Carboxylic Acids

<p>L-Histidine acetate is a white, crystalline powder that has a constant melting point and can be soluble in water. It has a monoclinic crystal system with a crystal form of α-l-histidine dihydrogen acetate. L-Histidine acetate is an amino acid that is necessary for the biosynthesis of proteins and the metabolism of histamine. L-Histidine acetate has been studied using x-ray diffraction and optical properties to determine its functional groups. The activation energy for this compound is found to be at 4.1 kcal/mol, which is lower than most other compounds in nature. The frequencies of light waves are measured at 3,040 cm-1 and the evaporation rate at 15°C is 0.039 cm3/s.</p>

<p>Glycocholic acid sodium salt monohydrate is a compound that is used in the production of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other organic chemicals. It is also used as an intermediate to produce carboxylic acids, amino acids, and other building blocks. Glycocholic acid sodium salt monohydrate is soluble in water and has a high boiling point. It can be used for reactions with alcohols and amines to form esters or amides respectively. This compound can be used as a reagent for the synthesis of peptides, proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleosides. Glycocholic acid sodium salt monohydrate has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting prostaglandin biosynthesis.</p>

<p>2,5-Dihydroxyterephthalic acid is a compound that belongs to the class of aromatic dicarboxylic acids. It can be synthesized from protocatechuic acid by the action of hydrochloric acid. This reaction proceeds via two steps, the first being the cleavage of the ester bond and second being the decarboxylation of the resulting carboxylic acid. 2,5-Dihydroxyterephthalic acid has been shown to have high transport properties and hydrogen bonding interactions that may aid in its adsorption into cells. The intramolecular hydrogen bond between C2 and C6 on one molecule and C3 and C8 on another molecule stabilizes these interactions. 2,5-Dihydroxyterephthalic acid also has been shown to react with hydroxide ions in solution, which activates its carboxylic group for further reactions with other molecules.</p>

<p>Carbethoxysyringic acid is a reagent, complex compound, useful intermediate and fine chemical. It is also a useful scaffold for the synthesis of other organic compounds. Carbethoxysyringic acid is used in the production of speciality chemicals, research chemicals and versatile building blocks. Carbethoxysyringic acid has been shown to be an excellent reaction component in many reactions such as hydrogenation, nitro reduction, oxidation and hydrolysis.</p>

<p>2,3-Dimethoxybenzoic acid is a metabolite of 2,3-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, which is produced by the condensation of acetaldehyde and benzoic acid. It has been used as an intermediate in organic synthesis. The enzyme dopamine D3 receptor ligand binding assays have been used to study the ability of 5-bromo-2,3-dimethoxybenzoic acid to inhibit dopamine uptake in rat striatal membranes. The compound has also been shown to be a specific ligand for the dopamine D3 receptor and bind with a high affinity.</p>

<p>3-(4-Nitrophenyl)-1-adamantanecarboxylic acid is a high quality, versatile building block compound that has been used as a reagent and as a useful intermediate. This product is commercially available and can be used in the synthesis of complex compounds with many different applications, such as pharmaceuticals, pesticides, dyes, and photographic chemicals. It is also a useful scaffold for the production of speciality chemicals and research chemicals. 3-(4-Nitrophenyl)-1-adamantanecarboxylic acid has been used in reactions involving electron transfer, nucleophilic substitution, and condensation reactions.</p>

<p>Ganoderic acid F is a natural product that inhibits the growth of cancer cells. It has been shown to be anti-angiogenic, meaning it prevents the formation of new blood vessels, and displays significant cytotoxicity against cancer cells. Ganoderic acid F is also an inhibitor of fatty acid synthase, which may be related to its cardioprotective effects in vivo. Studies have shown that this compound binds to the receptor for protocatechuic acid and inhibits the activity of enzymes such as lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase. The structure of ganoderic acid F includes a six-membered ring with two carboxylic acids (protocatechuic and caffeic) and two hydroxyl groups (one at C3).</p>

<p>4-Acetylbenzoic acid ethyl ester is a receptor binding agent that inhibits the activity of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), which is a protein involved in cell growth, differentiation and survival. It has been shown to inhibit tumor growth and induce apoptosis in cancer cells. 4-Acetylbenzoic acid ethyl ester also induces cell death in inflammatory diseases by inhibiting the activation of protein kinase C γ (PKC γ) by retinoic acid. This agent has been shown to be active against recombinant human Pparγ and can be used as an additive for cell-based assays.</p>

<p>3,5-Dinitro-4-methylbenzoic acid is a compound that can be used in the synthesis of many organic compounds. It is an important reagent for the preparation of nitroarenes and it is also used as a precursor to other organic compounds. 3,5-Dinitro-4-methylbenzoic acid has been shown to have a hydrogen bond with malonic acid and can form an asymmetric hydrogen bond with the hydroxyl group of protonated water. 3,5-Dinitro-4-methylbenzoic acid has three different resonance structures and its x-ray diffraction data show that it has a cavity shape. This molecule can be found in the nmr spectra at around 8.3 ppm and its kinetic constants are given as k1 = 0.01 s−1 and k2 = 0.06 s−1 for the two reactions. 3,5-Dinitro-4-methylben</p>

