Carboxylic Acids

<p>4-Amino-2-chlorobenzoic acid methyl ester (4ACBME) is a chemical compound that has been used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. It acts as an immunoreceptor and regulatory molecule by binding to specific receptors on the surface of lymphocytes, which are cells that play a central role in the immune system. 4ACBME also inhibits the production of inflammatory molecules, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8. The regression of tissue inflammation was observed in animal models after 4ACBME treatment. This compound has been shown to have no genotoxic impurities in vitro studies and its molecular descriptors are consistent with those found for other immunoreceptors.</p>

<p>Apovincaminic acid is a quaternary alcohol with the molecular formula CHNO. It is an acid ethyl ester, with hydroxy and hydroxy groups. Apovincaminic acid is a pharmacokinetic drug that is used in humans to treat chronic alcoholism. It has a linear pharmacokinetics profile, and does not have any autoinduction or alkaloid properties. It also does not show any significant interactions with other drugs. Apovincaminic acid binds to primary alcohols to form esters, which are eliminated from the body through urine.</p>

<p>Ethyl 4-butoxy-5-fluoro-2,6-dioxohexahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate is a drug that has been used in clinical studies for the treatment of primary brain tumors. It has shown clinical response rates of up to 87%, with the most favourable response observed in patients with low tumor grade and well differentiated histology. The drug is administered orally and penetrates tissues, including the central nervous system. Ethyl 4-butoxy-5-fluoro-2,6-dioxohexahydropyrimidine-5 carboxylate has been found to be toxic to ameloblasts and cancer cells in vitro. Tumor regression was observed in animals treated with ethyl 4 butoxy 5 fluoro 2 6 dioxohexahydropyrimidine 5 carboxylate, which led to decreased symptoms such as weight loss and cachexia.</p>

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<p>2-Fluoro-6-hydroxybenzoic acid is a fluorescent compound that is commonly used as a reagent in organic synthesis. It has been shown to be an effective fungicide, and has also been shown to have pesticidal activity against various insects. The stability of 2-fluoro-6-hydroxybenzoic acid in water depends on the pH level; at low pH levels, it is stable and can be used as a fungicide, while at high pH levels, it is unstable and cannot be used as a fungicide. Studies have shown that 2-fluoro-6-hydroxybenzoic acid binds with hydrogen ions to form stable complexes, which may explain its pesticidal properties.</p>

<p>N-Methyltetrahydrofolic acid is a form of folic acid, which is an important vitamin for the production of red blood cells and the prevention of neural tube defects. It can be found in food such as leafy vegetables, whole grains, and citrus fruits. N-Methyltetrahydrofolic acid is important for DNA synthesis and energy metabolism. It also has been shown to exert antioxidant effects in human serum.</p>

<p>2-Nitroterephthalic acid is an inorganic acid that belongs to the nitro group. It is a white powder and has a melting point of 115°C. The crystal structure of 2-nitroterephthalic acid was determined using x-ray crystallography, and the thermal expansion coefficient was measured at different temperatures between 10° and 120°C. This compound has been used as a test sample to study the hydrogen bonding interactions between methyl ethyl groups on the molecule's surface with carboxylate groups in other molecules. Structural analysis of this compound also revealed that it contains a carboxylate group that can be converted into an ester for use in organic synthesis.</p>

<p>3-Hydroxyhippuric acid is an organic acid that is the main metabolite of benzoic acid. It is excreted in urine and can be used as a biomarker for the ingestion of benzoic acid. 3-Hydroxyhippuric acid has been detected in human urine samples after ingestion of caffeic acids, chlorogenic acids, or phenolic acids. 3-Hydroxyhippuric acid is also produced by microbial metabolism of p-hydroxybenzoate (pHBA) and may be used as a biomarker for pHBA consumption. The metabolic profile of 3-hydroxyhippuric acid varies with the type of substrate consumed: caffeic acids lead to the production of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), while chlorogenic acids produce 4-chlorophenol (4CP). Cholesterol estersase (CES) catalyzes the hydrolysis of</p>

<p>5-Methylnicotinic acid is a synthetic compound that belongs to the class of organic compounds. It is an amide with optical properties and reacts in aqueous solution with hydroxides to form salts. 5-Methylnicotinic acid has been shown to be effective against rupatadine fumarate, sodium hydroxide solution, transfer mechanism, and plasma samples.</p>

<p>1,2-Naphthoquinone-4-sulfonic acid sodium salt is a fluorescent probe that reacts with the hydroxyl groups of amino acids and proteins. It has been used to measure glucose levels by injecting it into a living organism and examining the fluorescence emitted in response to an excitation wavelength. The redox potential of this molecule is -0.29 volts, which indicates that it is nucleophilic. 1,2-Naphthoquinone-4-sulfonic acid sodium salt can be used as a dye for labeling amines and other compounds with strong electron withdrawing groups. This compound is often used as a reagent in the synthesis of pharmaceutical preparations such as ceftriaxone. 1,2-Naphthoquinone-4-sulfonic acid sodium salt also reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce amines such as benzeneamine or ethylamine.</p>

