Nucleosides and Nucleotides

<p>4-Amino-7-iodopyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazine is an impurity standard of the drug product. It is a high purity synthetic compound with a niche in pharmacopoeia and drug development. 4-Amino-7-iodopyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazine has been shown to be a metabolite of the natural product.</p>

<p>2'-Deoxy-2',2'-difluorocytidine 5'-monophosphate (CDFMP) is a potent antitumor agent that has been shown to have a strong anti-angiogenic effect. It inhibits the cancer cell's production of microvessels and interferes with the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones, which can be used to deliver chemotherapy drugs to the tumor. CDFMP is synthesized by reacting 2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluorocytidine with phosphoric acid and then converting it into the monophosphate form using phosphorus oxychloride. This drug is also resistant to platinum-based chemotherapy agents, making it a promising drug for patients who are resistant to other treatments.</p>

<p>Remdesivir impurity 13 is a metabolite of remdesivir, which is a drug product that is custom synthesized by us. This compound has been shown to be natural and can be found in the human body. Remdesivir impurity 13 has been studied extensively for its metabolic pathway and as a potential impurity standard for HPLC analysis.</p>

<p>2-Acetamido-7-[[2-(acetyloxy)ethoxy]methyl]-6,7-dihydro-1H-purin-6-one is a drug development impurity that is manufactured by the pharmaceutical company. This impurity has been shown to be a metabolite of the drug.</p>

<p>Remdesivir related compound 12 is a synthetic drug product. It is an impurity standard used for the production of the active pharmaceutical ingredient, remdesivir. The substance is a custom synthesis and can be synthesized to meet customer specifications. Remdesivir related compound 12 has been studied in animal models for metabolism studies and human pharmacokinetic studies. This substance is also used for research and development, as well as niche drug development.</p>

<p>Remdesivir impurity</p>

<p>Decitabine is a drug product that is used as an anti-cancer drug. It is a synthetic, natural, and research and development (R&amp;D) metabolite with the CAS No. 909402-26-2. Decitabine has shown anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo against leukemia cells. This compound is an impurity of the API decitabine that is manufactured by a chemical synthesis process. The analytical impurities are 11 compounds that have been identified from the HPLC standard of this API. The metabolites of these compounds are also included in this standard. High purity decitabine should be obtained for pharmacopoeia studies and niche applications such as HPLC standards, pharmaceuticals, or research purposes.</p>

<p>Pteroic acid is a synthetic compound that is an analog of the natural amino acid phenylalanine. It has been shown to inhibit protein synthesis and may be useful for the treatment of cancer. Pteroic acid can be activated by the addition of trifluoroacetic acid and reacts with metal ions such as nickel, cobalt, copper, and zinc. It also binds to receptors on tubule cells in kidney tissue. This binding inhibits the enzyme carbonic anhydrase II, which catalyzes the conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate in these cells. The inhibition of this enzyme results in a decrease in bicarbonate concentration within these cells, leading to cell death.</p>

<p>Remdesivir impurity 6 is an impurity standard for a research and development drug product. It is a synthetic compound that has been custom synthesized for use in pharmacopoeia drug products. The purity of this compound is high and it has been shown to have no toxic effects on metabolism studies. Remdesivir impurity 6 is a metabolite of remdesivir, which is used as an antiviral agent for the treatment of HIV infection.</p>

<p>Decitabine is a drug product that is being developed for the treatment of cancer. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of human tumor cells in vitro and to induce apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Decitabine is metabolized to an active form, dideoxycitidine (DDC), which binds to DNA and inhibits the enzyme DNA polymerase alpha, leading to inhibition of DNA synthesis. Impurity 13 is a by-product of the synthesis process and can be used as an analytical standard. It can also be used as a research and development impurity standard or as a pharmacopoeia impurity standard.</p>

