Flavonoids and Polyphenols

<p>Stability Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications A metabolite of cis Resveratrol.<br>References Schroder, H., et al.: Clin. Nutr., 20, 429 (2001), Yu, C., et al.: Pharm. Res., 19, 1907 (2002), Rimando, A., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 52, 4713 (2004), Walle, T., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 32, 1377 (2004), Ito, H., et al.: Br. J. Nutr., 94, 500 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Used as a broad range pesticide against insects, fungi, vegetation and bacteria. It has become a common environmental contaminant and probable human carcinogen.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Gulcan, H., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 21, 1503 (2008), Toropov, A., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 16, 5999 (2008), Franco, A., et al.: Envir. Toxicol. Chem., 28, 2018 (2009), Jensen, S., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 57, 5872 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications Harpagoside is an iridoid glycoside along with with Harpagide (H105270), the potential to be strong anti-inflammatory agents providing the bulk of the observed effects from their plant origins.<br>References Zhang, L. et al.: Bioorg Med. Chem., 19, 4882 (2011); Wen, B. et al.: J. Ethnopharm., 147, 503 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications 8-Hydroxymethyl Riboflavin is an impurity of Riboflavin (R414995), a nutritional factor found in milk, eggs, malted barley, liver, kidney, heart, leafy vegetables. Richest natural source is yeast. Minute amounts present in all plant and animal cells. Vitamin (enzyme cofactor).<br>References Unna, K., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 76, 75 (1942); Rivlin, et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 283, 463 (1970); Al-Shammary, F.J., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 19, 429 (1990)<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of the flavanoid Quercetin (Q509500) with antioxidant properties. It helps to protect H9c2 cardiomyoblasts against H2O2-induced oxidative stress via the modulation of PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 signaling pathways.<br>References Duenas, M. et al.: Eur. Food Res. Technol., 232, 103 (2011); Ameho, C.K. et al.: J. Nutrit. Biochem., 19, 467 (2008); Angeloni, C. et al.: Biochimie, 89, 73 (2007);<br></p>

<p>Applications The cis isomer of human metabolite of Resveratrol (R150000).<br>References Athar, M., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 224, 274 (2007), Bernhardt, R., et al.: J. Biotechnol., 124, 128 (2006), Fairman, D.A., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 35, 2159 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Quercetin 3-O-β-D-Glucuronide is a metabolite of Quercetin (Q509500).<br>References Ajay, M., et al.: Life Sci., 74, 603 (2003), Shen, S., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 197, 84 (2004), Amira, S., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol. 599, 126 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Tyrosol Glucuronide is a derivative of tyrosol (T947800), which is phenolic antioxidant.<br>References Perez-Trujillo, M., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 9129 (2010), Gregus, P., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 53, 674 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications Used in the treatment of venous disorders.<br>References Courbat, P., et al.: Helv. Chim. Acta, 49, 1203 (1966), Hackett, A.M., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 26, 925 (1976),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Urolithin A Glucuronide is a conjugate of Urolithin A acknowledged with in vivo anti-inflammatory and cancer chemopreventive properties.<br>References Gonzalez-Sarrias, A., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 61, 4352 (2013); Gonzalez-Sarrias, A., et al.: Eur. J. Nutr., 56, 831 (2017)<br></p>

<p>Applications Metabolite of 7-hydroxycoumarin (7-HC). Found in hepatocyte, microsome, S9 fraction of human, dog, monkey, rat and mouse liver.<br>References Ekins, S., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos. 24, 990 (1996), Bock, K., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol. 66, 691 (2003), Naritomi, Y., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos. 31, 580 (2003).<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Exhibits specific inhibitory activity against tyrosine kinases,including autophosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor kinase (IC50 - 2.6uM). Also inhibits other protein kinases through competitive inhibition of ATP. Inhibits tumor cell proliferation and induces tumor cell differentiation. Produces cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in Jurat T-leukemia cells. However, it prevents anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody-induced thymic apoptosis. Genistein also inhibits topoisomerase II activity in vitro. Genistein has also been shown to inhibit the action of GABA on recombinant GABAA receptors 2. uv(max)ethanol: 262.5 nm (e= 138). moderately sol. in hot alcohol<br>References Akiyama, T., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 262, 5592 (1987), O'Dell, T.J., et al.: Nature, 353, 588 (1991), Aharonovits, O., et al.: Biochim Biophys. Acta, 1112, 181 (1992), Platanias, L.C., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 267, 24053 (1992), Yoshida, H., et al.: Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1137, 321 (1992), Uckun, F.M., et al.: Science, 267, 886 (1995), Merck Index 12th ed. 4395, Huang, R.Q.; Fang, M.J.; Dillon, G.H., Mol. Brain Res. 67: 177-183 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Applications The aglucon of Naringin. Inhibitory mechanism of Naringenin against carcinogenic acrylamide formation and nonenzymic browning in Maillard model reactions.<br>References Lomovskaya, N., et al.: J. Bacteriol., 181, 305 (1999), Chung, L., et al.: J. Antibiot., 54, 250 (2001), Kim, D., et al.: Biochemistry, 43, 981 (2004), Kumar, S., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 280, 19569 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Glycyrrhizic Acid is a triterpene saponin used in the traditional Chinese medicinal preparation for its anti-inflammatory, antiulcerous and antiallergic effects.<br>References Marsh, L., et al.: Biochem. J., 63, 9 (1956), Kitagawa, et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 36, 3710 (1988),<br></p>