<p>2-Fluoro-4-nitrobenzoic acid (2F4NBA) is an antibiotic that inhibits the growth of bacteria by blocking their amination reactions. 2F4NBA has been shown to be effective against multidrug-resistant pathogens, such as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin resistant Enterococci. The drug has also been shown to inhibit the growth of cancer cells in vivo studies and can be used for the treatment of primary tumors. It is a benzoate analogue with a benzimidazole derivative structure, which is fluorescent and analytical chemistry compatible. 2F4NBA has good pharmacokinetic properties, with a half life time between 4 and 8 hours.</p>

<p>Trans-10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid is a naturally occurring fatty acid that is found in the human body. It has been shown to have a number of biological activities, including the ability to inhibit the production of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The trans-10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid is also thought to be involved in autoimmunity and neurotrophic factors. Trans-10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid has been used as a precursor for the synthesis of other compounds and as an analytical method. Trans-10-hydroxy 2 decenoic acid can be synthesized by reacting malonic acid with hydroxyl group and ammonia.</p>

<p>4-tert-Butoxybenzoic acid is a linker that is used in the synthesis of ruthenium complexes. It is used in stepwise solid-phase synthesis, where it can be used as an alkylating agent to introduce a tertiary butyl group onto the molecule. This type of reaction is often used to produce biomolecules, such as proteins and peptides. The 4-tert-butoxybenzoic acid has been shown to inhibit the growth of glioblastoma cells by alkylation and may also have anti-inflammatory properties.</p>

<p>2,2'-azoxydibenzoic acid is a high quality chemical that is used as a reagent, complex compound, and research chemical. It has CAS No. 573-79-5 and has the molecular formula of C8H4N2O4. This compound is useful as an intermediate, fine chemical, or speciality chemical in synthesis. 2,2'-Azoxydibenzoic acid can be used as a building block for scaffolds or as a versatile building block in reaction components.</p>

<p>2-Iodo-5-methylbenzoic acid is a fine chemical, useful building block and reagent that is used in the synthesis of complex compounds. It is versatile because it can be used as a reactant, intermediate or scaffold in many chemical reactions. It has been shown to be an effective catalyst for the Suzuki reaction and Buchwald-Hartwig amination reaction. 2-Iodo-5-methylbenzoic acid has also been found to be a useful intermediate for the synthesis of many pharmaceuticals, such as tamoxifen, griseofulvin, mesalazine, and risperidone.</p>

<p>1,4-Phenylenebisboronic acid is a chemical compound with the following structural formula:<br>It is a white crystalline solid, soluble in water and ethanol. 1,4-Phenylenebisboronic acid has been used for analytical chemistry and photochemical studies. It has also been studied as a model system for ternary complex formation, x-ray diffraction data analysis, and ester linkages. Structural analysis of 1,4-phenylenebisboronic acid reveals hydrogen bonding interactions between the nitrogen atoms and the boron atoms.</p>

<p>3-(Difluoromethoxy)-2,4,5-trifluorobenzoic acid is an antibacterial drug that belongs to the class of fluoroquinolones. It inhibits bacterial growth by binding to DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV enzymes in bacteria. 3-(Difluoromethoxy)-2,4,5-trifluorobenzoic acid has been shown to be active against a wide variety of bacteria and is used as a treatment for urinary tract infections and skin infections. 3-(Difluoromethoxy)-2,4,5-trifluorobenzoic acid can also be used in combination with other antibiotics such as tetrabutyl ammonium chloride to enhance their effects.</p>

<p>Ceftriaxone is a semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic that is used to treat bacterial infections. It is especially effective against the following microorganisms: Gram-positive cocci and rods, Gram-positive bacilli, Gram-negative cocci and rods, and anaerobic bacteria. Ceftriaxone is a crystalline solid that can be dissolved in water or an organic solvent. It has been shown to have excellent stability in acidic solutions and at high temperatures. Ceftriaxone has a residue of 3% when it is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. The use of ceftriaxone as an antibiotic can be optimized by using reverse-phase chromatography with a cyclic gradient elution method.</p>

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<p>2,6-Dimethoxy-3-nitrobenzoic acid is an aromatic compound that has been shown to have a molecular weight of 136.2 g/mol. It is extracted from the leaves of "Nepeta cataria" and can be found in many other plants as well. This compound has been shown to inhibit bacterial growth in vitro by inhibiting protein synthesis. The mode of action for this compound is not yet known, but it may be due to its ability to form hydrogen bonds with the ribosomes and inhibit nucleotide binding sites on the ribosome surface.</p>

<p>Dihydroferulic acid is a natural compound that is found in both plants and animals. It is an intermediate in the metabolism of ferulic acid, which is found in plants. Dihydroferulic acid has been shown to have a redox potential similar to p-hydroxybenzoic acid, which may be due to dihydroferulic acid's ability to reduce hydrogen peroxide. Dihydroferulic acid has also been shown to increase production of neurotrophic factors and stimulate polymerase chain reaction activity. Dihydroferulic acid has been shown to have biological properties that are related to its antioxidant activity, such as its ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation and scavenge hydroxyl radicals.</p>

<p>Ethyl 2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzothiophene-3-carboxylate is an antibacterial agent that inhibits the growth of bacteria by binding to amines and metal ions. It also has in vitro anticancer activity against cancer cells. Ethyl 2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzothiophene-3-carboxylate has been shown to have antiinflammatory activity in rats.</p>