<p>4-Dehydroxy-4-dimethylhydroxysilyl entecavir is an impurity standard for the drug product Entecavir. It is a synthetic drug that inhibits the production of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by binding to reverse transcriptase and blocking its activity. The metabolite of 4-dehydroxy-4-dimethylhydroxysilyl entecavir, entecavir, is also used as a treatment for HIV. Synthetic 4-dehydroxy-4-dimethylhydroxysilyl entecavir is used in clinical trials as a drug product and metabolite of entecavir to measure the concentration of the active ingredient in plasma and other body fluids. 4DDSILENT has been shown to have antiviral properties against HIV due to its ability to inhibit transcriptional activation by binding to reverse transcriptase, which prevents RNA from being synthesized into DNA.</p>

<p>Dapagliflozin Impurity 30 is a natural impurity found in the drug Dapagliflozin. It is an analytical standard used for HPLC quantification of dapagliflozin, and it can be used as a pharmacopoeia reference material or research and development material. Dapagliflozin Impurity 30 is synthesized by using a custom synthesis protocol. The CAS number for this compound is 1373321-04-0.</p>

<p>Isoribavirin is a ribonucleoside monophosphate analog that inhibits viral RNA polymerase. Isoribavirin has been shown to be active against influenza virus, herpes simplex virus, and vesicular stomatitis virus in cell culture. Isoribavirin is stable in an acetonitrile solution in the presence of phosphoric acid at pH 3-4 or in the presence of sulfate ions at pH 9-10. It can be purified by chromatography on a silica gel column using an acetonitrile/water mobile phase gradient. The impurities of isoribavirin are not detectable by liquid chromatography and have no significant effect on its sensitivity. Isoribavirin elutes from the silica gel column with the impurities.</p>

<p>Remdesivir Related Compound 4 is a synthetic compound that is structurally related to remdesivir. It has been shown to have anti-HIV activity in vitro. Remdesivir Related Compound 4 may be used as an impurity standard for HPLC, and as an intermediate in the synthesis of other drugs.</p>

<p>Methyl 2-deoxy-3,5-di-O-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-a-D-ribofuranoside is a research and development impurity standard for the synthesis of drug products. This chemical is used as a metabolite in the study of metabolic pathways and can be converted to Methyl 3,5-di-O-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-a-D-ribofuranoside by hydrolysis with dilute acid. Methyl 2-deoxy-3,5-di-O-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-a-D ribofuranoside has been shown to be a synthetic molecule and is listed in pharmacopoeia. CAS No. 7818564 5.</p>

<p>Remdesivir impurity 10 is a synthetic chemical compound that has been synthesized for research and development. It is an impurity standard of remdesivir, which is not present in any drug product. The purity of this product is high, and it can be used as a pharmacopoeia or drug development standard. It can also be used as an analytical standard to measure the concentration of metabolites in animal studies or metabolism studies.</p>

<p>3,9-Dihydro-9-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-1H-Purine-2,6-dione is an impurity found in the synthesis of a drug product. It is also used as an analytical standard for HPLC methods and as a pharmacopoeia standard. 3,9-Dihydro-9-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-1H-Purine-2,6-dione has been shown to be produced by the metabolism of other drugs such as caffeine. This impurity is not expected to have any therapeutic effects when administered to humans.</p>

<p>1-beta-D-Ribofuranosyl-3-guanylurea picrate is also known as 1-(diaminomethylene)-3-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)urea picrate, 1-amidino-3-b-D-ribofuranosylurea monopicrate and Azacitidine Related Compound C. 1-beta-D-Ribofuranosyl-3-guanylurea picrate is an impurity generated from the hydrolysis of the drug Azacitidine, available on the market with the trade name Vidaza. Azacitidine is a chemical analogue of cytidine and is used in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome.</p>

<p>Acyclovir is an antiviral drug that inhibits the replication of herpes viruses by selectively inhibiting viral DNA polymerase. The drug is active against a broad range of herpes viruses, including both types of herpes simplex virus (HSV-1 and HSV-2) and varicella zoster virus. Acyclovir has also been shown to be effective against aciclovir-resistant mutants. This drug can be used as a prophylaxis or in combination with other antiviral agents for the treatment of active infections. Acyclovir can cause headaches, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea when taken orally. It should not be taken with certain medicines such as aminoglycosides or high doses of aspirin because this may increase the risk for kidney problems.</p>