<p>Ethyl 7-hydroxycoumarin-3-carboxylate is a coumarin derivative that acts as a selective and potent inhibitor of the adenosine A3 receptor. It has been shown to inhibit growth of cancer cells in vitro, and it also inhibits the proliferation of S.aureus. Ethyl 7-hydroxycoumarin-3-carboxylate binds to the α subunit in an irreversible manner, inhibiting its function. This compound has been used to study plant physiology and homogeneous catalysis.</p>

<p>Delicious peptide (bovine) trifluoroacetate is a polymerase chain reaction probe that is complementary to the 3' end of the human insulin gene. When used in a polymerase chain reaction, it amplifies the DNA sequences at the 3' end of the gene. The product of this amplification has been shown to inhibit genetic disorders such as metabolic disorders, iron homeostasis, and leukemia. This agent also inhibits acidic fibroblast proliferation and pluripotent cells. This drug has been shown to have a molecular docking analysis with pharmacological agents and may be helpful in treatments for various diseases.</p>

<p>3,5-Diaminosalicylic acid is a potent antibacterial agent that inhibits the synthesis of bacterial cell walls by inhibiting the enzyme transpeptidase. It is also used as a preservative and stabilizer in pharmaceutical formulations. 3,5-Diaminosalicylic acid has been shown to be active against cochliobolus at an optimum concentration of 2%. The solute is stable in water or dilute acids and alkalis. However, it can be hydrolyzed by strong bases such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide. Impurities such as nitro groups can be removed by washing with water or ethanol. The drug substance should be analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods to ensure stability and purity. 3,5-Diaminosalicylic acid forms crystalline needles that are colorless to white in solution. They will dissolve when heated but form precipitates when cooled. The crystals are</p>

<p>Syringic acid hydrazide is a heterocyclic molecule with anticancer activity. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of cancer cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Syringic acid hydrazide is a chlorinating agent that reacts with p-hydroxybenzoic acid to form an intermediate that binds to active site residues on the cancer cell's DNA. This binding prevents the synthesis of DNA, leading to cell death. Syringic acid hydrazide does not affect uninfected plants or cultivars resistant to Fusarium oxysporum f., as it does not bind to their chlorophyll molecules.</p>

<p>3-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid methyl ester is a phenolic acid that is a potent inhibitor of tyrosinase activity. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of cancer cells by binding to 5-HT2A receptors and inhibiting the production of epidermal growth factor, which leads to a decrease in the expression of tyrosinase. 3-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid methyl ester has also been shown to have an inhibitory effect on the synthesis of protocatechuic acid and acetate extract from soybean. This compound was found to be more effective than kojic acid, arbutin, and ascorbic acid.</p>

<p>Meclofenamic acid is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that inhibits the activity of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase. It is used for the treatment of mild to moderate pain, dysmenorrhea, and menstrual cramps. Meclofenamic acid binds to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) substrate-binding site, inhibiting DNA synthesis in rat hippocampal neurons. This drug has also been shown to suppress disease activity in animals with experimental arthritis. Meclofenamic acid can be administered orally or intravenously without altering its effect on disease activity or blood sampling results. The drug is rapidly metabolized by hydroxylation and conjugation with glucuronic acid, followed by excretion in urine or feces. Meclofenamic acid significantly cytotoxic to human polymorphonuclear leukocytes at high concentrations, which may be due to its ability to modify RNA synthesis and protein synthesis.</p>

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<p>2-Ethoxycinnamic acid is a metastable molecule that has been obtained by an asymmetric synthesis. It is unreactive, and its reaction products are polyvalent. 2-Ethoxycinnamic acid can be analyzed using analytical methods such as flow system, functional theory, and gas chromatography. 2-Ethoxycinnamic acid has been used in the preparation of cinnamates, which are used in perfumes and flavors. Polymorphs of this molecule have also been observed in crystalline form. There are two different forms of the molecule: α-form and β-form. The α-form is more stable than the β-form because it has a hydrogen bond with the methyl group on the left side of the molecule.</p>

<p>Sex pheromone inhibitor IPD1 is an antibody that inhibits the production of sex pheromones by Streptococcus faecalis. It is used to diagnose and treat allergic diseases, such as atopic dermatitis or bronchial asthma. This antibody binds to a protein called polypide, which is involved in the synthesis of sex pheromones, and inhibits its activity. It has been shown to inhibit the production of sex pheromones by Streptococcus faecalis when analyzed using an SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis method. Sex pheromone inhibitor IPD1 also binds to antibodies against streptococcus, acari, and other bacteria.</p>

<p>Ammonium trifluoroacetate is a chemical compound that has two hydroxyl groups. It is used for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, and in the synthesis of nomegestrol acetate, which is an estrogenic drug. Ammonium trifluoroacetate is also used to study the biological properties of receptors and other proteins. The thermal expansion property of ammonium trifluoroacetate can be used to determine its concentration in a sample. Ammonium trifluoroacetate also has potent antagonistic effects against HIV infection and can be detected with high sensitivity. Studies have shown that ammonium trifluoroacetate is toxic to humans; however, it does not accumulate in the body.</p>

<p>Anti-viral; neuraminidase inhibitor; effective agains influenza A and B viruses</p>

<p>Palustric acid is a fatty acid that is used to remove organic pollutants from wastewater. It has been shown to have significant interactions with human pathogens such as Pimaric Acid and Levopimaric Acid, which are produced by the degradation of chlorinated compounds. Palustric acid also has an acidic nature, and can cause a thermal expansion in water vapor.</p>

