Toxicology

<p>Applications Isotope labelled (L)-Suberyl Carnitine is a metabolite of L-Carnitine (C184110).<br>References Millington, D., et al.: J. Inherit. Metab. Dis., 13, 321 (1990), Chace, D., et al.: Clin. Chem., 49, 1797 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,3-Difluoro-2-methylpropan-2-ol is a reagent used in the synthesis of hepatitis C virus inhibitors.<br></p>

<p>Applications Diphenyl-d10 Sulfide (CAS# 180802-01-1) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications A potential impurity of Estradiol 17-Valerate (E888860).<br></p>

<p>Applications 17α-Testosterone Cypionate is the 17α-isomer of Testosterone Cypionate (T155100); an anabolic steroid with androgenic properties. Also used for testosterone therapy in males with hypogonadism.<br>References Rabkin, J.G. et al.: J. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 19, 19 (1999); Hajjar, R. et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 82, 3793 (1997); Rhoden, E. et al.: J. Sex Med., 7, 277 (2010)<br></p>

<p>Applications Fluoxetine (F597100) derivative. A stereoselective inhibitorof serotonin re-uptake and phosphodiesterase. Potential antidepressants<br>References Cashman, J. et al.: Bioorgan Med. Chem. 17, 337 (2009)<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-(8-Chloro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridin-11(6H)-ylidene)piperidin-1-yl Benzoate is an protected intermediate in the synthesis of Desloratadine (D290250), an nonsedating-type histamine H1-receptor antagonist.<br></p>

<p>Applications Palmitoyl-L-carnitine-d3 Hydrochloride is labelled Palmitoyl-L-carnitine Hydrochloride (P155050), a long-chain fatty ester of carnitine which is accumulated and released into the circulation, in fatty-acid oxidation defects. Pattern of Lauroyl-L-carnitine can be diagnostic for a number of ß-oxidation defects.<br>References Ventura, F., et al.: Clinica Chimica Acta, 281, 1 (1999); Pourfarzam, M., et al.: Clinical Chem,, 40, 2267 (1994); Schaefer, J., et al.: Pediatric Res., 37, 354 (1995)<br></p>

<p>Applications Synthetic thrombin inhibitor. Antithrombotic.<br>References Abiko, Y., et al.: Thromb. Res., 24, 285 (1981), Kikumoto, R., et al.: Biochemistry, 23, 85 (1984),<br></p>

<p>Applications N2-Des(L-valinyl) N2-Acetyl Lopinavir is a metabolite of Lopinavir (L469480); a selective HIV protease inhibitor and antiviral. It is a COVID19-related research product.<br>References Sham, H.L., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 42, 3218 (1998); Kumar, G.N., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 27, 86 (1999); Murphy, R.L., et al.: Antiviral Ther., 4, Suppl. 3, 85 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Applications Deschloro-2-phenylsulfonyl-thiamethoxam is an impurity of thiamethoxam (T344180), which is a neonicotinoid insecticide. Reports show that when exposed to neonicotinid pesticides honeybees have probelms returnign home after foraging and bumblebee colonies grow poorly and produce fewer queens.<br>References Oliver, J., et al.: J. Environ. Horticult., 28, 135 (2010), Ghosh, A., et al.: J. Entomol. Res., 34, 35 (2010), Chem. and Eng. News 90: 10 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications Protected Fluvoxamine.<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-Fluoro-2-methoxy-benzenesulfonyl-d3 Chloride is the isotope labelled analog of 3-Fluoro-2-methoxy-benzenesulfonyl Chloride (F593265), which is a derivative of 2-Fluoroanisole (F587670); a useful synthetic intermediate with antifungal activity.<br>References Pinto, M. F. S., et al.: J. Mol. Struc.: Theochem., 539, 303-310 (2001)<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled impurity of the anti-viral Lamivudine (L172500).<br>References Dwyer, O.: Synlett, 11, 1163 (1995);<br></p>

<p>Applications 2,6-Dimethylmorpholine is used as a reagent in the synthesis of novel 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid amides which can exhibit antifungal activity. 2,6-Dimethylmorpholine is also used towards the synthesis of tetrahydrothiazolopyridine derivatives as potent smoothened antagonists.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Du, S., et al.: Molecules, 20, 8395 (2015); Du, S., et al.: Molecules, 20, 4071 (2015); Ma, H., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 89, 721 (2015)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Fluticasone USP Related Compound B<br>Applications An impurity of Fluticasone Propionate (F599500), a derivative of Flumethasone (F455000). An antiallergic; anti-asthmatic; anti-inflammatory. Fluticasone USP Related Compound B.<br>References Matuszewski, B, et al.: Anal. Chem., 75, 3019 (2003), Fekete, S., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 49, 64 (2009), Meltzer, E.O., et al.: J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 86, 221 (1990), Mitchison, H.C., et al.: Gut, 32, 260 (1991), Phillipps, G.H., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 37, 3717 (1994)<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Ethidium bromide (EtBr) (E890700). It is the most commonly used nucleic acid stain for PAGE or agarose gel electrophoresis. The fluorescence of EtBr increases 21-fold upon binding to double-stranded RNA and 25-fold on binding double-stranded DNA so that destaining the background is not necessary with a low stain concentration (10 μg/ml). Ethidium bromide has been used in a number of fluorimetric assays for nucleic acids. It has been shown to bind to single-stranded DNA (although not as strongly) and triple-stranded DNA. Because of its ability to bind to DNA, EtBr is an inhibitor of DNA polymerase. Antiprotozoal (Trypanosoma).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Waring, M.J., et al.: J. Mol. Biol., 13, 269 (1965), Probst, G.S., et al.: Environ. Mutagen., 3, 11 (1981),<br></p>