<p>Beta-lactamase Protein, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Recombinant (His &amp; SUMO) is expressed in E.</p>

<p>This protein is a serine beta-lactamase with a substrate specificity for cephalosporins.</p>

<p>Applications 2,3,5-Tri-O-acetyl-6-chloropurine-9-β-D-ribofuranoside is a nucleoside compound with inhibitory activity on a rho-GTPase cell protein.<br>References Mounetou., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 40, 2902 (1997), Panero, J., et al.: Biotech. Lett., 28, 1077 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications Lamivudine intermediate.<br>References Chang, C., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 267, 13938 (1992), Jeong, L., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 36, 181 (1993).<br></p>

<p>Applications Used in the synthesis of 3-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,3-dihydro-6H-1,3-oxazine-2,6-dione, a new pyrimidine nucleoside analog related to uridine.<br>References Chwang, T.-L., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 19, 643 (1976),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Stavudine Triphosphate Trisodium Salt has a free acid of Stavudine Triphosphate. Stavudine Triphosphate inhibits HIV-1 RT (reverse transcriptase). Stavudine Triphosphate Trisodium Salt is a metabolite of Stavudine.<br>References Vaccaro, J.A., Parnell K.M., Terezakis S.A., Anderson, K.S.: Antimicrob. Agents Ch., 44, 217 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Applications Diethylamine, can be used for the preparation of alkali metal diethylamides, generated with n-BuLi or NaH, have been used for the cleavage of ethers. Also, in combination with Lithium aluminum hydride, generates lithium tris(diethylamino)aluminum hydride, which is a useful selective reducing agent.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Cha, J.S., et al.: J. Org. Chem., 52, 5030 (1987); Tetrahedron Lett., 32, 6903 (1991);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Capecitabine 3-O-BDR Impurity (USP)<br>Applications Capecitabine (C175650) impurity. Capecitabine 3-O-BDR Impurity (USP).<br></p>

<p>Bucladesine mimics cAMP, permeates cells, and inhibits phosphodiesterase; used in research.</p>

<p>2,3'-Anhydrothymidine is a piperidine-containing nucleoside analog that inhibits the replication of HIV and other viruses. It is structurally related to acyclovir, but has an increased resistance to viral inactivation by acyclovir-resistant strains. 2,3'-Anhydrothymidine binds to the ribose sugar of the viral nucleic acid and prevents the formation of a covalent bond between the 5' hydroxyl group of ribose and the 3' phosphate group. It also inhibits protein synthesis by interfering with the incorporation of amino acids into proteins. 2,3'-Anhydrothymidine has been shown to be effective against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in animal models and clinical studies.</p>

<p>Diquafosol Free Base is a purinoceptor P2Y(2) receptor agonist.</p>

<p>Impurity Valganociclovir EP Impurity J<br>Applications Ganciclovir Mono-O-propionate is a potential prodrug of Ganciclovir (G235000). Ganciclovir Mono-O-propionate was also found to exhibit anti-viral activity through experimental studies.<br>References Dias, C.S., et al.: J. Pharma. Sci., 91, 660 (2002);<br></p>