<p>Applications A bactericide detected in rivers and lakes. The current lot contains 8.7% d2, 0.2% d1 and 0.002% d0.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Lindstrom, A., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 2322 (2002)<br></p>

<p>Applications Thiochrome is a selective M4 muscarinic receptor enhancer of acetylcholine affinity.<br>References Mohsen, Z., et al.: Food and chemical toxicology, 49 (2011); Lazareno, S., et al.: Molecular pharmacology, 65 (2004);<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Labelled Eugenol is a dental compound which shows cytotoxicity to human oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral cells. When glucosylated, this compound exhibits anti-inflammatory activity.<br>References Koh, T. et al.: In Vivo, 27, 85 (2013); Zhang, P. et al.: Arch. Pharm. Res., 36, 109 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications Scopoletin 7-O-glucoside is a derivative of Scopoletin (S200500), a common constituent found in a variety of plants that has potential to regulate hyperthyroidism in rats. Scopoletin 7-O-glucoside is a compound that is obtained from the methanolic extract of the fresh underground parts of the flower Scopolia japonica.<br>References Okamura, S., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 40, 2981 (1992); Panda, S. &amp; Kar, A.: Phytother. Res., 20, 1103 (2006)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygrscopic<br>Applications α-Hederin is a saponin of dry extracts from the leaves of Hedera helix L.Inhibitor of β2-adrenergic receptor-GFP fusion proteins. Potential cause for asphyxiation.<br>References Sieben A. et al.: Biochem., 21, 3477 (2009); Gaillard, Y. et al.: J. Anal Toxicol., 27, 257 (2003);<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications Xanthophyll is one of the most widespread carotenoid alcohols in nature. Originally isolated from egg yolk, also isolated by chromatography from nettles, algae, and petals of many yellow flowers.<br>References van het Hof, K., et al.: J. Nutr., 130, 503 (2000), Cooper, D., et al.: J. Nutr., 134, 221S (2004), Faulks, R., et al.: Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1740, 95 (2005), Rao, A., et al.: Pharmacol. Res., 55, 207 (2007), Tuberoso, C., et al.: Food Chem., 103, 149 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications Curcumin β-D-Glucuronide Sodium Salt is the salt based analogue of Curcumin β-D-Glucuronide (C838510) which is a metabolite of Curcumin (C838500) in hepatic tissue and portal blood.<br>References Sharma, O., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 25, 1811 (1976), Colletti, L., et al.: J. Clin. Invest., 85, 1936 (1990), Sharma, R., et al.: Clin. Cancer Res., 7, 1894 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Applications Eugenol Acetate is a constituent of Clove oil, an essential oil from the clove plant, Syzygium aromaticum. Clove oil is a natural analgaesic and antiseptic used primarily in dentistry for its main ingredient Eugenol. Clove oil can also be purchased in pharmacies over the counter, as a home remedy for dental pain relief, mainly toothache; it is also often found in the aromatherapy section of health food stores.<br>References Ito, M., eet al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 43, 461 (2005); Kikuzaki, H., et al.: J. Nat. Prod., 63, 749 (2000); Manach, C., et al.: Curr. Opin. Lipidol., 16, 77 (2005),; Auclair, S., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 2008, 56, 5558 (2008);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Urolithin M7 is an intestinal microbial metabolite of ellagitannins.<br>References Garcia-Villalba, R., et al.: J. Agr. Food Chem., 61, 8797 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications The compund shows an anti-cancer activity, plasma cholesterol reduction, reduction in postmenopausal bone loss.<br>References Whalley, J.L., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 8, 1569 (1998), Song, T., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 47, 1607 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Applications Urolithin M6 is an intestinal microbial metabolite of ellagitannins.<br>References Garcia-Villalba, R., et al.: J. Agr. Food Chem., 61, 8797 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications Phenolphthalein can be used as an inhibitor and pH indicator. It also induces centrosome amplification and tubulin depolymerization in vitro.<br>References Matsumoto, Kaori., et al.: Eur. J. Drug Metab. Ph., (2014); Heard, Pamela L., et al.: Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 54(5), 308-316 (2013)<br></p>