<p>Applications 2,6-Dibromo-4-cyanophenyl Octanoate-d15 is a useful isotopically labeled compound of Bromoxynil Octanoate (B694345)<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Sitagliptin.<br>References Beconi, M.G. , et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 35, 525 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Levofloxacin USP Related Compound E<br>Applications Levofloxacin (L360000) impurity. A photodegradation product of Levofloxacin (L360000) in aqueous solution. Levofloxacin USP Related Compound E.<br>References Yoshida, Y., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 43, 601 (1993),<br></p>

<p>Applications Nabam-d4 Hexahydrate is a labeled fungicide used to synthesize zinc ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate):amine complexes.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Clifford, D.P., Carson, C.: Pesticide Sci., 23, 93 (1988)<br></p>

<p>Applications Lomitapide is a drug used in the treatment of obesity and aids in lowering LDL cholesterol and overall cholesterol levels in subjects.<br>References Cuchel, M. et al.: Lancet., 381, 40 (2013); Stefanutti, C. et al.: Atherosclero. Suppl., 14, 19 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications (3R,5S)-5-(6-Cyclopropyl-10-fluoro-7,8-dihydrobenzo[k]phenanthridin-8-yl)-3,5-dihydroxypentanoic Acid Sodium Salt is an impurity of Pitavastatin (P531000), a competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase. Antilipemic.<br>References Aoki, T., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 47, 904 (1997); Yamada, I., et al.: Xenobiotica, 33, 789 (2003); Park, S., et al.: Clin. Ther., 27, 1074 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Methylphenyl Diethylcarbamate-13C6 is an intermediate in the synthesis of o-Cresol-13C6 (C781912). Isotope labelled o-Cresol is a compound used as a disinfectant and have also been used as antiseptic in surgery.<br>References Razavi, S.M., et al.: Nat. Prod. Res., 26, 2148 (2012); Asadollahi-B. M., et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 34, 826 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Boc-3-hydroxy-L-valine is used as a reagent in the synthesis of metabolites of PPI-2458, which is a selective, irreversible inhibitor of methionine aminopeptidase-2 (MetAP2). N-Boc-3-hydroxy-L-valine is also used in the preparation of Boceprevir (B674500); an NS3 serine protease inhibitor of hepatitis C virus for the treatment of HCV infection.<br>References Arico-Muendel, C.C., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 41, 814 (2013); Venkatraman, S., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 49, 6074 (2006)<br></p>

<p>Applications Acetamidine-d3 Hydrochloride is a useful compound in the synthesis of 3-​Chloro-​3-​methyl-​d3-​diazirine (CAS# 35496-73-2).<br>References Liu, M. T. H., et al.: J. Org. Chem., 45, 4515 (1980)<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Methyl Esomeprazole-d3 is the isotope labelled analog of N-Methyl Esomeprazole (M304640); an impurity of Omeprazole (O635000) which a compound that binds covalently to proton pumps and inhibits gastric secretion. Also used as an antiulcerative.<br>References Muller, P., et al.: Arzneimittel-Forsch., 33, 1685 (1983); Wallmark, B., et al.: Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 778, 549 (1984); Morii, M., et al.: J. Biol. chem., 268, 21553 (1993); Ritter, M., et al.: Br. J. Pharmacol., 124, 627 (1998)<br></p>

<p>Applications Erythromycin Ethyl Succinate-13C,d3 is the deuterated form of Erythromycin Ethyl Succinate (E649985), which is a derivative of Erythromycin (E649950), an antibiotic.<br>References Koch, W.L., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 8, 157 (1979); Serisier, D. et al.: J. Am. Med. Assoc., 309, 1206 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications 2,4-D 1-butyl ester<br></p>

<p>Applications Dydrogesterone (D826000) intermediate. Used in the preparation of 10α-steroids.<br></p>

<p>Applications Prasugrel is a platelet inhibitor that reduces aggregation of platelets by being a P2Y12(ADP receptor) inhibitor.<br></p>

<p>Applications Diniconazole is a pesticide.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Lehotay, S., et al.: J. AOAC Int., 88, 595 (2005); Hiemstra, M., et al.: J. Chromat. A, 1154, 3 (2007)<br></p>

<p>Applications Testosterone-2,2,4,6,6-d5 Benzoate is a useful isotopically labeled compound of Testosterone Benzoate (T155015)<br></p>

<p>Applications Malonic Acid-2-13C is labelled Malonic Acid (M158005) which is a small bioactive molecule, that can be used in variuos reactions. It is the classic example of a competitive inhibitor, which acts against succinate dehydrogenase (complex II) in the respiratory electron transport chain.<br>References Weiner, N., "Malonic acid", Org. Synth.; Coll. Vol. 2: 376;<br></p>

