Terpenoids

<p>Helenalin is a sesquiterpene lactone, which is a secondary metabolite derived from plants, specifically from the Arnica species. This compound is characterized by its molecular framework containing a cyclodecadiene ring along with an α-methylene-γ-lactone ring, conferring its biological activities. Helenalin exerts its effects primarily by inhibiting key transcription factors such as NF-κB and other molecules involved in critical signaling pathways. This mode of action results from its ability to form adducts with thiol groups of cysteine residues on these proteins, thus altering their activity and inhibiting inflammatory responses.</p>

<p>Pinifolic acid is a bioactive compound, which is derived from Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine), a species of pine native to Eurasia. This compound is extracted from the needles and bark of the tree, recognized for its rich content of polyphenolic compounds. The mode of action of pinifolic acid involves potent antioxidant activity, which is facilitated by its ability to scavenge free radicals and thereby reduce oxidative stress at the cellular level. The bioactive components are believed to interact with various biochemical pathways, potentially exerting anti-inflammatory and protective effects on various tissues.</p>

<p>Peppery aroma constituent of essential oil of Cyperus rotundus (nutgrass)</p>

<p>Beta-Hederin is a saponin, which is a type of soap-like compound, derived from the leaves of the ivy plant, Hedera helix. Saponins are glycosides characterized by their ability to form stable, soap-like foams in aqueous solutions. This particular compound is notable for its amphiphilic nature, allowing it to interact with biological membranes.</p>

<p>Esculentoside H is a naturally occurring triterpenoid saponin, which is derived from the plant Phytolacca esculenta, commonly known as the pokeweed. This compound has garnered significant interest due to its unique mode of action as an anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory agent. By modulating cellular signaling pathways, Esculentoside H can inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and suppress the activation of NF-kB, a key transcription factor involved in inflammatory responses.</p>

<p>8,11,13-Totaratrien-13-ol is a sesquiterpene alcohol, which is a bioactive compound derived from the heartwood of Thuja plicata, commonly known as western red cedar. This source is renowned for its complex mixture of organic compounds, which contribute to the wood's natural resistance to decay and pests.</p>

<p>Gibberellic acid methyl ester is a specialized plant growth regulator, which is synthetically derived from the naturally occurring gibberellins found in plants. These gibberellins are vital phytohormones that regulate various aspects of growth and development in higher plants. Gibberellic acid methyl ester functions by mimicking these natural gibberellins, interacting with plant cellular processes to stimulate and enhance growth. Its mode of action involves promoting cell elongation, division, and differentiation, thereby accelerating plant growth and influencing the lifecycle.</p>

<p>Prosaikogenin D is a type of saponin, which is a secondary metabolite derived primarily from the plant species within the Araliaceae family, notably ginseng and related plants. This compound is a result of bioconversion processes involving ginsenosides, which are the primary active components found in ginseng. The mode of action of Prosaikogenin D involves its interaction with various cellular pathways, leading to modulation of immune responses, anti-inflammatory effects, and potential anticancer activity.</p>

<p>(-)-trans-Myrtanol is a type of monoterpenoid, classified as a terpene alcohol. It is primarily derived from essential oils found in various plants, including those in the coniferous and Lauraceae families. Myrtanol is a chiral compound, and its stereochemistry is vital for its biological activities.</p>

<p>Dehydroandrographolide succinate is a pharmacological agent derived from the diterpenoid lactone, andrographolide, which is found in the plant *Andrographis paniculata*. This compound exhibits its mode of action primarily by modulating inflammatory pathways, including inhibition of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and the reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These actions contribute to its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties.</p>

<p>Primary component found in carrot seed oil</p>

<p>Pseudolaric Acid C is a naturally occurring diterpenoid, which is extracted from the plant Pseudolarix amabilis, commonly known as the golden larch. It is characterized by its unique structural properties, contributing to its biological activity. The primary mode of action of Pseudolaric Acid C involves disrupting the integrity of fungal cell membranes, thereby inhibiting fungal growth and viability. This compound has been shown to have significant antifungal properties, making it a subject of interest in the development of antifungal agents.</p>