<p>Applications Sofosbuvir (R)-Phosphate is an impurity of PSI-7977 (P839640), a prodrug that is metabolized to the active antiviral agent 2'-deoxy-2'-α-fluoro-β-C-methyluridine-5'-monophosphate and is currently being investigated in phase 3 clinical trials for the treatment of hepatitis C. Studies have profiled PSI-7977 as a nucleotide inhibitor of hepatitis C virus, exerting selective inhibitory effects towards HCV NS5B polymerase.<br>References Lam, A.M.,et al.: Antimicrob. Agents. Chemotherapy., 56, 3359 (2012); Lam, A.M., et al.: J. Virol., 85, 12334 (2011); Sofia, M.J., et al.: J. Medn. Chem., 53, 7202 (2010)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A metabolite of 5-Azacytidine. This compound contains sodium chloride and water.<br>References Lee, T., et al.: Cancer Res., 34, 2482 ( (1974), Drake, J.C., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 29, 807 (1980),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Emtricitabine Impurity 14<br>Applications An intermediate in the synthesis of Emtricitabine (E525000). A reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is an effective antiviral agent against HIV, HBV, and other viruses replicating in a similar manner. A nucleoside analog structurally related to Lamivudine (L172500). Emtricitabine Impurity 14.<br>References Schinazi, R.F., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 36, 2423 (1992), Shockeor, J.P., et al.: Xenobioica, 26, 189 (1996), Feng, J.Y., et al.: FASEB J., 13, 1511 (1999), Molina, J.-M., et al.: J. Infec. Dis., 182, 599 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Applications L-Glucono-1,5-lactone is the lactone derivative of L-gluconic acid.<br>References Fuhrhop, J. H., et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 113, 7437 (1991); Szarek, W.A., et al.: Canadian. J. Chem., 62, 671 (1984);<br></p>

<p>Applications Gemcitabine (G305000) derivative.<br></p>

<p>Impurity Lamivudine EP Impurity D<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications ent-Lamivudine (Lamivudine EP Impurity D) is an enantiomer of Lamivudine (L172500); an antiviral that inhibits HIV-reverse transcriptase.<br>References Pepe, G. et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 31, 775 (1996); Marr, E. et al.: Antiviral Res., 28, 1 (1995); Parikh, U.M. et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 49, 1139 (2005);<br></p>

<p>Applications Emtricitabine N,N’-Methylene Dimer is a derivative compound of Emtricitabine (E525000), a reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is effective antiviral agent against HIV, and other viruses replicating in a similiar manner. A nucleoside analog structurally related to Lamivudine (L172500).<br>References FASEB J., 13, 1511 (1999), Molina, J.-M., et al.: J. InfecSchinazi, R.F., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 36, 2423 (1992), Shockeor, J.P., et al.: Xenobioica, 26, 189 (1996), Feng, J.Y., et al.: . Dis., 182, 599 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Applications Capecitabine (C175650) impurity.<br></p>

<p>Applications The 2-epi-enantiomer analogue of (-)-Emtricitabine (E525000) evaluated against HIV-1 in human peripheral blood mononuclear (PBM) cells.<br>References Jeong, L.S., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 36, 2627 (1993),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Emtricitabine Triphosphate Triethylammonium Salt is a metabolite of (-)-Emtricitabine (E525000).<br>References Barditch-Crovo, P., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 45, 2733 (2001); Ray, A., et al.: Antivir .Ther., 10, 451 (2005); Borroto-Esoda, K., et al.: Antivir. Ther., 11, 377 (2006)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Capecitabine 2-O-BDR Impurity (USP)<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Capecitabine (C175650) impurity. Capecitabine 2-O-BDR Impurity (USP).<br></p>

<p>Applications 2'-Deoxy-2'-fluorocytidine is a potent inhibitor of the subgenomic hepatitis C virus replicon in Huh-7 cells. 2'-Deoxy-2'-fluorocytidine has been shown to inhibit Borna Disease virus replication and spread.<br>References Stuyver, L.J. et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 48, 651 (2004); Bajramovic, J.J. et al.: Antiomicrob. Agents Chemother., 48, 1422 (2004);<br></p>

