Nucleosides and Nucleotides

<p>Applications 2,4-Diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine (cas# 56-06-4) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Stability Very Hygroscopic<br>Applications Abacavir-d4 is deuterium labeled Abacavir (A104990). Abacavir is a carbocyclic 2'-deoxyguanosine nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and an anti-HIV drug used to treat HIV infection (1). Intracellular enzymes convert Abacavir to its active form, carbovir-triphosphate (CBV-TP), which then selectively inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by incorporating into viral DNA (2). Abacavir is metabolized in the liver by uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase and alcohol dehydrogenase resulting in inactive glucuronide and carboxylate metabolites, respectively.<br>References (1) Jackson, A., et al.: Antivir Ther. 17, 19 (2012) (2) Yuen, G. J., et al.: Clin Pharmacokinet. 47, 351 (2008)<br></p>

<p>Applications 1’-epi-Cladribine is an impurity of Cladribine (C557500), a substituted purine nucleoside with antileukemic activity.<br>References Seto, S., et al.: J. Clin. Invest., 75, 377 (1985), Piro, L.D., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 322, 1117 (1990),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Fluorouracil EP Impurity A<br>Applications Barbituric Acid (Fluorouracil EP Impurity A) is a parent compound of barbiturate drugs. Unsubstituted barbituric acid has no hypnotic properties.<br>References Luo, Y., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 53, 3846 (2010), Tomasic, T., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 45, 1667 (2010), Gilbert, A., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 20, 636 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Floxuridine. Antiviral; antineoplastic.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Harris, M., et al.: Biophys. J., 4, 203 (1964),<br></p>

<p>Applications Isotope labelled Melamine (M208703), which forms synthetic resins with formaldehyde. It remains largely non-metabolized in male Wistar rats with 90% of the administered dose excreted in the urine (1,2) and thus acts as a non-protein nitrogen food additive found in milk (3). Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), environmental, and food contaminants.<br>References 1. Mast, R. et al.: Food Chem Toxicol. 1983 Dec;21(6):807-10.2. Smith, J. et al.: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1994 Apr;125(2):296-308.3. Anirudhan, T. et al.: Food Chem. 2017 Jul 15;227:85-92.<br></p>

<p>Applications (1S)-1,5-anhydro-1-C-[4-Chloro-3-[(4-ethoxyphenyl)hydroxymethyl]phenyl]-D-glucitol is an impurity of the drug Dapagliflozin (D185370), a sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitor.<br>References Kasichayanula, S. et al.: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 13, 47 (2011)<br></p>

<p>Applications A new potent neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor, shows long-acting anti-influenza virus activity.<br>References Bantia, S., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 42, 801 (1998), Honda, T., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 12, 1925 (2002), Kiso, M., et al.: Lancet, 364, 759 (2004), Macdonald, S., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 48, 2964 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Influenza viral neuraminidase inhibitor; structural analog of the sialic acid. Antiviral.<br>References Woods, J.M., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 37, 1473 (1993), Pegg, M.S., et al.: Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int., 32, 851 (1994), Monto, A.S., et al.: J. Am. Med. Assoc., 282, 31 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Applications An oral antiviral drug used in the treatment of hepatitis B infection. A guanine analogue that inhhibits all three steps in the viral replication process.<br>References Innaimo, S.F., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 41, 1444 (1997), Honkoop, P., et al.: Expert Opin. Invest. Drugs, 12, 683 (2003), Chang, T.-T., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 354, 1001 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Adenosine-3’,5’-cyclic Monophosphate is an Adenosine (A280400) derivative useful as anticancer agent.<br>References Keast, R., et al.: Pharma. Res., 19, 1019 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Uridine, a nucleoside; widely distributed in nature. Uridine is one of the four basic components of ribonucleic acid (RNA)<br>References Lorine, P., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 178, 439 (1949); Grakoui, A., et al.: J. Virol., 63, 5216 (1989); Strauss, J., et al.: Microbiol. Rev., 58, 491 (1994); Lin, Y., et al.: Virology, 292, 78 (2002);<br></p>

<p>Applications Etravirine is a novel HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor useful in treatment of HIV infection.<br>References Scholler-Gyure, M., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 48, 322 (2008), Thakur, A., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 43, 471 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Baquiloprim is an amiopyrimidine antibacterial synergist with high activity and slow elimination. Baquiloprim has a better half-life than trimethoprim.<br>References Zhi-hui, H., et al.: Anhui Nongye Kexue, 41, 2503 (2013)<br></p>