<p>Fraxinellone is a naturally occurring sesquiterpenoid lactone, which is derived from the plant species Dictamnus dasycarpus, commonly known as the burning bush. It exhibits its mode of action through the disruption of calcium ion channels, leading to neurotoxic effects in target organisms. This interaction with calcium channel pathways is crucial for its bioactivity, influencing both insecticidal and potential therapeutic effects.</p>

<p>20(R)-Ginsenoside Rh1 is a bioactive compound, which is a secondary metabolite extracted from Panax ginseng, a medicinal plant widely utilized in traditional medicine. This ginsenoside functions by modulating various cellular pathways, interacting with nuclear receptors and signal transduction molecules, thus influencing immune responses, anti-inflammatory activities, and neuroprotective mechanisms.</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about Pyrocurzerenone including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>Darutoside is a bioactive compound, which is a sesquiterpene lactone glycoside sourced primarily from the Siegesbeckia orientalis plant. It functions through a mechanism that enhances extracellular matrix components, particularly promoting the synthesis of collagen and elastin fibers. This action helps in reinforcing the skin's structural integrity and improving its reparative processes.</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about Neosartoricin including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>Notoginsenoside Fa is a bioactive compound, specifically a type of saponin. It is derived from the roots of Panax notoginseng, a plant renowned in traditional Chinese medicine. The mode of action of Notoginsenoside Fa involves modulation of signaling pathways, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities, as well as influencing cellular pathways related to energy metabolism and cell proliferation.</p>

<p>Illudin M is a natural compound, categorized as a sesquiterpene. It is derived from certain species of mushrooms, notably those in the Omphalotus genus, such as the jack-o'-lantern mushroom (Omphalotus illudens). The mode of action of Illudin M involves targeting and damaging DNA within cells. Due to its cytotoxic nature, it interferes with DNA synthesis, leading to cell death, particularly in rapidly dividing cells.</p>

<p>Incensole acetate is a bioactive diterpene compound, which is a significant constituent of the Boswellia genus, commonly known as frankincense. This compound is primarily derived from the resin of Boswellia species, notably Boswellia sacra. Incensole acetate functions as a psychoactive agent, exhibiting its effects primarily through interactions with ion channels and receptors in the brain, modulating neuroinflammation and possibly influencing synaptic transmission.</p>

<p>Lanatoside A is a cardiac glycoside found in the plant "Lantana camara" and other plants of the family Verbenaceae. Lanatoside A is structurally characterized by an oxygenated hydroxyl group at C-3, which is present in the natural compound secoisolariciresinol. It has been shown to have inhibitory effects on enzymes involved in congestive heart failure such as myosin light chain kinase and serine/threonine protein kinase. Lanatoside A also has been shown to have immunomodulatory properties and may be beneficial for autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. The enzyme activities are inhibited by lanatosides at low pH values (pH 5-6) but not at high pH values (pH 7-8).</p>

<p>Prosaikogenin H is a naturally occurring compound, classified as a saponin, which is derived from specific plant sources, particularly within the family Araliaceae. It is obtained through extraction and purification processes from plants known for their bioactive compounds. The mode of action of prosaikogenin H involves interacting with cellular pathways to modulate biological responses, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. These interactions are facilitated by its structural properties that enable it to engage with cell membranes and influence signaling cascades.</p>

<p>Jasminoside N is a natural compound, specifically a glycoside, which is derived from certain plant species, particularly in the genus *Jasminum*. As a natural metabolite found in these species, it exhibits an interesting profile in pharmacological research. The mode of action of Jasminoside N primarily involves its interaction with specific cellular pathways, often influencing anti-inflammatory and antioxidant responses. Its ability to modulate these pathways makes it a subject of interest in the study of plant-based therapeutic agents.</p>

<p>Pseudolaric acid B-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside is a secondary metabolite, which is a bioactive compound sourced from the bark of the Pseudolarix amabilis, a coniferous tree native to China. It exhibits its mode of action primarily through the disruption of fungal cell integrity and inhibition of fungal growth by interfering with the synthesis of key structural components in the cell wall. This action makes it a potent antifungal agent with secondary antibacterial properties.</p>