<p>2,4-Dihydroxybutanoic acid calcium is a versatile building block that can be used as a reagent or speciality chemical in research. It has many uses as a building block for complex compounds, such as pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. 2,4-Dihydroxybutanoic acid calcium is also an important intermediate for reactions to produce useful scaffolds. This product is of high quality and can be used in many applications.</p>

<p>DL-Isocitric acid trisodium salt hydrate is a nutrient solution that is used to provide energy for bacterial growth. DL-Isocitric acid trisodium salt hydrate provides sodium citrate, sodium succinate, and sodium carbonate which are essential for the metabolism of fatty acids. It also stabilizes chemical compounds and can be used as an alternative to the use of antibiotics. DL-Isocitric acid trisodium salt hydrate has been shown to inhibit enzyme activity in bacteria by binding to the active site of enzymes, inhibiting protein synthesis and cell division. The addition of colloidal gold particles can enhance its effectiveness in preventing bacterial growth.</p>

<p>4-Chloroanthranilic acid is an inorganic acid that has antimicrobial properties. It is a bound form of anthranilic acid, which is not water soluble and can be easily absorbed by the skin. 4-Chloroanthranilic acid is used as an antibiotic in topical preparations because it has been shown to have inhibitory effects on the growth of P. aeruginosa, epidermal growth factor, and nitrogen atoms. 4-Chloroanthranilic acid also has coordination complex with copper and inhibits the growth of bacteria by inhibiting the production of bacterial cell wall synthesis enzymes.</p>

<p>CAPSO, also known as 3-(Cyclohexylamino)-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid, is a zwitterionic buffer chemical that has an optimal pH range of 8.9-10.3 and a pKa of 9.6. This buffering agent shows low metal ion binding and high solubility and is commonly used in protein transfer applications and during cell lysis for membrane protein extraction.</p>

<p>4-Acetoxycinnamic acid is a staphylococcal bactericide that inhibits bacterial growth and is active against many gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus. It is also active against many gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 4-Acetoxycinnamic acid has been shown to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus in an in vitro experiment by interfering with membrane permeability and inhibiting lipid synthesis. 4-Acetoxycinnamic acid has been shown to have antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA).</p>

<p>3,4-Diacetoxyphenylacetic acid is a white crystalline solid. It is soluble in water, ethanol and acetone. This chemical is a useful building block for the synthesis of a wide range of compounds including pharmaceuticals, pesticides and agrochemicals. 3,4-Diacetoxyphenylacetic acid has been used as a reagent for the synthesis of various complex compounds such as anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics. 3,4-Diacetoxyphenylacetic acid can be used as a versatile building block in the synthesis of many different compounds with high purity and quality.</p>

<p>2,4-Dimethoxy-3-methylbenzoic acid is a fine chemical that is used as a versatile building block in the synthesis of other organic compounds. 2,4-Dimethoxy-3-methylbenzoic acid has been used in research to generate novel compounds with desired properties. It is also used as a reaction component and speciality chemical. The compound can be reacted with sodium methoxide in methanol to form 2,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, which is an intermediate for the synthesis of other chemicals. It also reacts with nitric acid to form 2,4-dimethylbenzoic acid and oleum. These reactions are useful for the production of certain drugs or for the synthesis of polymers.</p>

<p>Bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid (diisooctylphosphinic acid) is a slightly water soluble compound which has a variety of applications based upon its metal ion chelating properties. Fe(III) and In(III) ions, for example, can be ligated by phosphinic acids allowing them to transfer from an aqueous into an organic phase, treatment of the organic soluble metal complexes with aqueous acid or base as appropriate selectively strips the phosphinic acid ligands and the metal ions re-enter the aqueous phase. Similarly, heavy metal contaminants can be removed from solid materials using diisooctylphosphinic acid as a ligand in super critical fluid extraction (SFE) processes. Bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid can also be used as an additive to create halogen-free flame retardant adhesives.</p>

<p>3-Amino-3-methylbutanoic acid is a carbonaceous compound that can be synthesized from b-alanine and perchloroethylene. It is used in the manufacture of butanoic acid, which is an important industrial chemical. 3-Amino-3-methylbutanoic acid has been shown to exist as four isomers, each with a different molecular weight. The isomers are produced by a synthetic process involving the reaction of b-alanine and perchloroethylene. In an amination reaction, the compounds are heated in the presence of ammonia gas or ammonium chloride to form 3-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid.</p>

<p>3-[2-(Benzoyloxy)phenyl]propionic acid is a fine chemical that is useful for the synthesis of a wide range of chemicals. It is used as a versatile building block, intermediate and reagent in organic chemistry. This compound has CAS number 59725-59-6 and is soluble in water. 3-[2-(Benzoyloxy)phenyl]propionic acid can be synthesized from benzaldehyde, phenylacetic acid and propionic anhydride in the presence of sodium acetate.</p>

<p>5,5-Diphenylhydantoin-3-butyric acid is a drug that is classified as a hydantoin derivative. It has been shown to be an active compound in the treatment of human brain tumors. This drug has also been found to be detectable in human serum and urine by means of electrochemical immunoassay.</p>