<p>Glycodeoxycholic acid is a bile acid derivative, which is synthesized in the liver from cholesterol. It functions primarily as a signaling molecule with multiple physiological roles in the human body. This compound is conjugated, enhancing its solubility and facilitating its transport within the gastrointestinal tract. Glycodeoxycholic acid acts as an agonist for specific receptors such as the farnesoid X receptor (FXR), playing a vital role in the regulation of bile acid synthesis, lipid metabolism, and glucose homeostasis.</p>

<p>4-Fluoro-3-phenoxy benzoic acid is a metabolite of pyrethroid insecticides. This metabolite can be found in urine samples and has been detected in the general population. The concentration of 4-fluoro-3-phenoxy benzoic acid in urine is higher in females than males, which may be due to the excretion of metabolites from insecticide exposure. It has also been shown that this metabolite is found at higher concentrations in people with high levels of carboxylic acids. It is not known if 4-fluoro-3-phenoxy benzoic acid is harmful to humans or other animals.</p>

<p>2-[3-[N-(4-tert-Butylbenzyl)-N-(pyridin-3-ylsulfonyl)aminomethyl]phenoxy]acetic acid is a synthetic chemical compound, which is derived from organic synthesis processes involving aromatic compounds. It functions primarily through the modulation of specific biochemical pathways, likely involving interactions with enzymatic or receptor targets due to its structural characteristics. This compound is particularly noteworthy for its potential applications in biomedical research, where it may serve as a lead or active molecule in the development of new pharmaceutical agents. Its unique structure, featuring both aromatic and sulfonyl groups, allows for versatile interactions with biological targets, opening possibilities for its use in therapeutic development. Further research into its exact mechanisms and potential therapeutic uses could yield significant advancements in the treatment of various ailments.</p>

<p>Di-O-benzoyl D-tartaric acid is an inorganic acid that is used as an acid catalyst in organic synthesis. It is synthesized by the reaction of benzoyl chloride and calcium carbonate, which produces a mixture of di-O-benzoyl D-tartaric acid and its enantiomer. Di-O-benzoyl D-tartaric acid has a high solubility in water and is stable to hydrochloric acid and mercury chloride. This compound also interacts with hydrogen bonding interactions with l-tartaric acid and hydrogen bonding interactions with calcium carbonate. Di-O-benzoyl D-tartaric acid is not toxic to human cells at concentrations up to 100 mM.</p>

<p>3-Carboxymethyl-1-adamantane carboxylic acid is a tribasic, carboxylic acid that is used in the field of appraisal. 3-Carboxymethyl-1-adamantane carboxylic acid was first synthesized by the reaction of a dibromide and formic acid. This synthesis has been shown to produce a product with high purity, homogeneity, and stability. The use of this technique can be applied in tribasic, carboxylic acids as well as other polycarboxylates such as polyacrylics, polymaleic, and polyitaconic acids. The technique of analyzing these compounds by spectroscopic techniques is called profiling. This technique can be used for the identification of copper in natural environments such as rivers or lakes.</p>

<p>4-Amidinobenzoic acid hydrochloride is a catalytic molecule that inhibits serine proteases. It has been shown to be an effective inhibitor of the proteolytic activity of trypsin and chymotrypsin when used at concentrations of 3 mM or higher. 4-Amidinobenzoic acid hydrochloride functions by binding to the active site of the enzyme, preventing access to the substrate. This inhibition is reversible, with a half-life of about 10 minutes. The inhibitory constants for 4-amidinobenzoic acid hydrochloride are in the range of 1 μM to 100 μM.</p>

<p>3-Methoxy-4-nitrobenzoic acid is a potent and selective inhibitor of aromatase that can be used for the treatment of breast cancer. 3-Methoxy-4-nitrobenzoic acid inhibits the activity of serine proteases, which are enzymes important in protein degradation and cellular signaling. This drug has been shown to inhibit the activity of many other types of kinases, and this makes it a good candidate for use as an anti-cancer agent. 3-Methoxy-4-nitrobenzoic acid also has been shown to inhibit the formation and development of brain tumors when administered via whole body or brain uptake techniques. In addition to inhibiting tumor growth, this drug can prevent metastasis by preventing circulating tumor cells from entering new tissues. The inhibition of estrogen synthesis by 3methoxy-4 nitrobenzoic acid leads to breast cancer cell death in vitro and in vivo.</p>

<p>3-Fluoro-6-nitrobenzoic acid ethyl ester is a high quality chemical that is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of complex compounds. It is also a useful scaffold for the synthesis of other compounds and can be used as a building block in the production of speciality chemicals. 3-Fluoro-6-nitrobenzoic acid ethyl ester has many reactions that it participates in, such as being a reaction component for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. This compound is versatile enough to be used in research or for commercial purposes.</p>

<p>1,5-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid tetrahydrate is an acidic molecule that has been observed in the form of nanodots. It has a molecular weight of 212.2g/mol and a water solubility of 0.01g/L at 20°C. 1,5-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid tetrahydrate is soluble in ethanol and methanol, but insoluble in acetone, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, and chloroform. 1,5-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid tetrahydrate is a hydrogen bond acceptor and donor in its interactions with other molecules. It interacts synergistically with 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid to produce a red coloration when dissolved in water or alcohols.</p>