<p>Pseudoginsenoside RT5 is a saponin, which is a type of glycoside found in certain plants, particularly in the Panax ginseng species. It is extracted from the root of this traditional medicinal plant, which is well-known for its therapeutic properties. The mode of action of Pseudoginsenoside RT5 involves modulating various cellular pathways, including the inhibition of certain enzymes and receptors involved in disease processes such as inflammation and cell proliferation. This compound is also implicated in antioxidant activities, which further contribute to its potential therapeutic effects.</p>

<p>Saikosaponin B1 is a triterpenoid saponin, which is primarily derived from the roots of Bupleurum species, particularly Bupleurum falcatum. This bioactive compound exhibits a plethora of pharmacological activities through various modes of action, including modulation of immune responses and inhibition of inflammatory pathways. It interacts with cellular components to influence signal transduction mechanisms that are crucial in the pathophysiology of various diseases.</p>

<p>Gypenoside Li is a phytochemical compound, which is derived from the plant Gynostemma pentaphyllum, commonly known as Jiaogulan. It functions primarily through modulating various biological pathways, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms, making it of significant interest for therapeutic research.</p>

<p>Sabinene hydrate is a bicyclic monoterpene alcohol, which is a naturally occurring compound found in essential oils of various plants, especially in species such as Juniperus and Myristica. This compound is derived from the oxidation of sabinene, a terpene prevalent in numerous aromatic plants.</p>

<p>Lucidenic acid P is a triterpenoid compound, which is a bioactive metabolite isolated from Ganoderma lucidum, a medicinal mushroom known for its diverse pharmacological properties. It is primarily sourced from the fruiting bodies of this fungus, where it is present as part of a complex mixture of triterpenoids.</p>

<p>Lanatoside B is a cardiac glycoside, which is a type of compound obtained from the leaves of the Digitalis lanata plant, commonly known as woolly foxglove. This compound belongs to a class of organic substances known for their potent effects on the heart's contractile capability. The primary mode of action of Lanatoside B involves inhibiting the sodium-potassium ATPase enzyme in cardiac tissues. This inhibition leads to an increase in intracellular sodium concentration, which subsequently boosts calcium ions available for myocardial contraction via the sodium-calcium exchange mechanism.</p>

<p>Cycloartanol is a triterpenoid alcohol, which is primarily derived from plant sources, particularly from the cell membranes of various plant species. As a phytosterol, it plays a critical role in the stabilization of cell membranes and serves as a precursor in the biosynthesis of more complex steroidal compounds. The mode of action of cycloartanol involves its integration into lipid bilayers, contributing to membrane fluidity and integrity, and potentially interacting with various biochemical pathways within the plant systems.</p>

<p>Valerenic acid is a bioactive compound, which is a sesquiterpenoid product of Valeriana officinalis, commonly known as valerian. This perennial flowering plant is native to Europe and parts of Asia and has been employed in traditional medicine for centuries. Valerenic acid is primarily extracted from the root, which is known for its distinctive aroma and therapeutic properties.</p>

<p>Methyl lucidenate D2 is a triterpenoid compound, which is a derivative isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum, a widely studied medicinal mushroom. This compound exhibits activity primarily through its ability to modulate various signaling pathways implicated in cancer cell proliferation and survival. Specifically, it has been observed to interfere with tumor growth by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in several cancer cell lines.</p>

<p>trans-Hydroxydavanone is a naturally occurring compound, which is a sesquiterpenoid ketone derived from the Artemisia species. It is characterized by its unique molecular structure that includes a hydroxyl group, contributing to its distinctive biochemical properties. The source of trans-Hydroxydavanone lies primarily in various species of the Artemisia plant, which are known for their diverse range of secondary metabolites.</p>

<p>Sapindoside A is a bioactive saponin, which is a glycoside compound. It is derived from the fruit pericarp of Sapindus species, commonly known as soapberries or soapnuts. These are traditionally utilized for their natural surfactant properties due to the presence of saponins, which form stable foams when agitated in water.</p>