<p>2-Aminoterephthalic acid dimethyl ester is a proton receptor that binds to the C-terminus of the proton receptor. It has been shown to inhibit serine protease activity and chemokine production, which may lead to dysuria. The proton receptor-binding site is composed of a five-membered heteroaryl ring with a methylthio group, which interacts with the protonated amino group at the 2 position of the 2-aminoterephthalic acid. This interaction results in an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy signal that has a low energy.</p>

<p>Chenodeoxycholic acid, sodium salt is a bile acid that is derived from ursodeoxycholic acid. It has been used in the treatment of gallstones and primary biliary cirrhosis. Chenodeoxycholic acid, sodium salt inhibits the production of cholesterol by blocking the action of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) enzyme, which is responsible for catalyzing the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate. Chenodeoxycholic acid also inhibits the growth of tumor cells and has antiinflammatory properties due to its ability to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis. This drug may interact with drugs that are substrates for either chenodeoxycholic acid or cytochrome P450 enzymes.</p>

<p>2-Pyridylacetic acid is an organic compound that is found in the urine of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. It is associated with a high risk of colorectal cancer and has been shown to inhibit tumor cell proliferation in a number of studies. 2-Pyridylacetic acid inhibits the reaction of picolinic acid with lactic acid, which is a mechanism for the synthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). This compound also has inhibitory properties against the activity of phosphofructokinase. 2-Pyridylacetic acid can be quantified using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods that are based on chemical ionization or electron impact ionization. It can also be detected by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The sample preparation involves hydrochloric acid extraction followed by concentration and derivatization.</p>

<p>4-Bromomandelic acid is a chemical with the molecular formula CHBrO. It is an acid that can be found in the form of a solution at room temperature. It is soluble in water and alcohols, but not in ether or chloroform. 4-Bromomandelic acid is used as a reagent for the identification of carbohydrates and other organic compounds by phase chromatography. 4-Bromomandelic acid can be recycled from triticum aestivum (wheat) straw by washing with hydrochloric acid to remove impurities. The purified product can then be crystallized from trifluoroacetic acid or acetic anhydride, followed by backpressure to remove excess solvent. It has been shown that binding constants for metal ions are increased in the presence of p-hydroxybenzoic acid or biphenyl, which has led to its use as a catalyst for reactions involving these substances.</p>

<p>Butaphosphan is a drug that has been shown to have clinical relevance for the treatment of metabolic disorders. It is a prodrug that is converted into butaprost-diol, which has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity and reduce aminotransferase activity in rats. Butaphosphan can be used as an alternative to aminotransferase inhibitors such as ursodeoxycholic acid and cholestyramine for the treatment of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. This drug has also been shown to have a protective effect on fatty acid metabolism, which may be due to its ability to inhibit the activity of enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis. Butaphosphan is metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes and hydroxylases and can be detected using LC-MS/MS methods. The drug has also been shown to have beneficial effects on cortisol concentrations and liver histology when administered orally.</p>

<p>Indole-4-Carboxylic acid is a molecule that belongs to the group of indole carboxylic acids. It is an organic compound that has a dipole moment and isomers. Indole-4-carboxylic acid can be synthesized by the saponification of indole-7-carboxylic acid, which has two functional groups: a hydroxy group and an amide group. The molecule has a chemical structure with an amide bond between the carboxyl and amino groups at one end, which forms a protonated amide. This protonated amide also has two orientations: trans and cis. The trans orientation is found in human cytochrome P450 and other proteins, while the cis orientation is found in enzymes such as tryptophan synthase, indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase, or tyrosine hydroxylase.</p>

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<p>4,6-Dichloro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester is a synthetic compound that functions as an agonist of the indole 2 receptor. It has been shown to have affinity for cortical and brain membranes, with a greater affinity for acidic regions of the membrane. 4,6-Dichloro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester is also capable of binding to the indole 2 receptor and activating it. The carboxyl group in this compound is substituted with benzene rings, which are connected by a moiety containing two carboxylic groups. 4,6-Dichloro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester was synthesised from 1H -indole acetic acid and chloroethane in four steps.</p>

<p>Rac-trans-3-amino-1-oxyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine 4-carboxylic acid (rac TAT) is an axial chiral compound. It has a molecular weight of 246.36 and the empirical formula C11H19N3O4. Rac TAT is soluble in water and alcohols. Rac TAT crystallizes as a racemic mixture of enantiomers (Rac=50% + 50%). Rac TAT has been used as a probe for cyclic secondary amines with high resolution. Rac TAT also shows high selectivity for β-amino acids over α-amino acids. The configuration of the molecule is determined by the configuration of the biphenyl substituents at C4 and C5. Rac TAT can be synthesized from racemic trans 3 amino 1 oxyl 2 2 5 5 tetramethyl pyrrolidin 4</p>

<p>2-Hydroxyhippuric acid (2HPA) is a metabolite of salicylic acid. 2HPA is used to measure the concentration of salicylic acid in urine, which can be used as a biomarker for disease activity. When 2HPA is present in the urine, it indicates that the body has been exposed to salicylic acid. The concentration of 2HPA in urine correlates with the amount of salicylic acid taken orally and excreted by the kidneys. The analytical method for determining 2HPA in urine involves measuring the concentration of 2HPA and its derivatives with high pressure liquid chromatography or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Some biological samples that can be tested include blood, serum, plasma, saliva, sweat, or hair. Pharmacological agents that may affect 2HPA levels include other drugs such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or aspirin. The model system for this metabolite is human</p>