<p>Applications A phosphorylated metabolite of the deoxyribonucleoside 2’-Deoxycytidine. A constituent of Deoxyribonucleic acid. Studies show that it increases influenza virus antigen-induced immune cell proliferation.<br>References Holen, E. et al.: Nutrition, 21, 1003 (2005); Alexandre, J.A. et al.: Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucelic Acids, 26, 1375 (2007);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Azacitidine USP Related Compound A<br>Applications Inhibits the growth of Escherichia coli. Azacitidine USP Related Compound A.<br>References Shapir, N., et al.: J. Bacteriol., 184, 5376 (2002), Hrdlicka, P., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 13, 1249 (2005), Krecmerova, M., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 50, 1069 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Labelled Gemcitabine, an antineoplastic.<br>References Hertel, L.W., et al.: Cancer Res., 50, 4417 (1990), Abbruzzese, J.L., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 9, 491 (1991), Ruiz, V.W.T., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 46, 762 (1993),<br></p>

<p>Applications A lactone (cyclic ester) of D-gluconic acid used as a used as a sequestrant, an acidifier, or a curing, pickling, or leavening agent.<br>References Jacob, M. et al.: Food Hydrocoll., 25, 928 (2011); Li, J. et al.: J. Sci. Food Agric., 91, 38, 2011;<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 4-[(2-Chloroethyl)amino]-L-phenylalanine is a metabolite of Melphalan (M216900); an antineoplastic.<br>References Ross, W.C.J., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 13, 969 (1964); Donelli, M.G., et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 18, 760 (1966); Furner, R.L., et al.: Cancer Treat. Rep., 64, 559 (1980)<br></p>

<p>Applications ent-Entecavir is an enantiomeric impurity of the antiviral drug Entecavir (E558900).<br>References Ruediger, E. et al.: Tetrahed. Lett., 45, 739 (2004): Bisacchi, G.S. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 7, 127 (1997);<br></p>

<p>Applications 5-FC is a toxic antifungal/antimicrobial agent.<br>References Gopinath, P., et al.: Biotechnol. Lett., 30, 1913 (2008), Kalkanci, A., et al.: Microbiol Immunol., 52, 435 (2008), Dubeau, M., et al.: App. Env. Microbiol., 75, 1211 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications Ribavirin-13C2 is the labeled analogue of Ribavirin (R414475), a purine nucleoside analog; inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH). Used as an antiviral agent.This compound is suitable for pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) related research.<br>References Fernandez, H., et al.: Eur. J. Epidemiol., 2, 1 (1986); Liao, H.J. and Stollar, V.: Antiviral Res., 22, 285 (1993); Honda, Y., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 38, 653 (1994); Reichard, O., et al.: Lancet, 351, 83 (1998)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Labelled nucleotide.<br>References Long, X., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exper. Ther., 335, 781 (2010), Ham, M., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exper. Ther., 335, 607 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Ribavirin EP Impurity D<br>Applications N-Des-1-β-D-ribofuranosyl Ribavirin (Ribavirin EP Impurity D) is an impurity in the synthesis of Ribavirin (R414475), a purine nucleoside analog; inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH). Used as an antiviral agent.This compound is suitable for pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) related research.<br>References Fernandez, H., et al.: Eur. J. Epidemiol., 2, 1 (1986), Liao, H.J. and Stollar, V.: Antiviral Res., 22, 285 (1993), Honda, Y., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 38, 653 (1994), Reichard, O., et al.: Lancet, 351, 83 (1998)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Decarboxylated S-Adenosylmethionine Sulfate Salt, is a substrate that is involved in the biosynthesis of polyamines including spermidine, spermine, and thermospermine.<br>References Takahashi,T., et al.: Ann. Bot., 105, 1 (2009); Wu, H., et al.: Biochem., 46, 8331 (2007); Pegg, A., et al.: Biochem., 28, 8446 (1989);<br></p>

<p>Applications Ammeline is a metabolite of Melamine (1) (M208700), which acts as a non-protein nitrogen food additive (2). Also present in pet foods as well (3).Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants.<br>References 1. Mast RW. et al.: Food Chem Toxicol. 1983 Dec;21(6):807-10.2. Ehling S. et al.: Food Addit Contam. 2007 Dec;24(12):1319-25.3. Vail T. et al.: J Anal Toxicol. 2007 Jul-Aug;31(6):304-12.<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled metabolite of Capecitabine.<br></p>