<p>4-Amino-2-chlorobenzoic acid methyl ester (4ACBME) is a chemical compound that has been used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. It acts as an immunoreceptor and regulatory molecule by binding to specific receptors on the surface of lymphocytes, which are cells that play a central role in the immune system. 4ACBME also inhibits the production of inflammatory molecules, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8. The regression of tissue inflammation was observed in animal models after 4ACBME treatment. This compound has been shown to have no genotoxic impurities in vitro studies and its molecular descriptors are consistent with those found for other immunoreceptors.</p>

<p>Flufenamic acid is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that relieves pain and inflammation. Flufenamic acid butyl ester is an analog of flufenamic acid. It has been shown to be effective in controlling bowel disease, especially inflammatory bowel disease. Flufenamic acid butyl ester has also been shown to control symptoms of neurodermatitis and autoimmune diseases when used as a nutrient solution. Flufenamic acid butyl ester has not been found to have any statistically significant effect on infectious diseases.</p>

<p>4-Undecyloxybenzoic Acid is a secretory phospholipase that has been shown to have a phase transition temperature of 17.5°C, which is the lowest among all secretory phospholipases. It is a cytosolic enzyme that belongs to the group of serine hydrolases. The functional theory for 4-undecyloxybenzoic acid is based on the sequence of amino acids and hydrogen bonds between the enzyme and substrates. This enzyme has been shown to be effective in photocatalytic reactions with UV light.</p>

<p>2-Ketopimelic acid is a fatty acid that is produced by the catalysis of 2-ketoglutarate. It is found in the mitochondrial matrix and in the biosynthesis of fatty acids. The wild-type strain of E. coli has been shown to produce 2-ketopimelic acid during aerobic growth on glucose, while mutant strains did not synthesize this compound. The production of 2-ketopimelic acid requires a functional acyl carrier protein (ACP) and an active enoyl reductase (ER). The biosynthesis of 2-ketopimelic acid can be catalysed by dehydrogenase enzymes such as enoyl reductase, which are involved in the conversion of 3-oxoacyl CoA into 3-hydroxyacyl CoA.<br>2-Ketopimelic acid may also play a role in tuberculosis, as it has been detected in human protein using reaction monitoring techniques</p>

<p>N-Methyltetrahydrofolic acid is a form of folic acid, which is an important vitamin for the production of red blood cells and the prevention of neural tube defects. It can be found in food such as leafy vegetables, whole grains, and citrus fruits. N-Methyltetrahydrofolic acid is important for DNA synthesis and energy metabolism. It also has been shown to exert antioxidant effects in human serum.</p>

<p>3-Hydroxyhippuric acid is an organic acid that is the main metabolite of benzoic acid. It is excreted in urine and can be used as a biomarker for the ingestion of benzoic acid. 3-Hydroxyhippuric acid has been detected in human urine samples after ingestion of caffeic acids, chlorogenic acids, or phenolic acids. 3-Hydroxyhippuric acid is also produced by microbial metabolism of p-hydroxybenzoate (pHBA) and may be used as a biomarker for pHBA consumption. The metabolic profile of 3-hydroxyhippuric acid varies with the type of substrate consumed: caffeic acids lead to the production of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), while chlorogenic acids produce 4-chlorophenol (4CP). Cholesterol estersase (CES) catalyzes the hydrolysis of</p>

<p>2-Methylindole-3-acetic acid is a molecule that has been shown to interact with membrane lipids and induce lipid peroxidation. It also interacts with the molecule creatinine, which is excreted in urine, and has been shown to increase urinary levels of creatinine. 2-Methylindole-3-acetic acid has been shown to have antioxidant activity by scavenging radicals and inhibiting lipid peroxidation. The mechanism for this activity is due to its ability to form hydrogen bonds with radicals and react with them, thereby removing them from the cell membrane. 2-Methylindole-3-acetic acid also interacts with receptor protein within the cell, targeting intracellular targets such as DNA and RNA molecules. This compound is an endogenous hormone that may reduce cholesterol levels in cells.<br>2-Methylindole-3-acetic acid was first isolated from the bark of "Indocalamus latifolius" (</p>

<p>4-(N,N-Diethylamino)cinnamic acid is a dye-sensitized solar cell sensitizer that has been synthesized from thiophene and acrylic acid. This compound is efficient in dye-sensitized solar cells and can be used to produce solar cells with an efficiency of over 10%.</p>

<p>5-Methyl-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid is an organic compound with the molecular formula CH3COOH. It has a carboxyl group at one end and a methyl group at the other, hence its name. 5-Methyl-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid is used in the synthesis of esters that are useful as intermediates in the production of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and other chemicals. The asymmetric synthesis of 5-Methyl-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid was accomplished by reacting it with sodium hydroxide in methanol. The compound is also found to have anticarcinogenic properties. A study conducted on mice showed that 5-Methyl-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid inhibited skin cancer by inducing apoptosis in melanoma cells and inhibiting cell proliferation. 5-Methyl-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid has been shown to</p>

<p>2,4,5-Trimethoxycinnamic acid is a phenolic acid that is found in plants. It is a precursor to many other compounds that are biologically active, such as the caffeic acids and their derivatives. 2,4,5-Trimethoxycinnamic acid has been shown to have anti-cancer effects on cervical cancer cells. It also exhibits biological properties and has been used as an ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine.</p>