<p>6-Bromo-2,3-dimethoxybenzoic acid is a synthetic chemical that has been shown to have antibacterial activity. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of bacteria by binding to the imine group in the bacterial cell wall and preventing its synthesis. 6-Bromo-2,3-dimethoxybenzoic acid has also been shown to be synthesised from 2,3-dimethoxybenzoic acid and bromine. This compound is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid that inhibits protein synthesis and cell division.</p>

<p>5-Formylsalicylic acid is a molecule that has the chemical formula HOOC-(CH2)4-COOH. It is an organic acid that is derived from 5-nitrosalicylic acid, which is prepared by reacting sodium carbonate with hydroxybenzoic acid in the presence of ethylene diamine. This compound has been shown to have the ability to form hydrogen bonds with other molecules and itself. 5-Formylsalicylic acid can be synthesized by reacting sodium hydroxide with hydrogen chloride gas in a neutral pH environment. The surface methodology for this compound was determined to be gravimetric analysis, while it exhibits intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions and matrix effects. Hydrogen bonding interactions are formed through nitrogen atoms and carboxylate groups on the surface of the molecule.</p>

<p>5-Hydroxy-6-methoxyindole-carboxylic acid (5-HMICA) is a molecule that is found in the pericardium and urine of patients with cancer. 5-HMICA has been shown to suppress tumor growth and activate cell mediated cytotoxicity in vitro. It also induces T helper type 1 (Th1) immune responses, which are associated with the production of cytokines such as interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha.</p>

<p>4-Hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetic acid is a metabolite of caproic acid in the mouse. It is also an analytical marker for caproic acid in human serum and a biochemical marker for 4-hydroxybenzoic acid in human urine. The affinity of 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetic acid to antibodies has been shown by its ability to be titrated calorimetrically with antibodies, which are used as a model system. The antibody response has been studied by immunizing mice with 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, which resulted in the production of antibodies that had the same reactivity as those against 4-hydoxy-3-nitrophenylacetic acid. The reaction mechanism of hydrolysis of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid by monoclonal antibodies has been proposed and was supported by the results obtained from titration calorimetry experiments.</p>

<p>R-a-Lipoic acid tromethamine salt is a reaction component and reagent that is used in the synthesis of high quality chemical products. The compound has many applications, including being a useful scaffold for the synthesis of complex compounds. R-a-Lipoic acid tromethamine salt can be used as a versatile building block or as a fine chemical. This compound is also listed under CAS No. 14358-90-8, which makes it an excellent choice for research chemicals and speciality chemicals.</p>

<p>4-Iodocinnamic acid is a mesomorphic, supramolecular organic acid that has potent cytotoxicity against cancer cells. It is also an analogue of the natural product cinnamic acid. 4-Iodocinnamic acid binds to the active site of the enzyme DNA polymerase and inhibits DNA synthesis by preventing the incorporation of deoxynucleotide triphosphates into synthesized DNA chains. The compound has been shown to have strong antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Bacillus cereus. 4-Iodocinnamic acid is also an effective inhibitor of cancer cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in these cells.</p>

<p>1H-Indoline-3-carboxylic acid is a molecule with the chemical formula C8H6N2O2. It is an aromatic carboxylic acid and one of the three enantiopure isomers of indoline. 1H-Indoline-3-carboxylic acid has two tautomers, cis (cis) and trans (trans). The stereoisomer cis is found in nature, while trans can be synthesized. 1H-Indoline-3-carboxylic acid can be cleaved to form phenylacetic acid and benzoic acid in reactions catalyzed by acids at high temperatures. Kinetic studies have shown that 1H-indoline-3-carboxylic acid undergoes biotransformation to form methylbenzene, ethylbenzene, propylbenzene, butylbenzene, pentylbenzene and hexylbenzene.</p>

<p>2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid is a plant growth regulator that inhibits the transfer of auxin from the shoot to the root. It does this by preventing synthesis of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and its conversion to 2,4-dichlorophenoxypropionic acid (2,4-DP). The 2,4-D then binds to the auxin transport proteins in the plasma membrane and prevents their passage through the cell wall. The mechanism of action of 2,4-D is not well understood but it is thought that it may inhibit or interfere with indoleacetic acid production or metabolism. Auxins are also mediators of plant physiology and play a role in many processes such as phototropism and phytochrome sensitivity.<br>2,4-D has been shown to block photosynthesis and respiration in plants by inhibiting chlorophyll synthesis. Indoleacetic acid</p>

<p>2,3-Difluoro-4-methoxybenzoic acid is a versatile building block that can be used to make complex compounds. This compound is a high quality, useful intermediate and reaction component that can be used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and other chemical products. 2,3-Difluoro-4-methoxybenzoic acid is a reagent that can be used for research purposes or as a speciality chemical. It has been shown to have many uses as a scaffold for making new compounds with different structures.</p>