<p>Isoescin IB is a saponin compound derived from the seeds of Aesculus hippocastanum, commonly known as horse chestnut. It belongs to a class of natural products known for their potential therapeutic properties. The source of Isoescin IB, the horse chestnut tree, is widely studied for its bioactive compounds that have been used in traditional medicine.</p>

<p>Verbenone is a semiochemical product, which is a terpene compound sourced from the fragrant essential oils of certain plants, such as members of the Verbena genus. It acts as an anti-aggregation pheromone that disrupts the behavior of specific insect species. By mimicking natural signals in the environment, Verbenone inhibits the congregation and settling of pests like bark beetles.</p>

<p>Isolimonene is a monoterpene, which is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon found primarily in citrus oils extracted from the rinds of fruits such as lemons, oranges, and grapefruits. As a compound derived from the secondary metabolites of plants, it is intricately involved in the plant's defense mechanisms.</p>

<p>Triterpene saponin</p>

<p>(+)-Cembrene is a diterpene hydrocarbon, which is a naturally occurring compound primarily found in marine organisms such as soft corals. This compound is characterized by its complex cyclic structure, which is a hallmark of many terpenoids known for diverse biological activities. The source of (+)-Cembrene is often the soft coral species, where it functions as a part of the organism's chemical defense system, deterring predators and inhibiting microbial growth.</p>

<p>(-)-trans-Pinocarveol is a bicyclic monoterpene alcohol, which occurs naturally in a variety of essential oils, typically extracted from coniferous trees and some aromatic plants. As a chiral compound, it features a unique molecular configuration, often isolated from the Pinaceae family or synthesized via dihydroxylation of pinene derivatives.</p>

<p>Demethoxydeacetoxypseudolaric acid B is a potent bioactive compound, which is a natural diterpenoid isolated from the plant Pseudolarix amabilis, also known as the golden larch. This compound is part of a class of structurally intricate molecules characterized by their tricyclic diterpenoid structures, specific to this botanical source. The mode of action of demethoxydeacetoxypseudolaric acid B primarily involves the disruption of microtubule assembly, a mechanism critical for its antifungal activity. By interfering with the polymerization of tubulin proteins, it effectively hinders cellular functions dependent on the microtubule network, leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in susceptible fungal cells.</p>

<p>Cinnamodial is a naturally occurring compound classified as a sesquiterpene dialdehyde, which is isolated from cinnamon oil, derived primarily from the bark of the Cinnamomum tree. Its primary mode of action involves disrupting cellular integrity through binding with fungal cell membranes, leading to increased permeability and ultimately cell death. This mechanism highlights its potential as an effective antifungal agent.</p>

<p>Cedrodorin is a natural insecticidal compound extracted from the wood of Cedrela tonduzii, a species native to Central America. This compound functions by disrupting the feeding behavior of herbivorous insects, effectively reducing their ability to cause damage to plants. Cedrodorin’s mode of action involves interference with the neural pathways that regulate feeding, leading to reduced ingestion and eventual starvation of the pests.</p>

<p>Pseudolaric acid A beta-D-glucoside is a bioactive compound, which is a natural product derived from Pseudolarix amabilis, a species of tree native to certain regions of China. It belongs to the diterpenoid family, known for their diverse structural features and significant biological activities. This compound exhibits its mode of action primarily through interactions with cellular pathways, modulating specific enzymatic activities and receptor responses, which can lead to varying effects at the cellular and molecular levels.</p>

<p>Gibberellic Acid Acetoxymethyl Ester is a plant growth regulator, derived from the gibberellin family of diterpenoid acids, which is synthesized through microbiological processes involving certain fungal species like *Gibberella fujikuroi*. It acts by mimicking endogenous gibberellins, which are natural plant hormones that regulate various developmental processes. Upon application, it binds to specific receptors in plant cells, triggering a cascade of gene expressions that promote cell elongation, division, and differentiation.</p>

<p>Desmethylfrutescin is a bioactive compound, which is a secondary metabolite isolated from the plant Argyranthemum frutescens, commonly known as Marguerite. This compound is derived from the chemical constituents of the plant, which has long been studied for its various biological activities.</p>

