Apoptosis

RIPK1-IN-10 is a potent inhibitor of RIPK1.

HDAC/JAK/BRD4-IN-1 (compound 25ap) is a potent triple inhibitor targeting HDAC, JAK, and BRD4.

Zn(BQTC) inhibits mtDNA and nDNA, damages mitochondria/nuclei, triggers apoptosis, and targets A549R cancer cells.

PD-1/PD-L1-IN-22 is a small molecule inhibitor of PD-1/PD-L1 protein-protein interactions that blocks PD-1/PD-L1 interactions (IC50: 0.732 μM).

SW IV-52 is an XIAP-inhibitor that acts as a second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (SMAC) mimetic.

1-Stearoyl-2-Adrenoyl-sn-glycero-3-PC (PC(18:0/22:4)) acts as a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, promoting apoptosis and restricting the proliferation of various cancer cell lines [1].

Bcl-2-IN-13 is a potent inhibitor of Bcl-2, exhibiting an IC50 of 17 nM, and holds potential for use in cancer research [1].

Mcl-1 Inhibitor 13 (Example 9), with a Ki of 8.2 nM, serves as an MCL-1 inhibitor suitable for cancer research [1].

SM-1295: IAP antagonist, Kd 3077 nM XIAP-BIR3, 3.2 nM c-IAP1-BIR3, 9.5 nM c-IAP2-BIR3.

Immuno modulator-1 (compound 22) effectively suppresses the secretion of TNFα and IL-2 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMC) with IC50 values of 4

CDKI-83, a potent CDK9 inhibitor, inhibits tumor growth with GI50 <1μM and triggers apoptosis in A2780 cells, showing promise as an anti-cancer agent.

Protein kinase D (PKD), a serine/threonine protein kinase activated by diacylglycerol downstream of PKC signaling, has three human isoforms that modulate cell proliferation, survival, invasion, and protein transport. CRT0066101 acts as an inhibitor of these three PKD isoforms, with IC50 values of 1, 2.5, and 2 nM for PKD1, PKD2, and PKD3, respectively. It demonstrates selectivity for PKD over a range of more than 90 protein kinases, including PKCα, PKBα, MEK, ERK, c-Raf, c-Src, and c-Abl. This specificity allows CRT0066101 to inhibit cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, and notably reduce the viability of pancreatic cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo.

LY303511, a structural analog of LY294002, selectively inhibits mTOR-dependent phosphorylation of S6K, unlike its counterpart, which acts as a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor. It effectively reduces cell proliferation in human lung epithelial adenocarcinoma cells by hindering G2/M phase progression and suppressing casein kinase 2 activity. Additionally, LY303511 enhances tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) sensitivity in HeLa cells resistant to TRAIL-induced apoptosis and blocks voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels.

10-OAHSA is a newly discovered endogenous lipid categorized within the group of branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs). This specific FAHFA comprises oleic acid esterified to 10-hydroxy stearic acid. It stands out among its FAHFA counterparts for its potential bioactive properties, similar to other members of its family such as PAHSAs, which are notably prevalent in the adipose tissue of AG4OX mice exhibiting glucose tolerance due to overexpression of the Glut4 glucose transporter specifically in adipose tissue. Like other FAHFAs, 10-OAHSA may play significant roles in enhancing glucose tolerance, stimulating insulin secretion, and exerting anti-inflammatory effects, which suggests its importance in managing metabolic syndrome and inflammation.

viFSP1, a species-independent FSP1 inhibitor, effectively induces ferroptosis in FSP1-dependent cells by targeting the highly conserved NAD(P)H binding pocket of FSP1, directly inhibiting its activity. This action results in lipid peroxidation and exhibits anticancer activity [1].

BET-IN-20 (compound 10), a BRD4 BD1 inhibitor (IC 50 =1.9 nM), exhibits significant anticancer properties. It promotes apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells and arrests the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase. Additionally, BET-IN-20 inhibits both c-Myc and CDK6, and enhances PARP cleavage [1].

Cu(II)-Elesclomol is a complex formed by the anticancer agent Elesclomol and Cu(II), which has anticancer activity and can be used in the study of leukemia.

BMS-561392 (DPC333) is a tumor necrosis factor-α ( TNF-α) Invertase inhibitor.