<p>3-(3-Methyl-3H-diazirine-3-yl)propionic acid (3MDZ) is a fluorophore that can be used in cancer research. It has been shown to bind to the active site of human SIRT1 and inhibit its activity, which leads to cell death by deacylating histone H3. 3MDZ is also able to bind to carbenes, which are highly reactive molecules that have been implicated in aging and cancer. 3MDZ has shown chemopreventive effects against tumor formation and growth by binding to the carbenes and preventing them from forming reactive oxygen species. It can be used as a fluorescent probe for studying the interactions between carbenes and nucleic acids.</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about 3-Methyl-5-isoxazoleacetic acid including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>Hydroxocobalamin acetate is a water-soluble form of hydroxocobalamin, a vitamin B12 prodrug. It is an insoluble polymer that dissolves slowly in an acidic environment. Hydroxocobalamin acetate has been shown to inhibit the growth of human carcinoma cells in culture and can be used as a test compound for anticancer drugs. Hydroxocobalamin acetate is also used as a mouth rinse agent to prevent or treat dental cavities. In addition, it can be used to relieve the symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) by reducing the acidity of gastric contents. This drug has been shown to stimulate vasoactive intestinal polypeptide release from enterochromaffin cells and can be used for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Hydroxocobalamin acetate is poorly soluble in neutral pH environments and should not be given orally.</p>

<p>DL-3,4-Dihydroxymandelic Acid is a biologically active compound that is found in the human body and has been used as a drug for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. It is also an intermediate in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitter dopamine. DL-3,4-Dihydroxymandelic Acid has been shown to decrease enzyme activity in hl-60 cells and was found to be an inhibitor of acetate extract from coli K-12. The reaction mechanism for this compound has not yet been fully elucidated. DL-3,4-Dihydroxymandelic Acid is generally considered to have a physiological function in regulating systolic pressure.</p>

<p>3-Amino-4-methylbenzoic acid is a chemical that is used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals. It has been shown to have receptor binding activity and is able to inhibit aminotransferase activity. 3-Amino-4-methylbenzoic acid has been shown to be a competitive inhibitor of ptp1b, an enzyme that degrades phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate. This property may be useful for treating inflammatory diseases such as Crohn's disease and rheumatoid arthritis. 3-Amino-4-methylbenzoic acid binds to the active site of ptp1b with high affinity and forms a coordination complex with two zinc ions. Monomers are also able to bind to ptp1b and inhibit its function.<br>3-Amino-4-methylbenzoic acid has been tested in vitro for its ability to inhibit the growth</p>

<p>Asperulosidic acid is a glycoside derivative that belongs to the natural compounds. It has been shown to be an enzyme inducer in bacteria, yeast and plants. Asperulosidic acid can be found in the leaves of asperula odorata, a plant commonly known as sweet woodruff. It is also found in fructus asperuli, which is made from the fruit of asperula odorata. Asperulosidic acid has been shown to increase the activity of enzymes such as β-glucuronidase and esterase in bacteria, which may have an effect on their metabolism. This compound also increases the activity of proteases and other enzymes in plants and yeast. The matrix effect can be used to determine the concentration of this compound by measuring its effects on enzyme activity. Matrix effects can be measured using a plate test or by plasma mass spectrometry. Asperulosidic acid has been shown to have growth</p>

<p>2-Fluoro-3-nitrobenzoic acid ethyl ester is a versatile, high quality building block with a number of uses in research and industry. It is an intermediate in the synthesis of a range of compounds, including pharmaceuticals and other fine chemicals. 2-Fluoro-3-nitrobenzoic acid ethyl ester is also used as a reagent for the synthesis of complex compounds, such as pharmaceuticals. This compound can be synthesized from readily available starting materials and has been shown to be useful for the preparation of scaffolds for organic synthesis. 2-Fluoro-3-nitrobenzoic acid ethyl ester is not listed on the Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) registry, but it does have an IUPAC name (2-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-5-(1,1,2,2 tetrafluoropropoxy)-3H-[1]py</p>

<p>Phenoxyacetic acid is a phenoxy compound that exhibits antibacterial and anthelmintic activity. It has been shown to be highly active against helminthes, such as tapeworms and roundworms. Phenoxyacetic acid interacts with the helminth's cell membrane, which causes the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and inhibits mitochondrial function. This leads to cell death by inhibiting protein synthesis and DNA replication. The hydrophobic nature of phenoxyacetic acid allows it to penetrate the anthelmint's cuticle and enter the worm's body cavity where it inhibits mitochondrial function. Phenoxyacetic acid has also been shown to inhibit tuberculosis in mice in vivo, but not in vitro. In addition, phenoxyacetic acid binds to nuclei of cancer cells and prevents the production of RNA and protein synthesis. This results in cell death by apoptosis or necrosis.</p>

<p>3,5-Dimethoxyphenylacetic acid is a reagent that can be used in the synthesis of many organic compounds. It is also a high quality chemical with a CAS number of 4670-10-4. 3,5-Dimethoxyphenylacetic acid is useful as a research chemical and as an intermediate for the synthesis of more complex compounds. This compound has been shown to be a versatile building block and useful scaffold in the synthesis of highly complex chemicals.</p>

<p>(1-Methylethyl)boronic acid is a boronic acid that can be used as a catalyst in organic synthesis. This compound is an organometallic compound that has been shown to be a good catalyst for the polymerization of olefins, and for the preparation of copolymers with polyenes. It can also be used in asymmetric synthesis and as a site-specific ligand in transition metal catalyzed reactions. (1-Methylethyl)boronic acid has been shown to inhibit protease activity and may have therapeutic potential for metabolic disorders such as obesity.</p>