<p>1,4-Phenylenediacrylic acid diethyl ester (PDAD) is an organic molecule that is used as a template molecule in polymerizations. It can be used to coat surfaces with polymers, which makes them more resistant to corrosion and wear. PDAD interacts with an electron beam in the presence of oxygen, generating excimers and supercritical CO2. These interactions are responsible for the red shift that occurs when PDAD interacts with the electron beam. The absorption spectrum of PDAD has been shown to change depending on its morphology: alpha-type PDAD absorbs at lower wavelengths than beta-type PDAD.</p>

<p>2,3-Dimethoxyphenylboronic acid is a synthetic molecule that contains a boronic acid group. This compound has been shown to interact with histones H3 and L6. It has also been shown to modify lysine residues on the histone H3 protein by methylation. In addition, 2,3-dimethoxyphenylboronic acid interacts with other molecules in a way that changes their conformation and this interaction can be studied using vibrational spectroscopy. Organic chemists may use 2,3-dimethoxyphenylboronic acid as a ligand for biological targets or as a means of modifying proteins.</p>

<p>2-(2-Nitrophenoxy)acetic acid (NPAA) is a molecule that has been found in plants of the genus Balanites. It has been shown to be an intramolecular hydrogen bond acceptor, which may contribute to its chemical structure and stability. NPAA has also been shown to have a constant pKa value of 4.7, which means it is slightly acidic. NPAA is used as an industrial process sample preparation agent and can be synthesized by reacting phenol with nitric acid.</p>

<p>Apovincaminic acid is a quaternary alcohol with the molecular formula CHNO. It is an acid ethyl ester, with hydroxy and hydroxy groups. Apovincaminic acid is a pharmacokinetic drug that is used in humans to treat chronic alcoholism. It has a linear pharmacokinetics profile, and does not have any autoinduction or alkaloid properties. It also does not show any significant interactions with other drugs. Apovincaminic acid binds to primary alcohols to form esters, which are eliminated from the body through urine.</p>

<p>Butaphosphan is a drug that has been shown to have clinical relevance for the treatment of metabolic disorders. It is a prodrug that is converted into butaprost-diol, which has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity and reduce aminotransferase activity in rats. Butaphosphan can be used as an alternative to aminotransferase inhibitors such as ursodeoxycholic acid and cholestyramine for the treatment of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. This drug has also been shown to have a protective effect on fatty acid metabolism, which may be due to its ability to inhibit the activity of enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis. Butaphosphan is metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes and hydroxylases and can be detected using LC-MS/MS methods. The drug has also been shown to have beneficial effects on cortisol concentrations and liver histology when administered orally.</p>

<p>R-a-Lipoic acid tromethamine salt is a reaction component and reagent that is used in the synthesis of high quality chemical products. The compound has many applications, including being a useful scaffold for the synthesis of complex compounds. R-a-Lipoic acid tromethamine salt can be used as a versatile building block or as a fine chemical. This compound is also listed under CAS No. 14358-90-8, which makes it an excellent choice for research chemicals and speciality chemicals.</p>

<p>4-Iodocinnamic acid is a mesomorphic, supramolecular organic acid that has potent cytotoxicity against cancer cells. It is also an analogue of the natural product cinnamic acid. 4-Iodocinnamic acid binds to the active site of the enzyme DNA polymerase and inhibits DNA synthesis by preventing the incorporation of deoxynucleotide triphosphates into synthesized DNA chains. The compound has been shown to have strong antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Bacillus cereus. 4-Iodocinnamic acid is also an effective inhibitor of cancer cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in these cells.</p>

<p>Delicious peptide (bovine) trifluoroacetate is a polymerase chain reaction probe that is complementary to the 3' end of the human insulin gene. When used in a polymerase chain reaction, it amplifies the DNA sequences at the 3' end of the gene. The product of this amplification has been shown to inhibit genetic disorders such as metabolic disorders, iron homeostasis, and leukemia. This agent also inhibits acidic fibroblast proliferation and pluripotent cells. This drug has been shown to have a molecular docking analysis with pharmacological agents and may be helpful in treatments for various diseases.</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about 3-Methyl-5-isoxazoleacetic acid including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>2,6-Dimethylphenoxy)acetic acid is a potent inhibitor of the reverse transcriptase enzyme. This drug has been shown to inhibit the replication of influenza virus and hepatitis C virus in animal models. It also inhibits the synthesis of DNA from RNA by binding to the nucleotide substrate as well as to the polymerase enzyme. 2,6-Dimethylphenoxy)acetic acid has been shown to be effective against viruses in humans but not in animals because it is rapidly metabolized by anions such as chloride ions. This drug is also active against other viruses such as human herpesvirus type 1 (HSV-1). The linker group is important for its activity. 2,6-Dimethylphenoxy)acetic acid can be used with valacyclovir or acyclovir for treatment of herpesviruses and influenza virus infections in humans.</p>

<p>Citramalic acid is a high quality, fine chemical that can be used as a reagent or building block. It can also be used in the synthesis of complex compounds and is an important intermediate for pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other specialty chemicals. Citramalic acid has many uses, including as a versatile building block for organic synthesis. Citramalic acid is a reaction component that can be used to produce research chemicals with various applications.</p>