Deoxynybomycin, a selective anti-tumor agent, inhibits topoisomerase I and induces apoptosis.

Atiprimod Dimaleate is a JAK2 inhibitor.

USP7-IN-3 is a potent and selective allosteric inhibitor of ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7).

Siremadlin R Enantiomer is the R enantiomer of Siremadlin. Siremadlin is a potent and highly specific inhibitor of MDM-2/p53.

Nedometinib (NFX-179) is a MEK1 inhibitor with anticancer and antitumor activities, which can be used to study malignant tumors.

PARP-1-IN-3 is a potent PARP-1 inhibitor that inhibits PARP-1 and PARP-2 with IC50 values of 0.25 nM and 2.34 nM, respectively.PARP-1-IN-3 has potential anti-

Z-YVAD-CMK is an inhibitor of both caspase-1 and caspase-3, as referenced in [1].

CHM-1 is an inducer of apoptosis, and displays potent antitumor ability in human hepatocellular carcinoma by activation of Cdc2 kinase activity.

2-O-methyl PAF C-16 is a synthetic analog of platelet-activating factor (PAF) featuring a methyl group attached via an ether linkage at the sn-2 position. While the specific biological activities of 2-O-methyl PAF C-16 remain undercharacterized, studies with its C-18 counterpart have demonstrated its ability to modulate various biological processes. These processes include reducing plasma membrane fluidity and hindering the invasiveness of tumor cells in embryonic chick hearts. Furthermore, in rat astrocytes, the C-18 analog prompts the release of significant amounts of nitric oxide (NO) through a mechanism that involves the activation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS).

CR6086: potent EP4 antagonist with DMARD effects, low Ki (16.6 nM), and specific anti-inflammatory action.

TBTDC serves as a multifunctional organic photosensitizer exhibiting aggregation-induced emission characteristics, optimal for in vivo bioimaging and

UNC3474, a small molecule ligand, selectively interacts with the aromatic methyl-lysine binding cage of the tumor protein 53BP1 Tudor domain (TT), exhibiting a

GW405833 hydrochloride, a potent and selective agonist of the cannabinoid-2 (CB2) receptor (EC 50 = 0.65 nM; maximum inhibition = 44.6%), exhibits significant antihyperalgesic effects in various rodent pain models [1] [2] [3].

ER Proteostasis Regulator-1 (Compound 481) is a potent modulator of endoplasmic reticulum proteostasis with research applications in Alzheimer's disease and

Imidodicarbonimidic diamide hydrochloride, a phototoxic compound with anti-proliferative properties.

C6 Phytoceramide (t18:0/6:0) is a lipid molecule that can be used in life science related research. The CAS number of C6 Phytoceramide (t18:0/6:0) is 249728-94-7.

Riboxin (IDP), an orally administered purine derivative known as hypoxanthine riboside, exhibits antihypoxic and antihyperthermic effects.

Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) (inactive control), an inactive analog of Necrostatin-1, functions as a potent inhibitor of necroptosis [1].

IM156, a Metformin derivative, activates AMPK, enhances cognition in aging animals, and inhibits OXPHOS in solid tumor research.

JAB-2485 is a highly potent and selective inhibitor of Aurora kinase A (AURKA), boasting an IC 50 of 0.33 nM, and demonstrates approximately 1700-fold selectivity for AURKA over AURKB. It induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, making it a valuable compound for cancer research [1].

PBI-1393 can be used as an enhancer for Th1 type cytokine production and primary T cell activation.

PLK1-IN-4 is a selective PLK1 inhibitor, antiproliferative , induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, making it suitable for hepatocellular carcinoma research.

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive lipid crucial in numerous signaling pathways, undergoes irreversible degradation by membrane-bound S1P lyase, producing (E)-2-Hexadecenal, a derivative of sphingolipid breakdown. This compound can be oxidized to (2E)-hexadecenoic acid by long-chain fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase before being activated through linkage to coenzyme A. Notably, (E)-2-Hexadecenal induces cytoskeletal reorganization, leading to cell rounding, detachment, activation of JNK pathway targets, and ultimate apoptosis in a variety of cell types. Furthermore, it readily forms aldehyde-derived DNA adducts through reactions with deoxyguanosine and DNA.