<p>Stability Freezer<br>Applications An intermediate used for the synthesis of 6-substituted purine ribosides.<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Azathioprine (A803350). An immunosuppressive antimetabolite. Also active as disease modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD).<br>References Mitrou, P.S., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 29, 483, 662 (1979), Ding, T.L., et al.: Drug. Metab. Dispos., 7, 373 (1979), Chan, G.L.C., et al.: Pharmacotherapy, 7, 165 (1987), Sandborn, W.J., et al.: : Scand. J. Gastroenterol., 33, Suppl. 225, 92 (1998,)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Aciclovir EP Impurity P<br>Applications 9-(2-Hydroxyethyl)guanine (Aciclovir EP Impurity P) is an impurity of the antiviral agent Acyclovir (A192400). 9-(2-Hydroxyethyl)guanine is a nucleoside phosphotransferase acceptor.<br>References Kamimura, A. et al.: Agric. Biol. Chem., 37, 2037 (1973);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Ribavirin EP Impurity C<br>Applications 1,2,4-Triazole-3-carboxylic Acid (Ribavirin EP Impurity C) is a major metabolite of the antiviral agent Ribavirin (R414475).<br>References Miller, J.P. et al.: Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 284, 211 (1977); Catlin, D. et al.: Ribavirin: Broad Spec. Antivir. Ag., 83 (1980); Lin, C.C. et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 50, 2368 (2006);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications (2'R)​-2'-​Deoxy-​2'-​fluoro-​2'-​methyl-uridine 5'-​Triphosphate Tetrasodium Salt is an impurity of Sofosbuvir (P839640) which is a prodrug that is metabolized to the active antiviral agent 2'-deoxy-2'-α-fluoro-β-C-methyluridine-5'-monophosphate.<br>References Lam, A.M.,et al.: Antimicrob. Agents. Chemotherapy., 56, 3359 (2012); Lam, A.M., et al.: J. Virol., 85, 12334 (2011); Sofia, M.J., et al.: J. Medn. Chem., 53, 7202 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications 5'-Deoxy-5'-chloroadenosine is an intermediate in the synthesis of 5'-Deoxy-5'-(methylthio)adenosine (D242600), a substrate to study the specificity and kinetics of 5′-methylthioadenosinephosphorylase (MTAP) (EC2.4.2.28), a tumor suppressor gene expressed enzyme that supports the S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) and methionine salvage pathways.<br>References Olopade, O., et al.: Cancer Res., 53, 2410 (1993), Hartmann, S., et al.: Clin. Chem., 52, 1127 (2006), Penner, N., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 52, 534 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications A new antiviral agent for influenza treatment; it can be used as neuraminidase inhibitor for treating human and avian influenza.<br>References Whitley, R., et al.: Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J., 20, 127 (2001), Bright, R., et al.: Lancet., 366, 1175 (2005), Deyde, V., et al.: J. Infect. Dis., 196, 249 (2007), Lee, N., et al.: Clin. Infect. Dis., 46, 1323 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Emtricitabine Carboxylic Acid Impurity<br>Applications Emtricitabine Carboxylic Acid is an impurity of the antiviral agent Emtricitabine (E525035).<br>References Pendela, M. et al.: Talanta, 82, 125 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications 2,3-Dichloropropionyl Chloride is used as a reagent in the synthesis of 6-chloro-5-cyclohexyl-1-indancarboxylic acid, a potent analgesic, antipyretic, and antiinflammatory agent, and its related compounds.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Sawa, Y., et al.: Yakugaku Zasshi, 96, 653 (1976)<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications 1,2-bis(Chloromethoxy)ethane is a carcinogenic compound.<br>References Kar, S., Roy, K.: Chemoshpere, 87, 339 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications Methyl 4-Chlorobenzoate is a reactant used in the synthesis of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase, a target for novel radiosensitizing agents. As well, used as a reactant in the synthesis of aminopyridine functionalized polyacrylonitrile fibers.<br>References Min, J. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 59, 559 (2016);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Abacavir EP Impurity E<br>Applications (1R,3S)-3-[2-Amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl]cyclopentanemethanol (Abacavir EP Impurity E) is an impurity of Abacavir (A104990). Abacavir is a carbocyclic 2'-deoxyguanosine nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and an anti-HIV drug used to treat HIV infection (1). Intracellular enzymes convert Abacavir to its active form, carbovir-triphosphate (CBV-TP), which then selectively inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by incorporating into viral DNA (2). Abacavir is metabolized in the liver by uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase and alcohol dehydrogenase resulting in inactive glucuronide and carboxylate metabolites, respectively.<br>References (1) Jackson, A., et al.: Antivir Ther. 17, 19 (2012) (2) Yuen, G. J., et al.: Clin Pharmacokinet. 47, 351 (2008)<br></p>