<p>20(R)Ginsenoside Rg2 is a bioactive compound, specifically a saponin, derived from Panax ginseng, a perennial plant in the Araliaceae family. This compound is one of the ginsenosides, which are the primary active constituents responsible for ginseng's pharmacological properties. Its mode of action involves modulation of cellular signaling pathways and neurotransmitter regulation, which contributes to its neuroprotective and cognitive enhancing effects.</p>

<p>Ginsenoside F3 is a bioactive compound, specifically a saponin, which is extracted from the roots of Panax ginseng, a perennial plant widely studied for its medicinal properties. This compound is of significant interest in the field of pharmacology due to its multifaceted mode of action at the cellular level. Ginsenoside F3 is known to modulate various signaling pathways, including those involved in immune response, apoptosis, and anti-inflammatory processes. Its ability to interact with cellular receptors and enzymes makes it a potent candidate for therapeutic applications.</p>

<p>Prosaikogenin G is a saponin derivative, which is a bioactive compound commonly found in medicinal plants, traditionally used in Eastern medicine. Saponins are naturally occurring glycosides, and they have a wide range of biological activities due to their amphiphilic nature. Prosaikogenin G is specifically sourced from Bupleurum species, a well-known genus in herbal medicine. These compounds have been extensively studied for their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects.</p>

<p>Congmunoside V is a triterpenoid saponin, which is a bioactive compound isolated from the plant Gynostemma pentaphyllum, also known as Jiaogulan. This plant is traditionally recognized in herbal medicine and is a member of the Cucurbitaceae family, primarily found in East Asia. Triterpenoid saponins are a class of chemical compounds composed of a sapogenin (triterpene) attached to sugar moieties, which confer a variety of biological activities.</p>

<p>Illudin S is a sesquiterpene toxin, which is a naturally occurring compound isolated from several species of fungi belonging to the genus Omphalotus, such as Omphalotus olearius, commonly known as the Jack-o'-lantern mushroom. Its mode of action involves alkylating DNA, which leads to DNA cross-linking and subsequent inhibition of DNA synthesis. This mechanism renders it highly cytotoxic, as it can induce cell death by disrupting normal cellular replication processes.</p>

<p>Juvenile hormone I is a sesquiterpenoid hormone, which is an endogenous regulatory compound found in insects. Its source is primarily the corpora allata, a pair of endocrine glands associated with the insect brain. Juvenile hormone I functions by modulating the expression of specific genes involved in development, metamorphosis, and reproduction, acting through a receptor-mediated mechanism that influences the transcriptional activity of target genes.</p>

<p>alpha-Selinine is a sesquiterpene compound, which is a naturally occurring organic molecule. It is extracted primarily from the essential oils of certain plant species, such as those within the Apiaceae family, including celery and parsley. The compound’s mode of action involves interactions at the molecular level with cellular targets, which can influence a range of biological pathways. Studies suggest that alpha-Selinine may exhibit various bioactivities, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects, by modulating enzyme activity and cell signaling pathways.</p>

<p>Flavour and scent of grapefruit</p>

<p>Tagitinin A is a naturally occurring sesquiterpene lactone, which is derived from the plant *Tithonia diversifolia*. This compound is known for its potential therapeutic properties, particularly in the field of oncology. As a sesquiterpene lactone, Tagitinin A is part of a larger class of secondary metabolites found in various plant species, which often exhibit diverse biological activities.</p>

<p>Prosaikogenin F is a saponin derivative, which is a bioactive compound typically derived from ginseng or related plants within the Araliaceae family. These sources are renowned for their complex saponins, known as ginsenosides, which play significant roles in traditional medicine and modern pharmacology.</p>

<p>Escin Ib is a natural saponin glycoside, which is derived from the seeds of Aesculus hippocastanum, commonly known as horse chestnut. Its mode of action involves inhibiting the enzyme hyaluronidase, thereby reducing capillary permeability and effectively controlling edema and inflammation. Additionally, it acts by stabilizing lysosomal membranes, further contributing to its anti-inflammatory effects.</p>