<p>Alpha-Mating Factor acetate salt is a complex compound that is a useful intermediate, building block, and reaction component. Alpha-Mating Factor acetate salt has been shown to be a useful scaffold for the synthesis of other compounds. It can also be used as a reagent in research or as a speciality chemical. Alpha-Mating Factor acetate salt is soluble in water and most organic solvents, making it versatile in its applications.</p>

<p>2-Amino-4-bromocinnamic acid is a fine chemical with a CAS number of 914636-63-8. It is used in the synthesis of complex compounds and useful building blocks, as well as in research. This compound has been shown to be an intermediate for the preparation of derivatives with potential pharmaceutical applications, such as antihistamines, antipsychotics, and antibiotics. 2-Amino-4-bromocinnamic acid is also an important reagent for organic syntheses.</p>

<p>Vanillic acid methyl ester is a chemical compound that can be used as an antioxidant and antimicrobial agent. It is synthesized by the reaction of vanillin with methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. Vanillic acid methyl ester has been shown to have antioxidative properties and inhibit the activities of various enzymes, such as eugenol oxidase, lipid peroxidase, and cyclooxygenase-1. This product also has shown anti-inflammatory effects in animal models of bowel disease and coronary heart diseases. Vanillic acid methyl ester converts to benzoic acid when it is metabolized by cytochrome P450 2E1, which can then be conjugated with glutathione or glucuronic acid.</p>

<p>2-(4-Chloro-3-methylphenoxy)-2-methylpropanoic acid (mCPP) is a pharmaceutical agent with a molecular weight of 318. It is used as an antidepressant and to treat anxiety disorders. This compound is quantified by reaction monitoring and recovery, using acetonitrile, chromatographic and spectrometric analysis. Optimization of the parameters for this analytical method has been carried out by monitoring the effects of ammonium formate on high concentrations of mCPP. The liquid chromatography technique was used to identify and quantify mCPP in order to develop a robust analytical method that can be applied to clinically relevant samples.</p>

<p>(R)-3-Aminobutanoic acid is a β-amino acid that is involved in the biosynthesis of other amino acids. It has been shown to have inhibitory effects on lymphoblast cells and to be an intermediate in the synthesis of dioncophylline, a calcium-mobilizing agent. (R)-3-Aminobutanoic acid is also an intermediate in the formation of crotonic acid, which is involved in the synthesis of butyric acid. This compound has been shown to have catalytic activity with a variety of organic reactions because it can act as both a base and a nucleophile. The reaction system may be reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, or thin layer chromatography.</p>

<p>Phenyl acetate is a phenol compound that has been shown to inhibit the growth of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Phenyl acetate was found to be more potent than benzoate at inhibiting the growth of malignant brain cells. It also inhibits prostaglandin synthesis by binding with basic proteins, which prevents the release of prostaglandin J2. This activity suggests that phenyl acetate may be useful in treating cancer, as well as inflammatory disorders such as arthritis and asthma. The structural analysis of phenyl acetate reveals that it has an intermolecular hydrogen bond between two phenyl groups, which is responsible for its antifungal activity.</p>

<p>Cis-2-Amino-1-cyclohexane-carboxylic acid (ACCA) is a β-amino acid that binds to peptides and cyclohexane rings. ACCA has been shown to have high resistance against denaturation, which may be due to its ability to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules. It also has an analog, cis-2-(aminomethyl)cyclohexanol (CAMCH), which is used in the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections. ACCA can be found in glycopeptide antibiotics such as vancomycin and teicoplanin, which are used for the treatment of resistant bacteria including methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).</p>

<p>2-Amino-3-bromo-5-methylbenzoic acid is a fatty acid that belongs to the group of undescribed organic acids. It is found in soil as well as in organisms such as bacteria and fungi. The 2-Amino-3-bromo-5-methylbenzoic acid molecule has been shown to be an antibiotic, inhibiting the growth of bacterial strains belonging to the phyla Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. It may also be present in plants, where it is channeled out through the roots. This fatty acid also has nucleobase properties, which are essential for DNA replication.br&gt;br&gt;<br>span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;2 Amino 3 bromo 5 methyl benzoic acid (2ABMB) was first isolated from soil samples collected from a site near Beijing, China. It is one of many undescribed organic acids that are found</p>

<p>3-Phenyl-4-phthalazinone-1-acetic acid (3PPAA) is an organic compound that can be used to synthesize gold nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticles are ferroelectric and have a dipole moment. 3PPAA can be modeled using simulations with the panthera program, which is able to predict the effect of various parameters on the morphology of the particles. The shape of the gold nanoparticles can be controlled by changing the concentration of 3PPAA in water and by adding or removing a stabilizing agent such as sodium bicarbonate. 3PPAA has been shown to have a strong interaction with mitochondrial DNA, which could lead to death of cells by interfering with mitochondrial function.</p>

<p>tert-Butyl-4-(2-bromoethyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate is a white solid with a molecular weight of 215.07. It is soluble in organic solvents such as dichloromethane, ethanol, acetone and ether. The CAS number for this chemical is 169457-73-2. This product can be used as a reagent or complex compound to synthesize other fine chemicals, useful scaffolds and building blocks, speciality chemicals and research chemicals. It has many versatile uses due to its wide range of functional groups that are easily modified by various synthetic reactions.</p>

