New Engl, J. Med., 424, 371 (2014);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Verapamil EP Impurity J HCl<br>Applications Nor Verapamil Hydrochloride (Verapamil EP Impurity J HCl) is a metabolite of Verapamil.<br>References Mutlib, A.E., et al.: The Journal of Pharm. &amp; Exp. Therapeutics, 252, 2, 593 (1989)<br></p>

<p>Applications Minor Cisapride (C496400) metabolite.<br>References Meuldermans, W., et al.; Drug Metab. Disposition, 16, 410 (1988), Lowry J., et al.; Clin. pharmacol. ther., 73, 209 (2003), Shao L., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 19, 5679 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications epi Dienogest, is metabolite of Dienogest (D441870), a derivative of 19-Nortestosterone, that in combination with estrogencan acts as oral contraceptive.<br>References Hubner, M., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 30, 401 (1980), Spona, J., et al.: Contraception, 56, 185 (1997), Foster, R.H., et al.: Drugs, 56, 825 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Applications Atorvastatin Derivative<br></p>

<p>Applications Abiraterone Ethyl Ether is an impurity of Abiraterone (A108490), a steroidal cytochrome P 450 17α-hydroxylase-17,20-lyase inhibitor (CYP17), is currently undergoing phase II clinical trials as a potential drug for the treatment of androgen-dependent prostate cancer.<br>References Denis, L., et al.: Cancer, 72, 3888 (1993); Potter, G.A., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 38, 2463 (1995); Denmeade, S., et al.: Nat. Rev., 2, 389(2002); Scher, H., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 23, 8253 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Applications A new Sildenafil (S435000) analogue.<br>References Balayssac, S., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 50, 602 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Atorvastatin Pyrrolidone Analog (USP)<br>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications A photodegradation product of Atorvastatin (a cyclic impurity of Atorvastatin). Atorvastatin Pyrrolidone Analog (USP).<br>References Roger, D., et al.: Clin. Exp. Dermatol., 19, 88 (1994), Cosa, G., et al.: Photochem. Photobiol., 80, 159 (2004), Kerwin, B., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 96, 1468 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Beclomethasone Dipropionate EP Impurity D<br>Applications 9-Deschloro-9-bromo Beclomethasone Dipropionate (Beclomethasone Dipropionate EP Impurity D) is an impurity of Beclomethasone Dipropionate (B131030).<br>References Shou, M. et al.: J. Pharmac. Biomed. Anal., 50, 356 (2009); Johnston, S. et al.: J. Chrom. Sci., 48, 733 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications S 23 is a selective androgen receptor modulator.<br>References Thevis, M., et al.: Drug Testing and Analysis, 2, 589 (2010); Jones, A., et al.; Endocr., 150, 385 (2009)<br></p>

<p>Applications Elagolix Sodium is a novel uracil phenylethylamine that acts as potent human gonadotropin-​releasing hormone receptor (hGnRH-​R) antagonist.<br>References Chen, C. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 51, 7478 (2008);<br></p>

<p>Applications A tobacco smoke-derived nitrosamine which is activated by multiple human cytochrome P 450s including the polymorphic human cytochrome P 4502D6.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Castonguay, A., et al.: Cancer Lett., 46, 93 (1989), Crespi, C.L., et al.: Carcinogenesis, 12, 1197 (1991),<br></p>

<p>Applications Higenamine acts through inhibition of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-mediated HMGB1 release in vivo. Useful towards ischemic injuries.<br>References Ha, Y. et al.: Apoptosis., 17, 463 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Stability Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications Anabolic steroid. Androgen.Controlled substance.<br>References Schanzer, W., et al.: Clin. Chem., 42, 1001 (1996), Kicman, A., et al.: Br. J. Pharmacol., 154, 502 (2008), Fragkaki, A., et al.: Steroids, 74, 172 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications Methyl Benzilate is a reactant in the synthesis of Trimethadione (T796155), an anticonvulsant and antiepileptic agent used in the treatment of pregnant women. Prenatal exposure to snti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) has indicated increased risk of major or minor congenital malformation.<br>References Pastore, V., et. al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 21, 841 (2013); Ahir, B. et al.: Toxicol. Vitro., 28, 948 (2014); Pastore, V. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 21, 841 (2013)<br></p>