1,2-Di-13(Z)-docosenoyl-3-oleoyl-rac-glycerol is a triacylglycerol composed of 13(Z)-docosenoic acid at both the sn-1 and sn-2 positions and oleic acid at the sn-3 position.

Atiprimod: an oral azaspirane inhibiting STAT3, blocking IL-6/VEGF pathways, and promoting apoptosis by downregulating Bcl-2 and Mcl-1.

MOTS-c is a mitochondria-derived polypeptide (MDP) that has anti-damage and anti-inflammatory effects by activating the AMPK pathway and inhibiting the MAP

4E2RCat is an inhibitor of eIF4E-eIF4G interaction (IC50 = 13.5 μM) and is capable of blocking coronavirus replication as monitored by viral protein expression

EP1013 is a broad-spectrum selective inhibitor of Caspase used in the study of type 1 diabetes.

WEHI-345 is a potent and selective RIPK2 inhibitor which shows NOD signalling events yet prevents inflammatory cytokine production.

AM-8735 is an inhibitor of MDM2 ( IC50: 25 nM).

M109S is a novel small molecule that shields cells from mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, demonstrating effectiveness both in vitro and in vivo.

PD-1/PD-L1-IN-33 (Compound N11), a PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor, effectively impedes the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1 with an IC50 of 6.3 nM.

ASC-69 (APY69) is a promising potent inhibitor of the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway, classified as a small-molecule compound [1].

M867 is a selective, reversible caspase-3 inhibitor, possessing an IC50 of 1.4 nM and a Ki value of 0.7 nM, demonstrating anti-apoptotic activity [1].

Caspase-3 activator 1 (compound 4b), a Ru(III) metal complex, effectively inhibits gastric tumor growth and metastasis by mediating caspase-3 cleavage.

E235, an activator of the transcription factor 4 (ATF4), enhances the integrated stress response (ISR) and DNA damage response, thereby reducing cell viability

GSK840 (GSK'840) is a receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3 or RIPK3) inhibitor, which binds the RIP3 kinase domain (IC50: 0.9 nM), and inhibits kinase

PD-L1-IN-2, a Naamidine J derivative, serves as a promising antineoplastic immunomodulator by hindering PD-L1 activity.

Lepadin H, a marine alkaloid and ferroptosis inducer, exhibits significant cytotoxicity by promoting p53 expression, escalating ROS production, and enhancing

13h (hGGPPS-IN-3), a strong C2-ThP-BPs hGGPPS blocker, triggers MM cell apoptosis and shows in vivo anti-myeloma effects.

Antitumor Agent-110 (Compound 13), an imidazotetrazine anticancer agent, exhibits excellent permeability.

MP7 (PDK1 inhibitor) is a inhibitor of phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK1).

WYE-125132: potent mTOR inhibitor, IC50 0.19 nM, selective over PI3Ks/hSMG1/ATR.

RIPK-IN-4 is a potent, selective RIPK2 inhibitor with nanomolar activity and oral bioavailability for studying innate immune pathways.

PIM447 (LGH447) is a pan-PIM kinase inhibitor with anti-tumor and bone protective effects. PIM447 reduces the viability, and motility of HuH6 cell.

Anticancer agent 128 (compound 1) is an IAP inhibitor that covalently binds to the BIR3 domains of XIAP, cIAP1, and cIAP2, exhibiting IC50 values of 24.9 nM, 19

JNJ-1013 is a selective IRAK1 PROTAC degrader with an IC50 of 72 nM ,antiproliferative and proapoptotic, increases cleaved-PARP expression.

Anticancer agent 105, a thienopyrimidine scaffold-based compound, exhibits selective toxicity towards melanoma and induces apoptosis.

Anticancer agent 127 (142D6), an IAP inhibitor, covalently binds to the BIR3 domains of XIAP, cIAP1, and cIAP2, with IC50 values of 12 nM, 14 nM, and 9 nM,

RUNX-IN-2 (Compound Conjugate 3) covalently attaches to RUNX-binding sequences, preventing RUNX proteins from associating with their targets, thereby inhibiting

ST1074, a dual inhibitor of CerS2 and CerS4, promotes apoptosis and is applicable in cancer research [1].