<p>Applications D-2'-Deoxyribopyranosyl-3-guanylurea (α/β-Mixture) can be obtained from 5-Aza-2’-deoxy Cytidine (A796950) which can be used as cancer treatment, in particular to inhibit the growth of pancreatic endocrine tumor cell lines.<br>References Deng, T., et al.: Life Sci., 84, 311 (2009), Horne, H., et al.: Mol. Cancer Res., 7, 199 (2009), Zinner, R., et al.: Mol. Cancer Ther., 8, 521 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications Inhibits FGF-induced angiogenesis. Inhibits replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Teratogenic sedative. There is now a growing clinical interest in Thalidomide, and it is introduced as an immunomodulatory agent used primarily in combination with dexamethasone to treat multiple myeloma.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References D’Amato, r.J., et al.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 91, 4082 (1994), Makonkawkeyoon, S., et al.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 90, 5974 (1993), Schumacher, H., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap., 160, 189 (1968)<br></p>

<p>Applications Testosterone Methanesulfonate is an intermediate in the synthesis of Androstadienone (A637340), a prominent androstene present on male human axillary hair and on the male axillary skin surface.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br></p>

<p>Applications Phorate is a non-biocumulative organophosphate used as an insecticide and acaricide. Phorate is an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase and pseudocholinesterase.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Pandey, G.C. et al.: Ind. J. Comp. Anim. Physiol., 6, 1 (1988); Henderson, M.C. et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 68, 959 (2004); Peter, J.V. et al.: NeuroToxicology, 29, 335 (2008);<br></p>

<p>Applications Dimension can be employed as a herbicide.<br>References Zhang, R., et al.: Sepu., 36, 1228-1237 (2018)<br></p>

<p>Applications A novel, potent, and highly selective SGLT2 inhibitor that has been shown to improve glycemic control in diabetic mice and rats.<br></p>

<p>Applications Α labelled metabolite of Tamoxifen (T006000).<br>References Sun, D., et al.: Breast Cancer Res., 8(4), (2006), Zheng, Y., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 35, 1942 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Urolithin B Glucuronide counteracts trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO)-induced cell damage and other detrimental effects of the cardiovascular systems triggered by TMAO.<br>References Savi, M., et al.: Molecules, 23, 549 (2018)<br></p>

<p>Applications (1R,2S)-rel-2-Phenylcyclopropanamine Sulfate is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), synthesized into a functioning anti-depressant.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Birkenhager, T. et al.: J. Clin. Psych., 65, 1505 (2004); van Haelst, I. et al.: J. CLin. Psych., 73, 1109 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Atazanavir Impurity 1<br>Applications An epimeric impurity of Atazanavir, novel azapeptide HIV protease inhibitor. Atazanavir Impurity 1<br>References Chitturi, S.R. et al.: J. Pharmac. Biomed. Anal., 55, 31 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications Chlorflurenol-methyl is an auxin polar transport inhibitor that effects elongation growth of the excised fourth internode of tulips. Chlorflurenol-methyl is a pesticide.<br>References Wegrzynowicz-Lesiak, E., et al.: J. Hort. Res., 21, 31-39 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications 2,5-Dichlorophenol-d3 is the labelled analogue of 2,5-Dichlorophenol (D436105), which is an intermediates in the manufacture of more complex chemical compounds such as fungicides.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Wang, F., et al.: Bull. Enviro. Contamin. Toxicol., 89, 316 (2012); Zhong, W., et al.: J. Hazard. Mat., 217, 286 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Dipyridamole.<br>References Zak, S.B., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 141, 392 (1963),<br></p>

<p>Applications Isotope labelled Diethyl Oxalate is used in the synthesis of novel indole β-diketo acid derivatives as HIV-1 integrase inhibitors.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Sechi, M., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 47, 5298 (2004);<br></p>

<p>Applications Dichlofenthion is used as a pesticide and nematicide.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Ragnarsdottir, K.: J. Geo. Soc., 157, 859 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Applications Estropipate is used in post-menopausal women for hormonal replacement therapy, with benefits to improved cognition and prevention of osteoporosis.<br>References Klaiber, E. et al.: Psychoneuroendocrinol., 22, 549 (1999); McCombs, J. et al.: Maturitas., 48, 271 (2004); Burkhardt, M. et al.: J. Alz. Dis., 6, 221 (2004);<br></p>

<p>Applications Hecogenin Acetate, is a derivative of Hecogenin (H129945), which is a sapogenin present in the leaves of species from the Agave genus, possessing wide spectrum of pharmacology activities, such as having antinociceptive properties.<br>References Gama, K. B., et al.: J. Natural Prod., 76, 559 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Hydroxy Estradiol 1-N7-Guanine was shown to induce mutations in the mammary glands of ACI rats which correlated with formation of depurinating DNA adducts.<br>References Mailander, Paula C., et al.: J. of Steroid Biochem. and Mol. Bio., 101(4-5), 204-215 (2006)<br></p>