<p>Impurity Cytarabine EP Impurity A<br>Applications Antiviral agent. Used for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).<br>References Weber, G., et al.: Cancer Res., 43, 3466 (1983), Broet, P., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 19, 2778 (2001), Galmarini, C., et al.: Leukemia, 15, 875 (2001), Barth, R., et al.: Cancer Res., 64, 6287 (2004), Song, M., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 12, 489 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Methyltetrahydrofolic acid (cas# 134-35-0) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Impurity Aciclovir EP Impurity J<br>Applications O-(Guanin-9-yl)methyl Acyclovir (Aciclovir EP Impurity J) is a dimer impurity of the antiviral agent Acyclovir (A192400).<br>References Ashton, D.S. et al.: J. Chrom. A, 707, 367 (1995);<br></p>

<p>Applications A potent and selective inhibitor of HIV-1 replication.<br>References Mitsuya, H., et al.: Nature, 325, 773 (1987), Brehm, J., et al.: Biochem., 47, 14020 (2008), Paredes, R., et al.: J. Virol., 83, 2038 (2009), Wan, J., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 52, 1144 (2009), Mainardes, R., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 98, 257 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Labelled Biopterin. A pteridine widely distributed in nature; naturally occurring as the L-erythro-form. Considered as a growth factor for some insects. Fluoresces with a blue color in alkaline solution.<br>References Klatt, P., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 269, 13861 (1994), Mitnaul, L., et al.: Biochemistry, 92, 885 (1995), Thony, B., et al.: Biochem. J., 347, 1 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Amino-5-fluoro-1-(2,3-di-O-acetyl-α-D-ribofuranosyl)-2(1H)-pyrimidinone is an impurity of Capecitabine (C175650), which is an antineoplastic agent. Capecitabine is a prodrug of Doxifluridine (D556750).<br>References Muss, H., et al.: New Eng. J. Med., 360, 2055 (2009), Takahashi, S., et al.: Drug Metab. Disposition, 37, 956 (2009), Saltz, L., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 27, 653 (2009), Sanderson, H., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 187, 84 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Has neuroprotective properties improving axonal wiring. Has been used to treat stroke patients to restore neural function. Neuroprotective product.<br>References Vandemeulebroucke, A., et al.: Biochem., 49, 8999 (2010), Nestor, G., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 10799 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygrscopic<br>Applications Emtricitabine Tenofovir Monosoproxil is a derivative of Emtricitabine (E525000). Emtricitabine is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is an effective antiviral agent against HIV, HBV, and other viruses replicating in a similar manner.<br>References FASEB J., 13, 1511 (1999), Molina, J.-M., et al.: J. InfecSchinazi, R.F., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 36, 2423 (1992), Shockeor, J.P., et al.: Xenobioica, 26, 189 (1996), Feng, J.Y., et al.: . Dis., 182, 599 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Azathioprine EP Impurity C<br>Applications 5-Chloro-1-methyl-4-nitroimidazole (cas# 4897-25-0) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Impurity Azacitidine USP Related Compound C<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 1-(Diaminomethylene)-3-β-D-ribofuranosyl-urea Picrate is a related compound of Azacitidine, a DNA metnyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor for treating myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS).<br>References Rajendiran, C., et al.: PCT Int. Appl. WO 2012135405 A1 20121004 (2012); Ziemba, A., et al.: Chemother Res Pract 965826, 9 (2011); Beisler, J. A., et al.: J. Carbohyd. Chem 4, 281 (1977)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Valaciclovir EP Impurity M<br>Applications N-Formyl Valacyclovir (Valaciclovir EP Impurity M) Valacyclovir (V085000) impurity.<br>References Furman, P., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 20, 518 (1981),<br></p>

<p>Impurity USP Capecitabine Related Compound B<br>Applications 5’-Deoxy-5-fluorouridine is a metabolite of the chemotherapeutic agent Capecitabine (C175650). 5’-Deoxy-5-fluorouridine is an antitumor agent efficient in tumors, cell lines or in fibroblasts tranformed by H-ras or trk oncogenes.<br>References Ingle, J., et al.: Cancer, 67, 886 (1991); Harvey, J., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 17, 1474 (1999); Asai-Sato, M., et al.: Int. J. Cancer, 115, 539 (2005); Rastelli, F., et al.: Tumori, 94, 370 (2008);<br></p>