<p>8(17)13-Labdadiene-15,18-diol is a diterpenoid compound, which is derived from the hybrid plant Xcupressocyparis leylandii, commonly known as Leyland cypress. This compound belongs to the labdane-type diterpenes, which are known for their diverse biological activities. The source, Xcupressocyparis leylandii, is a fast-growing evergreen tree often used in horticulture.</p>

<p>8(17)13-Labdadien-15-ol is a sesquiterpene alcohol, which is a bioactive compound originating from the oleoresin of Pinus halepensis, commonly known as the Aleppo pine. This compound is naturally produced in the pine’s resin and plays a critical role in the plant's defense mechanisms against pathogens and herbivores. Its mode of action involves disrupting the cell membranes of these invaders, ultimately impeding their growth and survival.</p>

<p>Escin IA is a potent anti-inflammatory agent, which is a natural compound extracted from the seeds of the horse chestnut tree (Aesculus hippocastanum). This triterpenoid saponin operates by enhancing blood circulation and reducing capillary permeability through the stabilization of endothelial barriers. Additionally, it exhibits anti-edematous and venotonic activities by modifying vascular wall integrity and decreasing inflammatory mediators. Escin IA is widely utilized in biomedical research for its therapeutic potential in the management of chronic venous insufficiency, edema, and associated conditions. Its unique mechanism of action provides an intriguing area of study for scientists exploring vascular health, anti-inflammatory strategies, and natural therapeutic compounds. The ongoing research continues to validate its efficacy and explore broader applications in vascular and inflammatory disorders.</p>

<p>Tagitinin F is a sesquiterpene lactone, which is an organic compound derived from the aerial parts of the plant *Tithonia diversifolia*, commonly known as the Mexican sunflower. This plant-based compound functions through a mechanism that involves modulation of various cellular pathways, notably those related to inflammation and cancer progression, by interacting with cellular proteins and inhibiting key signaling molecules.</p>

<p>Geniposide is a natural iridoid glycoside, which is found in the fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, a plant commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. As a prominent secondary metabolite, geniposide plays a critical role in various biological pathways. It undergoes enzymatic hydrolysis to genipin, which is believed to be the active component responsible for many of its biological effects.</p>

<p>Glycyrrhetic acid 3-O-b-D-glucuronide is a bioactive compound derived from the root of the licorice plant (Glycyrrhiza glabra). Licorice has been used for centuries in traditional medicine, and this compound is one of its active components. The compound functions by modulating inflammatory pathways, primarily through inhibiting enzymes like cyclooxygenase and phospholipase A2, which play key roles in the inflammatory response. In addition, it exhibits effects on glucocorticoid metabolism, enhancing the activity of endogenous glucocorticoids and subsequently leading to anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating effects.</p>

<p>Nerolidol (cis/trans) is a naturally occurring sesquiterpene alcohol, which is typically sourced from essential oils of several aromatic plants, including lavender, jasmine, and tea tree. Its chemical structure includes two isomers: cis and trans, which differ in the spatial arrangement of their atoms, influencing their olfactory and biological activities.</p>

<p>Xylopic acid is a bioactive compound, which is a diterpenoid isolated from the plant species Xylopia aethiopica. This compound is derived primarily from the fruits of the plant, often referred to as the African pepper or grains of Selim. Xylopic acid exhibits its mode of action by interacting with various biological pathways, including anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial processes, as well as modulating specific cellular receptors and enzymatic activities.</p>

<p>Gypenoside L is a saponin compound, which is a secondary metabolite derived from the plant Gynostemma pentaphyllum. This herbaceous plant, commonly known as Jiaogulan, is native to South China and other parts of Asia, where it has been traditionally used in herbal medicine. The mode of action of Gypenoside L involves modulating various biochemical pathways, potentially influencing cellular signaling and metabolic processes. It is known for its role in activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways, enhancing cellular energy homeostasis, and exhibiting antioxidant properties.</p>

<p>Triterpenoid saponin with anti-tumour and antiangiogenic activity</p>

<p>Danshenxinkun A is a herbal compound, which is derived from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza, commonly known as Danshen. This product utilizes the bioactive constituents of the plant, primarily focusing on its polyphenolic compounds. The mode of action involves modulating various biological pathways, including antioxidant activity, vasodilation, and anti-inflammatory responses, which contribute to enhanced cardiovascular function.</p>