<p>Ferrocenecarboxylic acid is a ferrocene compound that has been used as a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) probe. It has been shown to have an antiproliferative effect on leukemia cells, and can be used in the treatment of cancers. Ferrocenecarboxylic acid is membrane permeable and can therefore be used as a cell-impermeable chemotherapeutic agent. This drug also has the ability to bind to target DNA, with this binding being dependent on the functional groups present on the molecule. The ferrocene carboxylate conjugates are also able to react with nucleophiles such as dithiopyridine or pyridinium salts, which may serve as strategies for converting the drug into an MRI contrast agent.</p>

<p>3,5,3',5'-Tetraiodo thyrolactic acid is a fine chemical that belongs to the group of useful building blocks. It is a reagent and speciality chemical. 3,5,3',5'-Tetraiodo thyrolactic acid can be used as a reaction component in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and other organic molecules. This compound is also versatile and can be used as a scaffold for developing new analogues. 3,5,3',5'-Tetraiodo thyrolactic acid has excellent quality and purity with CAS No. 7069-47-8.</p>

<p>2,3,4,5-Tetrafluorobenzoic acid ethyl ester is a fine chemical that is useful in the synthesis of complex compounds. It is a versatile building block with many potential applications in research and as a reagent. 2,3,4,5-Tetrafluorobenzoic acid ethyl ester has been shown to have high purity and quality. This compound can be used as a reaction component for other chemical reactions and as an intermediate for the production of pharmaceuticals. CAS No. 122894-73-9</p>

<p>N-[3-(4,4,5,5-TetraMethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]succinamic acid is an intermediate in the synthesis of a variety of compounds. It is also a useful building block in the synthesis of complex compounds. In addition to its use as a research chemical and reagent, N-[3-(4,4,5,5-TetraMethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]succinamic acid can be used as a speciality chemical.</p>

<p>2-Chloromandelic acid is an organic compound that belongs to the class of compounds called chloroacetic acids. It has been shown to react with hydroxylamine and form a trifluoroacetamide, which is a useful building block in organic synthesis. 2-Chloromandelic acid can be synthesized from mandelic acid by reacting it with phosphorus pentachloride in the presence of carbon tetrachloride. 2-Chloromandelic acid has been shown to inhibit the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic human pathogen in cystic fibrosis patients. 2-Chloromandelic acid crystallizes as one of two possible polymorphs: Form I or Form II. The solubility data for both forms are available, but only Form I is metastable at room temperature and pressure.</p>

<p>Boc-D-glutamic acid alpha-tert-butyl ester is a versatile building block that can be used in the synthesis of many complex compounds. It is a high quality reagent that can be used as a reactant or intermediate for research and development, as well as for the production of speciality chemicals. Boc-D-glutamic acid alpha-tert-butyl ester has a CAS number of 73872-71-6 and can be used to synthesize new chemical compounds with various applications. This compound is an important building block for synthetic organic chemistry because it is easily converted to other molecules through reactions such as hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction, or hydrogenation.</p>

<p>3-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid is a β-amino acid that is used in the industrial production of acrylate esters. The acylation reaction of the carboxylic acid group with an alcohol, usually naphthalene or phenol, yields an ester hydrochloride. This is then hydrolyzed to the corresponding amide, which can be further reacted to produce a variety of other compounds. 3-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid has pharmacokinetic properties that are similar to those of glycine and alanine, but it does not undergo transamination. It also has a very high chloride content and is often used as a reagent for the synthesis of organic chloride salts.</p>

<p>Retinoic acid receptor (RAR) agonist; inhibits melanocyte activity</p>

<p>3-(2-Naphthyl)acrylic acid is a compound that inhibits the enzymatic activity of benzylpiperidine N-acetyltransferase, which is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of benzylamine to benzylpiperidine. This inhibition prevents the production of dopamine and norepinephrine, with a consequent neuroprotective effect. 3-(2-Naphthyl)acrylic acid has been shown to be effective in reducing oxidative stress in intestinal fluids, thereby protecting against the damaging effects of free radicals. It also has antioxidant properties due to its ability to form hydrogen bonds. 3-(2-Naphthyl)acrylic acid can also be used as a cross-coupling agent in organic synthesis, due to its functional groups.</p>

<p>Malonic acid is a potent inducer of biocompatible polymers and sodium salts. It is an acidic chemical compound that belongs to the group of malonates. Malonic acid has been shown to induce neuronal death in model systems, but also has a protective effect on human serum fibroblasts. The reaction solution containing malonic acid and sodium bicarbonate generates malonate, which can be used as a precursor for energy metabolism and cell signaling.</p>

<p>2-Oxo-2H-pyran-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester is an activated form of 2-oxopyran. It reacts with nucleophiles, such as malic acid, to form ethyl esters. This reaction is an example of the Friedel-Crafts reaction, which is a type of electrophilic aromatic substitution. The rate of this reaction depends on the activation energies and fluorescence properties of the reactants. The mechanism for this reaction is that the double bond in the carbonyl group is ruptured by attacking nucleophiles, resulting in a release of hydrogen gas and formation of carboxylic acid derivatives. The product can be isolated using a solvent extraction technique or purified using column chromatography.</p>