<p>Applications ent-Lamivudine Triphosphate Triethylammonium Salt is a metabolite of Lamivudine (L172500), which is a potent nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Antiviral. Lamivudine has been used for treatment of chronic hepatitis B.<br>References Burgess, K., et al.: Chem. Rev., 100, 2047 (2000), Gallois-Montbrun, S., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 68, 1749 (2004); Morris, D.M., J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 12, 255 (1944), Nevens, B.F., et al.: Gastroenterology, 113, 1258 (1997), Perry, C.M., et al.: Drugs, 53, 657 (1977)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Ampicillin EP Impurity A ; Amoxicillin USP Related Compound A<br>Applications (+)-6-Aminopenicillanic Acid (Amoxicillin EP Impurity A) is the core structure in penicillins, obtained from the fermentation brew of the Penicillium mold. (+)-6-Aminopenicillanic Acid is used as the main starting block for the preparation of numerous semisynthetic penicillins.<br>References Zel'tser, I.Z. et al.: Gig. Truda Prof. Zabol., 5, 59 (1983); Hamilton-Miller, J.M.T.: Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, 31, 189 (2008); Novikova, N.D. et al.: Mikol. Fitopatol., 7, 101 (1973);<br></p>

<p>Applications Benzalkonium bromides are an important class of cationic surfactants. They are used as preservatives for ophthalmic, nasal and parenteral products and they are also used as a topical antiseptic and medical equipment disinfectant.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Maitani, Y., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 44, 403 (1996), Fang, J., et al.: Int. J. Pharm., 178, 83 (1999), Iordanskii, A., et al.: Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 49, 287 (2000), Powers, J., et al.: Biochemistry, 44, 15504 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Glutaurine Sodium Salt is the salt of Glutaurine (G597350) which has been observed to display antiepileptic effects with anti-amnesia properties. Mimics anxiolytic drug Diazepam (D416855).<br>References Bittner, S. et al.: Amino Acids., 28, 343 (2005); Uemura, S. et al.: Brain. res., 594, 347 (1992);<br></p>

<p>Applications Derivative of thyroxine. Antilipemic.<br>References Banz, H., et al.: Fortschr. Med., 97, 1942 (1979),<br></p>

<p>Applications: N,N'-Di(2-hydroxybenzyl)ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic Acid Monohydrochloride Hydrate is a component for treating or preventing obesity and insulin resistance and mitrochondrial-associated disorders.N,N'-Di(2-hydroxybenzyl)ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic Acid Monohydrochloride Hydrate is also the monohydrochloride hydrate of HBED (H107503), which is an iron chelator useful in treating iron overload.<br>References Milburn, Michael, WO 2007008548, (2007)Bergeron, Raymond J., WO 9939706, (1999)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications rac Indapamide-N-sulfonamido-β-D-glucuronide_x000D__x000D_(Mixture of Diastereomers) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled δ-Tocopherol. One of the naturally occurring forms of Vitamin E. Isolated from soybean oil.<br>References Emerson, et al.: Science, 83, 421 (1936), Bieri, J.G., et al.: J. Nutr., 104, 850 (1974), Jiang, Q., et al.: Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 74, 714 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Levofloxacin USP Related Compound C<br>Applications Levofloxacin Ethyl Ester (Levofloxacin USP Related Compound C) is an impurity of Levofloxacin (L360000).<br>References Lalitha Devi, M. et al.: J. Pharrm. Biomed. ANal., 50, 710 (2009); Mehta, J. et al.: Int. J. PharmTech Res., 2, 1932 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications An impurity of Trimethoprim (T795615) with inhibitory effects on the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase.<br>References Kompis, I. et al.: Enzyme Inhib. Proc. Meet., 177 (1980); Hess, S. et al.: J. Pharmac. Biomed. Anal., 25, 531 (2001);<br></p>

<p>Applications Intermediate used in the synthesis of a variety of antibacterial and antifungal activities of symmetric and asymmetric azines.<br>References Veena, K., et al.: E-J.Chem, 8, 354 (2011),<br></p>