<p>Applications A lignan (phenylpropanoid) with significant estrogenic activity.<br>References Fokialakis, N. et al.: Planta Medica, 69, 566 (2003); Lei, B. et al.: Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 193, 81 (2002);<br></p>

<p>Applications Lumiflavin is a toxic photolysis product of vitamin B2 (R415000).<br>References Zhao, X. et al.: Chemosphere, 63, 1116 (2006); Litke, S.V. et al.: Khim. Fiz., 10, 48 (1991); Ye, W. et al.: Guang. Yaox. Xueb., 12, 175 (1996);<br></p>

<p>Applications It was isolated from Garcinia mangostana Linn (Guttiferae). It is an anti-inflammatory agent.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Chairungsrilerd, N., et al.: Planta Med., 62, 471 (1996), Chen, Y., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 59, 1445 (2000), Matsumoto, K., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 12, 5799 (2004), Ramprasath, V., et al.: Biol. Pharm. Bull., 27, 2028 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Hesperetin (H289500). The aglucon of Hesperidin (H281185), a flavanone found in citrus fruits.<br>References Tsujimoto, M., et al.: Biol. Pharm. Bull., 32, 671 (2009), Wang, H., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 49, 1157 (2009), Lee, S,. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 19, 2116 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications rac-Hesperetin 7-O-β-D-Glucuronide is a metabolite of Hesperetin (H289500), which is the main circulating metabolite involved in osteoblast differentiation.<br>References Kim, D., et al.: J. Cell Biochem., 101, 790 (2007), Brand, W., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 36, 1794 (2008)<br></p>

<p>Applications Hesperetin 3тАЩ-O-b-D-Glucuronide is one of the most abundant metabolite of Hesperetin (H289500) in vivo.<br>References van Zanden, J., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 74, 345 (2007), Yanez, J., et al.: Biopharm. Drug Dispos., 29, 63 (2008), Brand, W., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 38, 617 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Chlorophyll A is a photosynthetic pigment that is essential for photosynthesis of eukaryotes and cyanobacteria, acting as a primary donor in the electron transport chain. Dyes and metabolites.<br>References Prasad, K., et al.: Curr. Res. Chem., 3, 98 (2011); Shanab, S.M., et al.: Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 6, 3017 (2011); Ajayan, K.V., et al.: Biores. Techol., 102, 7591 (2011); Felming, I.: Nature, 216, 151 (1967); Woodward, R.B. et al.: Tetrahedron, 46, 7599 1990); Chen, M. et al.: Sciemce, 319, 1318 (2010); Gitelson, A.A. et al.: Rem. Sens. Environ., 69, 296 (1999);<br></p>

<p>Applications A chemical constituent of volatile oils from Catunaregam spinosa fruits.<br>References Yamaguchi, S., et al.: J. Food Sci., 36, 846 (1971), Ajlouni, S., et al.: Food Flavors, 1865 (1995), Mau, J., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 45, 4726 (1997),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications (+)-Gallocatechin is antioxidant isomer of (-)-Gallocatechin (G188990), a potential cancer chemopreventive agent that inhibits the growth and adherence of P. gingivalis onto the buccal epithelial cells. An epimer of (-)-Epigallocatechin (E588940).<br>References Rychlik, J., et. al: J. Sci. Food Agr., 95, 1892 (2015); Guo, Q. et al.: Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1427, 13 (1999); Sakanaka, S. et al.: Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 60, 745 (1996)<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Minor constituent of wine, correlated with serum lipid reduction and inhibition of platelet aggregation. Resveratrol is a specific inhibitor of COX-1, and it also inhibits the hydroperoxidase activity of COX-1. It has been shown to inhibit events associated with tumor initiation, promotion and progression.<br>References Powell, R.G., et al.: Phytochemistry, 35, 335 (1994), Jeandet, P., et al.: J. Phytopathol., 143, 135 (1995), Mattivi, F., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 43, 1820 (1995),<br></p>