<p>(R)-(+)-Methylsuccinic acid is a catalysed, synthetic, asymmetric synthesis of the methylsuccinic acid skeleton. It is a liquid crystal compound that has been shown to be spontaneously racemic and have enantiopure versions of itself. The stereoisomers are an important part of its biological activity.<br>Methylsuccinic acid plays a role in the biosynthesis of butanol, which can be used as a biofuel or for industrial purposes.</p>

<p>3,4-Methylenedioxy-5-methoxycinnamic acid is a fine chemical that can be used as a versatile building block in the synthesis of many organic compounds. It is a useful intermediate for research chemicals, reaction components, and specialty chemicals. This compound can be used as a reagent for the synthesis of complex compounds. It has high purity and quality.</p>

<p>Benzylmalonic acid is a chemical that has been used to study the role of ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABC) proteins in autoimmune diseases. ABC proteins are involved in transporting molecules across cell membranes, and their dysfunction leads to the development of autoimmune diseases. Benzylmalonic acid binds to the receptor site on ABC proteins and blocks their function, inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines. This agent also binds to picolinic acid, which is an intermediate metabolite in the kynurenine pathway that is linked to inflammatory response. The structure of benzylmalonic acid may be responsible for its effects on congestive heart disease because it can bind with phosphorus pentoxide and form a precipitate that may interfere with calcium binding. This drug has also shown anti-inflammatory properties as well as cardiotoxic effects when used at high doses.</p>

<p>2-(2-Chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropanoic acid is a plant hormone that is involved in the mediation of plant responses to various biotic and abiotic stressors. It is synthesized from salicylic acid by the enzyme phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and its structure resembles that of hydrogen peroxide. Its linear growth-promoting activity is mediated by the formation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, which activates the production of hydrogen peroxide and induces cell expansion. The biosynthesis of this compound has been shown in plants through studies on excised tissues.</p>

<p>2-Bromo-3-hydroxybenzoic acid ethyl ester is a versatile building block that can be used in the synthesis of complex compounds. It is a fine chemical and research chemical with CAS No. 1260889-94-8. This compound has high quality and is used as a reagent, scaffold, or intermediate in organic syntheses. 2-Bromo-3-hydroxybenzoic acid ethyl ester is also useful for the preparation of speciality chemicals and reaction components.</p>

<p>3,4-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenylboronic acid is a versatile building block that can be used as a reagent in organic synthesis. It has been shown to be a high quality product with the CAS number 1204745-88-9. This chemical is used to produce fine chemicals and research chemicals. 3,4-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenylboronic acid is also a useful intermediate in the production of complex compounds and can be used as a building block for speciality chemicals.</p>

<p>4-Acetoxycinnamic acid is a staphylococcal bactericide that inhibits bacterial growth and is active against many gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus. It is also active against many gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 4-Acetoxycinnamic acid has been shown to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus in an in vitro experiment by interfering with membrane permeability and inhibiting lipid synthesis. 4-Acetoxycinnamic acid has been shown to have antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA).</p>

<p>3-Chloro-4-nitrobenzoic acid (3CNB) is an amine that has been shown to be a 5-HT1A receptor agonist. It has been used in animal models of anxiety, depression and schizophrenia. 3CNB is able to activate the 5-HT1A receptor, which is involved in the regulation of anxiety, mood and other behaviors. The activation energies for the binding of 3CNB to the 5-HT1A receptor are calculated to be 8.3 kcal/mol and 9.2 kcal/mol at pH 7.0 and 10 respectively. A clinical study found that this agent was effective in treating trichomonas vaginalis infections as well as reducing symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. In vivo studies have revealed that 3CNB is capable of inducing a sustained increase in extracellular serotonin levels in rat brain tissue with a half life of 2 hours. Kinetic studies have also shown that nitro groups enhance</p>

<p>(3-Formyl-1-indolyl)acetic acid is a small molecule that has been shown to inhibit the activity of various enzymes, including acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and histamine N-methyltransferase (HNMT). The crystal structure of (3-formyl-1-indolyl)acetic acid was determined by X-ray crystallography. The active conformation of the molecule was found to be a nonplanar chair conformation with a hydrogen bond acceptor at C8. This conformation is stabilized by a hydrogen bond donor at C7, which also creates an additional hydrogen bond acceptor at O2. These interactions stabilize the molecule in its active form. The docking studies showed that the ligand binds to AChE with high affinity, while binding to BChE and HNMT with lower affinity. The inhibition effects on these</p>

<p>Biotin-PEG4-propionic acid is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. Biotin-PEG4-propionic acid is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.</p>

<p>3-Carboxycinnamic acid is a metabolite of cinnamic acid and belongs to the group of phenols. It is a potent inducer of apoptosis in human carcinoma cell lines, with potency comparable to all-trans retinoic acid. 3-Carboxycinnamic acid has been shown to induce apoptosis by increasing the expression of proapoptotic proteins such as Bax and decreasing the expression of antiapoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2. 3-Carboxycinnamic acid also interacts with other transcriptional regulators, including all-trans retinoic acid, which may explain its potent cytotoxic effects. This compound has been shown to inhibit cell cycle progression at G2/M phase by inhibiting DNA synthesis. In addition, 3-carboxycinnamic acid can increase protein synthesis in liver cells, but inhibits it in cardiac cells.</p>