<p>Applications A novel labelled HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor useful in treatment of HIV infection.<br>References Scholler-Gyure, M., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 48, 322 (2008), Thakur, A., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 43, 471 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Entecavir EP Impurity D<br>Applications 4’-epi-Entecavir is an epimeric impurity of the antiviral drug Entecavir (E558900).<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled metabolite of Capecitabine.<br>References Arellano, M., ET AL.: Br. J. Cancer, 77, 79 (1998), Budman, D., ET AL.: J. Clin. Oncol., 16, 1795 (1998), Khanna, R., et al.: Cancer Res., 60, 4725 (2000), Charasson, V., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 30, 731 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Abacavir EP Impurity C; Abacavir USP Related Compound A<br>Applications Descyclopropyl Abacavir (Abacavir EP Impurity C; Abacavir Related Compound A) is an intermediate of Abacavir (A105000). Abacavir is a carbocyclic 2'-deoxyguanosine nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and an anti-HIV drug used to treat HIV infection (1). Intracellular enzymes convert Abacavir to its active form, carbovir-triphosphate (CBV-TP), which then selectively inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by incorporating into viral DNA (2). Abacavir is metabolized in the liver by uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase and alcohol dehydrogenase resulting in inactive glucuronide and carboxylate metabolites, respectively.<br>References (1) Jackson, A., et al.: Antivir Ther. 17, 19 (2012) (2) Yuen, G. J., et al.: Clin Pharmacokinet. 47, 351 (2008)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Fluorouracil EP Impurity B; Fluorouracil USP Related Compound B<br>Applications A 5-hydroxy derivative of the nucleobase Uracil (U801000) and an isomer of Barbituric Acid (B118650). Studies show that it can form stable base pairs with all four bases in a DNA duplex. It has been used as oxidative DNA damage biomarker in tissue engineered skin. Fluorouracil EP Impurity B. Fluorouracil USP Related Compound B<br>References Varatharasa T. et al.: Chem. Comm., 3, 400 (2005); Jaruga, P. et al.: Nucleic Acid Res., 24, 1389 (1996); Rodriguez, H. et al.: Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 534, 129 (2003);<br></p>

<p>Applications A vitamin needed to synthesize DNA, conduct DNA repair and methylate DNA, it also acts as a cofactor in biological reactions involving folate.<br>References Xu, L., et al.: Mol. Pharm., 7, 1311 (2010), Everette, J., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 8139 (2010), Alshatwi, A., et al.: Food, Chem., Toxicol., 48, 1881 (2010), McKay, D., et al.: Nut. J., 9 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Acyclovir L-Leucinate is an amino acid ester of the antiherpetic agent, Acyclovir (A192400). It is the Leucine analogue of Valacyclovir (V085000).<br>References Burnette, T. et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 270, 15827 (1995);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications D-Melphalan is an isomer of melphalan (M216900), which is an antineoplastic.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Ross, W.C.J., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 13, 969 (1964); Donelli, M.G., et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 18, 760 (1966), Furner, R.L., et al.: Cancer Treat. Rep., 64, 559 (1980),<br></p>

<p>Applications L-Tetrahydrofolic Acid-d4 (Major) is a folic acid derivative and coenzyme involved in the metabolism of amino and nucleic acids.<br>References Prinz-Langenohl, R., et al.: Brit. J. Pharmacol., 158, 2014 (2009), Martin, H., et al.: Anal. Biochem., 402, 137 (2010), Dasarathy, J., et al.: Am. J. Clin. Nut., 91, 357 (2010), Karas-Kuzelicki, N., et al.: Clin. Biochem., 43, 37 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is an effective antiviral agent against HIV, HBV, and other viruses replicating in a similar manner. A nucleoside analog structurally related to Lamivudine (L172500).<br>References Mellors, J., et al.: Science, 72, 1167 (1996), Reimann, K., et al.: J. Virol., 79, 8878 (2005), Rose, J., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 280, 7413 (2005), Acierno, P., et al.: J. Immunol., 176, 5338 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications An intermediate in the preparation of Oxiracetam (O846905).<br>References Kondepudi, D., et al.: Science, 250 975 (1990), Di Silvestro, G., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 82, 758 (1993),<br></p>