<p>2-Amino-3-chlorobenzoic acid is a chemical compound that is used as a reagent in the cross-coupling of organic compounds. 2-Amino-3-chlorobenzoic acid has been shown to inhibit the growth of cancer cells in the laboratory and has been used as a pesticide. This compound causes DNA methylation in bacteria, which may be due to its inhibition of methyltetrahydrofolate reductase. 2-Amino-3-chlorobenzoic acid is reactive and should be handled with care because it could cause burns on contact with skin. The carcinogenic potential of this compound has not been determined.</p>

<p>2-Chlorophenylacetic acid is a chemical compound that belongs to the group of phenylacetic acids. It is an intermediate in the synthesis of benzofuranone and other organic compounds. 2-Chlorophenylacetic acid reacts with hydroxyl groups on the surface of water molecules to form 2-chlorophenol, which can be used as a wastewater treatment agent. The chloride ion also has a strong affinity for fatty acids, so it has been used as a catalyst in the production of chlorinated fatty acids. This chemical also binds to 5-HT2A receptors in human liver cells, where it increases cellular levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP) and inhibits protein kinase A activity. The binding of 2-chlorophenylacetic acid to 5-HT2A receptors leads to increased gene expression in response to serotonin stimulation, which may be due to its ability to inhibit protein kinase A.</p>

<p>3-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid is a phenolic acid with antiinflammatory activity. It can be found in the leaves of the plant "Anacardium occidentale" or as an intermediate in the synthesis of protocatechuic acid, which is formed by oxidation of 3-hydroxycinnamic acid. 3-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid has been shown to inhibit bacterial growth and fungal infection in vitro. The compound also inhibits proinflammatory cytokine production by human monocytes and macrophages, which may be due to its hydroxyl group that can form hydrogen bonds with nucleophilic centers on proteins.<br>3-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid can be prepared through extraction from acetate (1g) containing pyridine (2mL) and acetone (2mL). The extract is incubated at 50°C for 20 minutes before being cooled. The</p>

<p>2-Methyl-2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propanoic acid is a high quality, reagent, complex compound, useful intermediate, and fine chemical. It can be used as a building block for the synthesis of many other compounds. It is also useful in research to study the mechanism of various reactions. 2-Methyl-2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propanoic acid is a versatile building block that can be used in many different types of reactions.</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about Racemic Fmoc-cis-3-phenyl-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>Cis-4-Chloro-3-nitrocinnamic acid is an aromatic organic compound with potential utility in biochemical research and synthesis. This compound is typically derived from synthetic chemical processes involving chlorination and nitration reactions on cinnamic acid derivatives. Its molecular structure, characterized by both chloro and nitro functional groups, allows it to interact in unique ways with various biochemical pathways and molecular frameworks.</p>

<p>Bis-Boc-amino-oxyacetic acid is an analog of goserelin acetate. It binds to the androgen receptor in prostate cancer cells, which leads to cytostatic effects. This drug has shown a low potency in human serum and does not bind to human serum proteins.<br>The uptake of Bis-Boc-amino-oxyacetic acid by prostate cancer cells was found to be significantly greater than that of goserelin acetate. The binding affinity of this drug for the androgen receptor is also lower than that of goserelin acetate, making it more selective for prostate cancer cells over other tissues.</p>

<p>Trithiocyanuric acid is an organic compound that has chemical stability and optimum concentration in the range of 0.2-0.4%. Trithiocyanuric acid is a monosodium salt, which can be formed by reacting sodium carbonate with cyanuric chloride or cyanuric acid. The structural analysis of trithiocyanuric acid shows that it has hydrogen bonding interactions with water molecules at the N-H and C-O bonds, which may explain its high solubility in water. Trithiocyanuric acid has been used to treat wastewater because it acts as a nitrogen-containing oxidant that facilitates the removal of dissolved organic matter and other chemicals. This process is aided by the formation of thiourea, which reacts with sulfur dioxide to form ammonium sulfate and urea. X-ray diffraction data from trithiocyanurate crystals show that it has two crystalline forms, one of which</p>

<p>3-(Methylamino)-3-oxopropanoic acid is a metabolite of nitroprusside. It is a potent inhibitor of the uptake of nitrates by cells, which causes cell lysis. 3-(Methylamino)-3-oxopropanoic acid has been shown to inhibit the uptake and transport chain of amino acids in the human metabolism. This results in an accumulation of metabolites that are toxic to cells and can lead to necrosis. 3-(Methylamino)-3-oxopropanoic acid is also a biocide with anti-inflammatory properties. It inhibits monoclonal antibody production by blocking protein synthesis and has been shown to be effective against tumor growth in animal models.</p>

<p>2,6-Dichlorocinnamic acid is an organic compound that is used as a reagent in the synthesis of other chemicals. 2,6-Dichlorocinnamic acid has been used as a component in the synthesis of various kinds of fine chemicals and useful building blocks. This chemical is also used as a speciality chemical and research chemical. 2,6-Dichlorocinnamic acid can be used as a versatile building block for the preparation of various compounds. It can be synthesized by heating cinnamic acid with chlorine gas and then reacting it with sodium hydroxide.</p>