<p>Applications Acetyl Vitamin B12 is a derivative of Vitamin B12 (V676020). Vitamin B12 gets converted by the body into its bioactive forms, methylcobalamin and cobamamide, which serve as enzyme cofactors. Severe deficiency may result in megaloblastic anemia and/or neurological impairment.<br>References Rickes, et al.: Science, 107, 396 (1948); Kirschbaum, J., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 10, 183 (1981); Grasbeck, R., et al.: Clin. Biochem., 17, 99 (1984)<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled 5-FU, a potent antineoplastic agent in clinical use. Also an inhibitor of DNA synthesis.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Rudy, B.C., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 2, 221 (1973), Miyashita, O., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 29, 3181 (1981), Hansen, R.M., et al.: Cancer Invest., 9, 637 (1991),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Capecitabine EP Impurity F/ USP Capecitabine Related Compound C<br>Applications Capecitabine-2',3'-cyclic Carbonate (Capecitabine EP Impurity F) is a capecitabine related compound C is an impurity in Capecitabine (C175650), an antineoplastic agent. Capecitabine is a prodrug of Doxifluridine (D556750).<br>References Muss, H., et al.: New Eng. J. Med., 360, 2055 (2009), Takahashi, S., et al.: Drug Metab. Disposition, 37, 956 (2009), Saltz, L., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 27, 653 (2009), Sanderson, H., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 187, 84 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications Canagliflozin is a sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor. Canagliflozin has been shown to dose dependently reduce calculated renal threshold for glucose excretion and increase urinary glucose excretion. Canagliflozin is a candidate for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity.<br>References Chao, E. et al.: Drug Fut., 36, 351 (2011); Sha, S. et al.: Diab. Obes. Metab., 13, 669 (2011); Kipnes, M.S.: Clin. Invest., 1, 145 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications A pyrimidine nucleoside analogue with antiviral activity.<br>References van der Vliet, P.C. and Kwant, M.M.: Biochemistry, 20, 2628 (1981), Mitsuya, H., Broder, S.: Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 83, 1911 (1986), Starnes, M.C., and Cheng, Y.: J. Biol. Chem., 262, 988 (1987),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Hydrolytic impurity of D226730 and A796950 (decitabine)<br>References Beisler, Jj.A., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 21, 204 (1978),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Lamivudine-13C1,d2, is the labeled analogue of Lamivudine (L172502). A reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Antiviral.<br>References Morris, D.M., J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 12, 255 (1944), Nevens, B.F., et al.: Gastroenterology, 113, 1258 (1997), Perry, C.M., et al.: Drugs, 53, 657 (1977),<br></p>

<p>Applications Acyclovir (A192400) impurity. The L-Valine ester prodrug of Acyclovir.<br>References Beauchamp, L.M., et al.: Antiviral Chem. Chemother., 3, 157 (1992), Weller, S., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 54, 595 (1996), Lowance, D., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 340, 1462 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Applications Lamivudine is a potent nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Antiviral. Lamivudine has been used for treatment of chronic hepatitis B.<br>References Morris, D.M., J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 12, 255 (1944), Nevens, B.F., et al.: Gastroenterology, 113, 1258 (1997), Perry, C.M., et al.: Drugs, 53, 657 (1977),<br></p>

<p>Applications Cobamamide is an enzyme cofactor that can also regulate gene expression through RNA-base riboswitches.<br>References Ortiz-Guerrero, J.M., et. al.: P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 108, 7565 (2011)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Azathioprine BP Impurity E<br>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications 5-Hydroxy-1-methyl-4-nitroimidazole Sodium Salt is a degradation product of Azathioprine (A803350); an immunosuppressive antimetabolite that is also active as a disease modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD).<br>References Mitrou, P.S., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 29, 483, 662 (1979); Ding, T.L., et al.: Drug. Metab. Dispos., 7, 373 (1979); Chan, G.L.C., et al.: Pharmacotherapy, 7, 165 (1987); Sandborn, W.J., et al.: Scand. J. Gastroenterol., 33, Suppl. 225, 92 (1998)<br></p>

<p>Applications Gemcitabine intermediate.<br>References Balzarini, J., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 1988, 37, 2847 (1988), Hertel, L., et al.: Cancer Res., 50, 4417 (1990), Marquez, V., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 33, 978 (1990),<br></p>