BQZ-485, a potent GDI2 inhibitor, interacts with Tyr245 to disrupt the native GDI2-Rab1A interaction.

Antitumor agent-97 (compound 42), an anticancer agent, effectively inhibits proliferation and autophagy in MGC 803 cells, induces apoptosis, and enhances ROS

RUNX-IN-1, also known as Compound Conjugate 1, covalently attaches to RUNX-binding sequences, thereby preventing RUNX proteins from associating with their

BTM-3528 is a mitochondrial protease OMA1 activator that induces an overactivation of the mitochondrial integrated stress response (ISR).

CPT-Se3, a camptothecin derivative, boosts anticancer activity, triggers apoptosis in Hep G2, and is cytotoxic to various cells with IC50 of 2.19-4.7 μM.

HDAC-IN-60 (compound 21a), a potent histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, promotes intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, induces DNA damage,

Eeyarestatin I blocks ER protein degradation, hinders p97/atx3 processes, and induces anticancer proteins.

SAFit1 is an inhibitor of FK506 binding protein 51 (FKBP51)-specific (Ki: 4±0.3 nM).

Colletofragarone A2 from Colletotrichum sp. blocks mutant p53 and HSP90, aiding cancer treatment.

RIPK2-IN-3 (FCG806791773) is a RIPK2 inhibitor with anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities, useful for research on immune diseases and cancer.

CPUY201112, a novel inhibitor of heat shock protein Hsp90, induces p53-mediated apoptosis in MCF-7 cells.

SCH79797 dihydrochloride is a PAR1 antagonist with IC50 70 nM, Ki 35 nM, antiproliferative, and pro-apoptotic properties.

Cerivastatin is an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor with anticancer and lipid-lowering effects and can be used to study primary hyperlipidemia.

HDAC-IN-53 inhibits HDAC1-3 with IC50s: 47, 125, 450 nM. Inactive on class II HDACs; triggers apoptosis; reduces tumor growth in mice.

Myrothecine A, a trichothecene mycotoxin discovered in M. roridum, exhibits anticancer properties. It effectively inhibits the proliferation of various cancer cell lines, specifically A549, MCF-7, HepG2, and SMMC-7721, with IC50 values of 95, 70, 60, and 25 µM, respectively. At a concentration of 50 µM, Myrothecine A induces G1 cell cycle arrest in HepG2 cells and promotes apoptosis in SMMC-7721 cells by elevating levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3, -5, and -8.

BRD4 Inhibitor-18: potent (IC50: 110 nM), impairs MV-4-11 cell growth, disrupts G0/G1 phase, and induces apoptosis.

PD-1/PD-L1-IN-26 is a strong inhibitor with IC50 of 0.0380 μM that may boost immune response in cancer by aiding CD4+ T cell entry to tumors.

Ro 41-5253 is a RARα antagonist with antitumor activity that inhibits the proliferation of ZR-75.1 estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells.

RIP1 Kinase Inhibitor 8 (Compound 77), a potent and highly selective dihydropyrazole (DHP) RIP1 kinase inhibitor, exhibits an IC50 of 20 nM and effectively

LSD1-IN-25: potent, selective oral LSD1 inhibitor; IC50=46 nM, Ki=30.3 nM; induces cancer cell apoptosis.

M04 acts as a stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist, effectively inducing IFN reporter gene expression in HEK293T cells equipped with wild-type human STING. Its activity is specific, not affecting HEK293T cells with the R71H-G230A-R293Q (HAQ) human STING variant or mouse RAW 264.7 cells, showcasing allelic- and species-dependent effects at a concentration of 75 µM. This compound also stimulates the production of TNF-α, IL-10, IL-1β, and IL-12p70 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). At 50 µM, M04 enhances human monocyte-derived dendritic cells' expression of HLA-DR (MHC class II receptor) and co-stimulatory molecules CD40, CD80, and CD86, improving T cell cross-priming in an ex vivo assay.

MI-888 is the most potent MDM2 inhibitor (Ki = 0.44 nM), with high oral efficacy in human cancer models and optimal pharmacokinetics.

NF 023 is a potent, selective P2X1 purinoceptor antagonist.