<p>Applications Ethylene Glycol Monobenzoate, is a reagent that can be used as an intermediate in a variety of chemical and biochemical reactions. It is used as an intermediate in the preparation of 1,2-Ethanediol Disodium Salt (E890125), which is the result of the nucleophilic attack on its carbonyl group.<br>References Khouri, F. et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 108, 6683 (1986);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Labelled Adenosine 5’-Monophosphate (A281790), a naturally occurring nucleotide. A useful ligand determinant that facilitate the binding of APS reductase inhibitors and activates adenosine receptor agonists.<br>References Hong, J.A. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 52, 5485 (2009); Korboukh I. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 55, 6467 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications Des-(3-Oxo-3,4-dihydrogen) 3,6-Difluoro Favipiravir is a building block related to Favipiravir(F103350). Favipiravir is used for the treatment of advanced Ebola virus infection in a small animal model. Favipiravir suppressed the replication of Zaire Ebola virus and prevented a lethal outcome in 100% of the animals. Based on the studies, Favipiravir can be a candidate for the treatment of Ebola hemorrhagic fever.<br>References Oestereich, L., et al.: Antiviral Res., 105, 17 (2014); Baranovich, T., et al.: J. Virol. 87, 3741 (2013); Chem. and Eng. News p.8, Dec. 1 (2014)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Capecitabine EP Impurity E<br>Applications 5'-Deoxy-5-fluoro-N-[(3-methylbutoxy)carbonyl]cytidine (Capecitabine EP Impurity E) is a 5'-Desoxycytidine derivative and is used as an antitumor agent.<br></p>

<p>Applications 5-O-Trityl-2,3’-anhydrothymidine (cas# 25442-42-6) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Impurity Valaciclovir EP Impurity P<br>Stability Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications Bis Valacyclovir (~90%) (Valaciclovir EP Impurity P) is an impurity is listed in Ph. Eur. monograph for Valaciclovir HCl as impurity P and Bis-valaciclovir in USP monograph (impurity K).<br></p>

<p>Impurity Ganciclovir EP Impurity C<br>Applications 2’-Monodehydroxy-2’-chloro Ganciclovir is an Impurity of Ganciclovir (G235000). 2’-Monodehydroxy-2’-chloro Ganciclovir is a sugar modified acyclic analogue of guanosine (G837900). Studies have shown 2’-Monodehydroxy-2’-chloro Ganciclovir has potential to exhibit virucidal activity. Iso mono chloro ganciclovir<br>References Martin, J.C., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 29, 1384 (1986);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Lamivudine EP Impurity J<br>Applications (2R-cis)-1-[2-(Hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione (Lamivudine EP Impurity J) is an impurity of Lamivudine (L172500). (2R-cis)-1-[2-(Hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione is also being further studied to determine its potential as an anti-HIV agent.<br>References Jeong, L., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 36, 181 (1993)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Capecitabine EP Impurity D<br>Applications 5'-Deoxy-5-fluoro-N-[(2-methylbutoxy)carbonyl]cytidine (Capecitabine EP Impurity D) is a Capecitabine analog which shows antitumor activity.<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiester<br>References Voegtli, W., et al.: Biochemistry, 39, 15365 (2000), Bernstein, N., et al.: Mol. Cell, 17, 657 (2005), Blondal, T., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 280, 5188 (2005), Shenoy, A., et al.: J. Mol. Biol., 365, 211 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications An impurity of Emtricitabine synthesis.<br></p>