<p>Applications A reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is an effective antiviral agent against HIV, HBV, and other viruses replicating in a similar manner. A nucleoside analog structurally related to Lamivudine (L172500).<br>References FASEB J., 13, 1511 (1999), Molina, J.-M., et al.: J. InfecSchinazi, R.F., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 36, 2423 (1992), Shockeor, J.P., et al.: Xenobioica, 26, 189 (1996), Feng, J.Y., et al.: . Dis., 182, 599 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Fluorouracil EP Impurity E<br>Applications Used for the experimental and clinical treatment of neoplastic and viral diseases. Fluorouracil EP Impurity E.<br>References Yu, H., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 268, 15935 (1993), Staleva, L., et al.: Mutat. Res., 370, 81(1996), Harris, V., et al.: J. Mol. Biol., 326, 1389 (2003)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2’,3’-Dideoxyinosine is a purine analog (1) which used as an antiviral agent. Classed as an anti-retroviral drug used in the treatment of HIV in ART therapy, it also may increase acetaminophen related hepatotoxicity by enhancing mitochrondrial dysfunction (2).<br>References 1. Esplugues, J. et al.: AIDS. 2016 Jun 1;30(9):1341-51.2. Blas-Garcia, A. et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2016 Apr;71(4):916-26<br></p>

<p>Applications It is a substituted purine nucleoside with antileukemic activity.<br>References Seto, S., et al.: J. Clin. Invest., 75, 377 (1985), Piro, L.D., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 322, 1117 (1990);<br></p>

<p>Applications 2'-Deoxyadenosine Monohydrate is used in the synthesis of 5'-modified 2'-deoxyadenosine analogues as anti-hepatitis C virus agents.<br>References Gordon, C., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 48, 1 (2005), Ikejiri, M., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 15, 6882 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications Antibacterial and antioxidant for preventing and treating cancer.<br>References Itoh, K., et al.: J. Immunol., 170, 3688 (2003), Liu, A., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 279, 53196 (2004), Wullaert, A., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 72, 1090 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications Nitrogen 15 labelled analogue of Adenosine (A280400), a purine nucleoside that plays an important role in various biochemical processes.<br>References Long, X., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exper. Ther., 335, 781 (2010); Ham, M., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exper. Ther., 335, 607 (2010)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A cell-permeable DNA-binding dye. Binds preferentially to DNA rich in adenine and thymine. Used in flow cytometry for measuring nuclear DNA content or for sorting isolated chromosomes.<br>References Jpeeesen, C, and Nielsen, P.E.: Eur. J. Biochem., 182, 437 (1989), Li,J., et al.: J. Exp. Biol., 200, 1499 (1997), Zaitsev, E.N., and Kowalczykowsi, S.C.: Nucl. Acids Res., 26(2), 650 (1998), Germ, M., et al.: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 261, 452 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Dapagliflozin C2 Epimer is an intermediate used in the synthesis of Dapagliflozin (D185370), a sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitor.<br>References Majewski, A., et al.: Przemysl Chemiczny, 95, 1129 (2016); Kasichayanula, S. et al.: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 13, 47 (2011)<br></p>

<p>Applications (2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(4-Aminopyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbonitrile is a predominant metabolite of remdesivir with great potential for Covid-19 treatment.<br>References Yan, V. C., et al.: ACS Med. Chem., 11, 1361 (2020)<br></p>

<p>Applications Triethyl Methanetricarboxylate is used in the synthesis of novel inhibitors of Hsp90. It is also used in the preparation of novel dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acids that function as HIV-1 integrase inhibitors.<br>References Day, J. et al.: Chem. A Eur. J., 16, 2758 (2010); Sechi, M. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 17, 2925 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Isotope labelled Ammeline (A633660), which s a metabolite of Melamine (1) (M208700), which acts as a non-protein nitrogen food additive (2). Also present in pet foods as well (3). Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants.<br>References 1. Mast RW. et al.: Food Chem Toxicol. 1983 Dec;21(6):807-10.2. Ehling S. et al.: Food Addit Contam. 2007 Dec;24(12):1319-25.3. Vail T. et al.: J Anal Toxicol. 2007 Jul-Aug;31(6):304-12.<br></p>

<p>Applications Carbon 13 Labelled analogue of Adenosine (A280400), a purine nucleoside that plays an important role in various biochemical processes.<br>References Long, X., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exper. Ther., 335, 781 (2010); Ham, M., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exper. Ther., 335, 607 (2010)<br></p>