<p>Applications The demethoxy derivative of Curcumin (C838500) that regulates anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative responses through a ROS-independent mechanism. It attenuates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway through down-regulation of the transcriptional coactivator p300.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Ryu, M.J. et al.: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm., 377, 1304 (2008); Sandur, S.K. et al.: Carcinogenesis, 28, 1765 (2007); Huang, T. et al.: J. Agric. Food. Chem., 58, 10639 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications [6]-Shogaol is an aromatic constituent of ginger and the chain-dehydroxylated analog of [6]-Gingerol. [6]-Shogaol has activity very similar to [6]-Gingerol and produced an inhibition of spontaneous motor activity, antipyretic and analgesic effects, and prolonged hexobarbital-induced sleeping time. [6]-Shogaol also has potent antitussive activity and affected the cortical EEG.<br>References Suekawa, M. et al.: J. Pharm-Dyn., 7, 836 (1984); Yoshikawa, M. et al.: Chem. Pharmac. Bull., 40, 2239 (1992);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications (-)-Riboflavin is a nutritional factor found in milk, eggs, malted barley, liver, kidney, heart, leafy vegetables. Richest natural source is yeast. Minute amounts present in all plant and animal cells. Vitamin (enzyme cofactor).<br>References Unna, K., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 76, 75 (1942), Rivlin, et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 283, 463 (1970), Al-Shammary, F.J., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 19, 429 (1990),<br></p>

<p>Applications 5-O-(E)-Feruloylquinic Acid is a phenolic acid with potential antioxidant and antifungal activities. Secondary metabolite in the coffee brewing process.<br>References Matei, M. et al.: J. Agri. Food Chem., 60, 12105 (2012); Dokli, I. et al.: Tetrahedron Asymm., 24, 785 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications Isovitexin is known as a flavones, a class of flavonoids. Isovitexin have been studied for their antiradical activities in the process of metabolisms. Isovitexin have also been studied for beneficial effcts against atherosclerosis, osteoporosis and certain cancers.<br>References Cermak, R., et al.: Expert. Opin. Drug. Metab. Toxicol., 4, 17 (2008); Ma, X., et al.: J. Agri. Food. Chem., 60, 10844 (2012); Li, H., et al.: Food. Chem., 135, 2942, (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications Chloroxylenol is an antiseptic and germicide. Chloroxylenol is used for mildew prevention. Chloroxylenol is also an antibacterial; antiseptic (topical and urinary).<br>References Heberer, T., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 131, 5 (2002), Nikolaou, A., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 387, 1225 (2007), Focazio, M., et al.: Sci. Total Environ., 402, 201 (2008), Miege, C., et al.: Environ. Pollut., 157, 1721 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications The aglucon of Phlorizin. A glucose transport inhibitor. Also inhibits protein kinase C and has been shown to inhibit the entry of five enveloped viruses into human fibroblasts.<br>References Constantinescu, S.N., et al.: FEBS Lett., 292, 31 (1991), Mann, J., et al.: Appl. Physiol., 71, 410 (1991), Benga, G., et al.: Eur. J. Cell Biol., 59, 219 (1992), Kitanaka, J., et al.: J. Neurochem., 60, 704 (1993), Wang, X., et al.: Biochem. J., 290, 249 (1993)<br></p>

<p>Applications Silydianin is an active constituent of Silybium marianum and is known the exhibit anti-inflammatory activity which regulates caspase-3 activation which affects cell membranes and acts as a free radical scavenger.<br>References Zlelinska-Przyyjemska, M., et al.: Phytother. Res., 20, 115 (2006); Milan, M., et al.L Anal. Chimica. Acta., 486, 125 (2003); Liu, Y.Z., et al.: Chin. Herb. Med., 4, 237 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications Chlorophyllin Copper Trisodium Salt, is a water soluble derivative of Chlorophyll (C379880), which has shown to have has been shown to have both anticarcinogenic and antigenotoxic properties.<br>References Grossi, M., et al.: Toxicology Lett., et al.: 214, 235 (2012); Prasad, K., et al.: Curr. Res. Chem., 3, 98 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications Anisole is used in perfumery.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Taylor, J.M., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 6, 378 (1964),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled 2-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (B699300). 2-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxyanisole shows insecticidal activity.<br>References Newberne, P., et al.: Food Technol., 54, 66 (2000), Passone, M., et al.: Food Control, 19, 364 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Phenyl-2-propanol is an important raw material and intermediate used in organic synthesis, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and dyestuff.<br>References Kostjuk, S.V., et al.: Eur. Polym. J., 43, 968-979 (2007); Liu, X., et al.: J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., 252, 176-180 (2006);<br></p>