<p>Carvacrol is a monoterpenoid phenol, which is primarily derived from essential oils of various aromatic plants, notably oregano (Origanum vulgare) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris). It exhibits potent antimicrobial activity by disrupting microbial cell membranes, leading to leakage of cellular contents and ultimately, cell death. Carvacrol's mechanism also includes inhibition of biofilm formation and interference with quorum sensing pathways in bacteria, enhancing its therapeutic potential.</p>

<p>7-Hydroxy-4-amophen-3-one is a naturally occurring compound, which is extracted from Artemisia arborescens, commonly known as Southernwood. This compound is obtained through specialized extraction methodologies that preserve its active properties. As a member of the flavonoid family, it exhibits potential bioactive properties that are of particular interest in pharmacological research.</p>

<p>gamma-Terpinene is a monocyclic monoterpene hydrocarbon, which is a constituent of various essential oils derived from numerous plant sources, notably from species such as tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia), cumin (Cuminum cyminum), and other aromatic herbs. It acts primarily through its antioxidant activity, effectively scavenging free radicals, and contributes to the overall aroma profile of essential oils.</p>

<p>Cymarin is a cardiac glycoside, which is a class of organic compounds commonly derived from certain plant species, notably within the family Apocynaceae. It is extracted primarily from the plant *Apocynum cannabinum* and related species. Cymarin functions by inhibiting the sodium-potassium ATPase pump on cellular membranes. This inhibition leads to an increase in intracellular sodium levels, which in turn affects calcium exchange and enhances cardiac muscle contraction. This mode of action makes it a potent inotropic agent.</p>

<p>Eupalinolide K is a sesquiterpene lactone, which is a type of naturally occurring compound. This compound is sourced primarily from Eupatorium lindleyanum, a plant known for its medicinal properties and commonly found in certain regions of Asia. Eupalinolide K functions by inhibiting specific pathways within the inflammatory response at the molecular level. This action is believed to involve modulation of NF-κB signaling, a critical regulator of immune and inflammatory responses.</p>

<p>Notoginsenoside Fe is a bioactive saponin, which is a natural compound sourced from the roots of the Panax notoginseng plant, commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. This compound is part of the ginsenoside family and is known for its diverse pharmacological properties. As a saponin, Notoginsenoside Fe operates by modulating various biological pathways, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, which contribute to its therapeutic potential.</p>

<p>Rac-lavandulol is a monoterpenoid alcohol, which is a racemic mixture of two enantiomers derived synthetically or biosynthetically. It originates from natural plant sources, particularly from the essential oils of certain aromatic herbs like lavender (Lavandula spp.). Possessing a unique odorous quality, rac-lavandulol interacts with olfactory receptors, influencing sensory perception and offering potential therapeutic benefits.</p>

<p>Euglobal IA1 is a topical anesthetic cream designed to provide localized numbness. It is developed using synthesized active compounds that interact with nerve endings. The mode of action involves the reversible blockage of sodium ion channels in neuronal membranes, which inhibits nerve impulse transmission and results in temporary loss of sensation in the applied area.</p>

<p>8(17)14-Labdadien-13-ol is a labdane diterpenoid, a specific type of terpenoid compound. It is derived from the Sitka spruce, scientifically known as Picea sitchensis. This compound is notable for its antifungal properties, making it a focal point in studies examining natural plant defense mechanisms. The mode of action involves the inhibition of fungal growth by disrupting fungal cell membranes or interfering with essential fungal enzyme systems, although the precise mechanisms may vary with different fungal targets.</p>

<p>Phyllanthostatin 2 is a bioactive compound, classified as a lignan, which is isolated from the plant Phyllanthus acuminatus. This compound is part of a broader group of naturally occurring phytochemicals known for exhibiting various biological activities. The primary source of Phyllanthostatin 2, Phyllanthus acuminatus, is a plant found in tropical regions and is traditionally used in herbal medicine.</p>

<p>Isolated from leaves of some peppers; potent and selective activator of TRPA1</p>