<p>Applications A deuterated version of Penciclovir, an antiviral.<br>References Weinberg, A., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 36, 2037 (1992), McMeekin, J.R., et al.: Anal. Proc., 29, 178 (1992),<br></p>

<p>Impurity USP Ribavirin Related Compound A<br>Applications Ribavirin Carboxylic acid is an impurity of Ribavirin (R414475). Ribavirin impurity A.<br>References Lertora, J., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 50, 442 (1991), Connor, E., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 37, 532 (1993), Manns, M., et al.: Lancet, 358, 958 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled analogue of Adenosine (A280400), a purine nucleoside that plays an important role in various biochemical processes.<br>References Long, X., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exper. Ther., 335, 781 (2010); Ham, M., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exper. Ther., 335, 607 (2010)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Abacavir - In House Impurity<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Abacavir Carboxylate (Abacavir - In House Impurity) is a major metabolite of Abacavir (A105000) in human urine and cerebrospinal fluid (1,2,3).<br>References (1) Hoetelmans, R., et al.: Pharm. World Sci., 19, 159 (1997) (2) Beach, J., et al.: Clin. Ther., 20, 2 (1998) (3) McDowell, J., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 43, 2855 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Applications Dapagliflozin Methyl Acetate is the impurity of Dapagliflozin (D185370), which is a sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitor.<br>References Kasichayanula, S. et al.: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 13, 47 (2011)<br></p>

<p>Applications A deuterated prodrug of Penciclovir (P221500), which is used as an antiviral.<br>References Hodge, V.R.A., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 33, 1765 (1989),<br></p>

<p>Applications N6-Isopentenyladenosine has antiproliferative activity on MCF-7 breast cancer cells.<br>References Rajabi, M. et al.; DNA Cell Biol.; 29, 687 (2010)<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled metabolite of 5-Fluorouracil (F596000).<br>References Bocci, G., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 58, 593 (2002), Longley, D.B., Nature Rev. Cancer, 3, 330 (2003), Fischel, J., et al.: Anti-Cancer Drugs, 15, 969 (2004)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 1α-Methyl Dapagliflozin is an antidiabetic agent and intermediate of Dapagliflozin (D226255]), a sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitor.<br>References Kasichayanula, S. et al.: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 13, 47 (2011); Bernhardson, D. et al.: Org. Proc. Res. Dev., 18, 57 (2014);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitor.<br>References Kasichayanula, S. et al.: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 13, 47 (2011)<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Ribavirin.<br>References Allen, L.B., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 21, 742 (1978), Zimmerman, T., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 27, 709 (1978), Page, T., et al.: Int. J. Biochem., 22, 379 (1990), Lin, C., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 47, 1395 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Applications An irreversible inhibitor of the mammalian DNA repair protein, O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase. Assists in the protection against carcinogenic and therapeutic alkylating agents.<br>References Dolan, M.E., et al.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 87, 5356 (1990), Goodtzova, K., et al.: Biochemistry, 33, 385 (1994), Elder, R.H., et al.: Biochem. J., 298, 231 (1994)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A metabolite of the potent and selective inhibitor of HIV-1 replication, AZT.<br></p>

<p>Applications Cabotegravir O-β-D-Glucuronide is a metabolite of Cabotegravir (C050100), a long acting HIV-1 integrase inhibitor with action against a broad range of HIV subtypes.<br>References Yoshinaga, T. et al.: Antimicrob, Agents Chemother., 59, 397 (2015); Andrews, C. et al.: Sci. Transl. Med., 7, 270 (2015)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Aciclovir EP Impurity R<br>Applications Acyclovir Formacetal Dimer is a dimer impurity of Acyclovir (A192400); an orally active acyclic nucleoside with inhibitory activity towards several herpes viruses. Also antiviral. (Aciclovir EP Impurity R)<br>References Collins, P., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 5, 431 (1979); Matsumoto, H., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 36, 1153 (1988); Whitley, R.J., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 327, 782 (1992)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2prime-Deoxyadenosine is a nucleoside adenosine derivative with mutagenic properties.<br></p>

<p>Applications Used as an antiviral. Prodrug of Penciclovir (P221500).<br>References Hodge, V.R.A., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 33, 1765 (1989),<br></p>

<p>Peramivir is a neuraminidase inhibitor used to treat influenza by preventing virus release from cells.</p>