<p>Applications Paeoniflorin is an active compound of the Paeonia root. Paeoniflorin inhibits Aβ25-35-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, which includes decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, cytochrome c release and activity of caspase-3 and caspase-9. Paeoniflorin could attenuate or restore the viability loss, apoptotic increase, and ROS production induced by Aβ25-35 in SH-SY5Y cells.<br>References Yuan,Y., et. al.: Int. J. Mol. Sci., 14, 18502 (2013); Wang, K., et. al.: Cell Mol. Neurobiol., 34, 227 (2014)<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Labelled Tyrosol (T947800) metabolite.<br>References Perez-Trujillo, M., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 9129 (2010), Gregus, P., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 53, 674 (2010), Garcia-Villalba, R., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 398, 463 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications trans-Resveratrol Triacetate is the acetylated analogue of Resveratrol (R150000) that is a natural antioxidant and a potential radioprotective agent. trans-Resveratrol Triacetate induces p53 activity and inhibits proliferation in breast and prostate tumor cell lines.<br>References Torres, P. et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 807 (2010); Kotagiri, S. et al.: J. Chem. Pharmac. Sci., 3, 191 (2010); Koide, K. et al.: ACS Med. Chem. Chem. Lett., 2, 270 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Urolithin C is used in biological studies to evaluate the metabolite antioxidant activity.<br>References Ishimoto, H., et. al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 21, 5901 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications Neoponcirin is a flavonoid that was shown to exhibit anticancer properties by inducing apoptosis by inhibiting N-Myc and upregulating RKIP in neuroblastoma.<br>References Singhai, J., et al.: Cancer. Prev. Res., 5, 473 (2012); Sdiri, S., et al.: Postharv. Biol. Techol., 65, 13, (2012);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Diosmin EP Impurity D<br>Applications 6-Iodo Diosmin (Diosmin EP Impurity D) is a Diosmin (D485200) impurity.<br></p>

<p>Applications It is an alkaloid isolated from Radix et Rhizoma Leonticis. It shows various pharmaceutical properties: bacteriostatic, wound healing, cytotoxicity, immunosuppression, acetilcholinesterase inhibition, and inhibition of the activity of tumor angiogenesis.<br>References Perdue, G.P., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 68, 124 (1979), Tsacheva, I., et al.: J. Biosci., 59, 528 (2004), Zhang, Y., et al.: Cancer Lett., 262 103 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,3,3-Triphenyl-2-propen-1-one is a reagent use in pharmaceutical synthesis such as the preparation of arylketones<br>References Wang, H. et al.: J. Org. Chem., 77, 4849 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications One of the catechin isomers and a potent antioxidant that can modulate a wide range of membrane proteins. Its bilayer-modifying potency was tested using gramicidin A (gA) channels as probes. All the catechins alter gA channel function and modify bilayer properties, with a 500-fold range in potency. The gallate group causes current block, as evident by brief downward current transitions.<br>References Ingolfsson, H., et al.: FEBS Lett., 585, 3101 (2011),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Eugenol is used in perfumes, flavorings, and essential oils. It is also used as a local antiseptic and anaesthetic. Eugenol is a dental compound which shows cytotoxicity to human oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral cells. When glucosylated, this compound exhibits anti-inflammatory activity.<br>References Koh, T. et al.: In Vivo, 27, 85 (2013); Zhang, P. et al.: Arch. Pharm. Res., 36, 109 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications Carnosic Acid is a phenolic component of rosemary. It acts as a potent antioxdant and also has UV protective activity. Specifically protection for UV-A radiation and damage. Carnosic Acid also inhibits the free-radical chain reaction that leads to the oxidation of fats and oils, thereby stabilizing and increasing the shelf life of meats.<br>References Frankel, E. et al.: J. Agri. Food Chem., 44, 131 (1996); Offord, E. et al.: Free Rad Biol. Med., 32, 1293 (2002); Chem. and Eng. News Feb. 10, 2014 p. 13<br></p>