<p>Isoalloalantolactone is a sesquiterpene lactone, which is a type of naturally occurring organic compound. It is derived from the roots of Inula helenium, commonly known as elecampane. This plant source is known for its historical use in traditional medicine, often utilized for its purported health benefits.</p>

<p>Aristolone is a sesquiterpene lactone, which is a type of naturally occurring organic compound. It is derived from various plant sources, predominantly from the Aristolochiaceae family. The compound exhibits its mode of action primarily through the interaction with cellular signaling pathways, influencing biological processes such as inflammation and apoptosis.</p>

<p>Edunol is a synthetic compound primarily utilized in neurochemical research. It is derived through complex organic synthesis processes, enabling the precise manipulation of molecular structures to target specific pathways in neural systems. Edunol operates by interacting with neurotransmitter receptors, modulating the activity of neural circuits, and providing insights into neuronal communication and neuromodulation.</p>

<p>β-Aescin is a saponin glycoside, which is derived from the seeds of the horse chestnut tree (Aesculus hippocastanum). It acts primarily through anti-inflammatory mechanisms and improves vascular permeability. By inhibiting enzymes such as hyaluronidase and elastase, β-Aescin reduces the breakdown of glycosaminoglycans and supports capillary integrity. This results in decreased edema and improved venous tone, making it beneficial in reducing symptoms associated with chronic venous insufficiency.</p>

<p>Oleuroside is a bioactive compound classified as a secoiridoid, which is derived from the leaves of the olive tree (Olea europaea). The source of oleuroside, the olive leaf, is rich in polyphenolic compounds, among which oleuropein is prominent and hydrolyzes to form oleuroside. The mode of action of oleuroside is primarily based on its antioxidant properties. It scavenges free radicals, thereby mitigating oxidative stress and protecting cells from damage. This mechanism is crucial in modulating inflammatory pathways, contributing to its potential therapeutic effects.</p>

<p>Acetylharpagide is a bioactive iridoid glycoside, which is derived primarily from the plant *Harpagophytum procumbens*, commonly known as Devil's Claw. This compound is typically extracted from the root and tuber parts of the plant using various solvent extraction methods, followed by purification processes to isolate the active ingredient.</p>

<p>Lucidumol A is a triterpenoid compound, which is isolated from the medicinal mushroom *Ganoderma lucidum*. This compound is notable for its ability to modulate multiple biological pathways, primarily through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. By inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species, Lucidumol A exerts protective effects at the cellular level, reducing oxidative stress and modulating immune responses.Lucidumol A has piqued the interest of researchers due to its potential therapeutic applications. It is studied for its role in alleviating conditions associated with chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, which are common in various degenerative diseases. The compound’s ability to modulate immune function and prevent cellular damage positions it as a candidate for further investigation in both clinical and preclinical settings. Its natural origin and bioactivity provide a promising avenue for developing novel therapeutic agents derived from traditional medicine sources, emphasizing the intersection of natural products and modern pharmacology.</p>

<p>Peppery aroma constituent of essential oil of Cyperus rotundus (nutgrass)</p>

<p>Homoarbutin is a skin-brightening agent, which is sourced from certain plant species known for their medicinal properties. It operates through the inhibition of tyrosinase, an enzyme critical in the biosynthetic pathway of melanin production. By effectively reducing melanin synthesis, Homoarbutin helps mitigate hyperpigmentation and provides a more even skin tone.</p>

<p>Isoasiaticoside is a triterpenoid saponin, which is a bioactive compound derived from the plant *Centella asiatica*. This compound is known for its mode of action that involves modulating collagen synthesis and promoting fibroblast proliferation. It plays a significant role in enhancing wound healing and improving the structural integrity of the skin matrix by increasing the production of Type I collagen.</p>

<p>Muzigadial is a sesquiterpene dialdehyde, which is a type of natural product isolated from the plant Myristica ceylanica. This compound is characterized by its biogenically derived structural complexity that confers an array of bioactive properties. It operates primarily through its interaction with biological membranes and proteins, leading to disruptions in cellular processes and inhibition of microbial growth.</p>