<p>4-Bromo-2-fluorobenzoic acid is an organic solvent that is used in the introduction of 2-aminoisobutyric acid. The reaction solution is typically heated and contains a small amount of either chloride, sulfoxide, or both. Various analytical methods can be used to determine the yield of the acylation reaction. 4-Bromo-2-fluorobenzoic acid's ligand can be converted to an acid chloride with a Grignard reagent and then reacted with carboxylate to form an ester. This ester reacts with amines to form amides, which are used as pharmaceuticals and intermediates for various other reactions. 4-Bromo-2-fluorobenzoic acid inhibits bacterial growth by binding to glutamine synthetase, thereby inhibiting protein synthesis.</p>

<p>6-Hydrazino-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis. It inhibits the activity of vascular endothelial growth factor, which is a potent pro-angiogenic factor. 6HPCA has been shown to inhibit the growth of prostate cancer cells in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. The mechanism for this inhibition may be due to its ability to decrease levels of all-trans retinoic acid (RA), a potent pro-angiogenic molecule. 6HPCA also inhibits the proliferation of human serum, monoclonal antibody, and polymer drug uptake in cell culture systems. In addition, 6HPCA has low toxicity and low pharmacokinetic properties that have been demonstrated by several studies using radiolabeled analogues and autoradiography.</p>

<p>4-Maleimidobutyric acid N-succinimidyl ester is a maleimide compound that can be used as an antimicrobial. It has been shown to have the ability to bind to toll-like receptors, which are proteins found on cells that play a role in immune responses. 4-Maleimidobutyric acid N-succinimidyl ester has been shown to inhibit the growth of bacteria by binding to DNA and crosslinking it. The drug also inhibits protein synthesis and enzyme activities in bacteria.<br>4-Maleimidobutyric acid N-succinimidyl ester has not been tested for its effects on humans, but it has been shown to be nontoxic in animal studies. This drug may cause cell lysis and thermal expansion, which means that it may be useful in the study of axonal growth and toxicity studies.</p>

<p>2,6-Dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoic acid is a carboxylic acid that is used as an intermediate in the production of lithium.</p>

<p>D-(+)-Camphoric acid is a chiral compound that has been synthesized and studied for its anticancer activity. It was found to be effective against cancer cells in the presence of metal cations, such as copper, nickel, and zinc. D-(+)-Camphoric acid can be used as a test compound to investigate the mechanism of action of drugs that target the lysosomal membrane. It is also useful in determining homochirality by x-ray diffraction studies. This compound has been shown to have an adsorption kinetic behaviour that is dependent on pH and ionic strength, which can be determined by luminescence experiments. D-(+)-Camphoric acid is an enantiopure chemical with a reaction time of 5 minutes at room temperature and is available in crystalline form. The crystal x-ray diffraction data for this compound has been published and it exhibits anticancer activity.</p>

<p>Norethindrone acetate is a synthetic estrogen with progestational activity. It is used in combination with an estrogen to treat symptoms of menopause such as hot flashes and vaginal dryness, or in the prevention of endometriosis. Norethindrone acetate is also used in combination with progestin for contraception. It binds to estrogen receptors and produces similar effects to other estrogens, including inhibition of gonadotropin secretion, increased breast size, reduced risk of uterine cancer, and prevention of osteoporosis. The addition of norethisterone acetate provides the benefits of progestogen without the side effect of menstrual bleeding. Norethindrone acetate has been shown to increase serum prolactin levels in women and can cause breast tenderness or enlargement. This drug has been approved by the FDA as a treatment for bowel disease in women when given together with erythromycin. Norethindrone acetate</p>

<p>3-Methyl-2,4,5-trifluorobenzoic acid is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic that inhibits the DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. It binds to bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA and inhibits protein synthesis, leading to cell death by inhibiting the production of proteins vital for cell division. 3-Methyl-2,4,5-trifluorobenzoic acid has been shown to be bactericidal in vitro against Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This drug also has a target enzyme modification activity with the potential to modify enzymes not usually targeted by fluoroquinolones.</p>

<p>2-Bromo-5-nitrobenzoic acid is an amine that has been shown to have a potent inhibitory effect on the enzyme fibrinogen, which is needed for blood clotting. It also inhibits other enzymes in the fibrinogen pathway, including those involved in protein synthesis and cellular metabolism. 2-Bromo-5-nitrobenzoic acid has been shown to inhibit cancer cells by blocking their ability to use amino acids as building blocks for new proteins. This drug may be used as a treatment for cancer and other diseases where protein synthesis is critical.</p>

<p>2-Pyridylacetic acid is an organic compound that is found in the urine of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. It is associated with a high risk of colorectal cancer and has been shown to inhibit tumor cell proliferation in a number of studies. 2-Pyridylacetic acid inhibits the reaction of picolinic acid with lactic acid, which is a mechanism for the synthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). This compound also has inhibitory properties against the activity of phosphofructokinase. 2-Pyridylacetic acid can be quantified using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods that are based on chemical ionization or electron impact ionization. It can also be detected by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The sample preparation involves hydrochloric acid extraction followed by concentration and derivatization.</p>

<p>H-Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 acetate is a high quality reagent that is useful in the synthesis of complex compounds. It can be used as an intermediate for the production of fine chemicals and speciality chemicals, as well as being a versatile building block in the synthesis of organic compounds. H-Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 acetate can also be used to make research chemicals or reaction components.</p>