Sulfonamides and Derivatives

<p>Applications The major labelled metabolite of Indomethacin.<br>References Lewis, R., et al.: J. Clin. Invest., 53, 1607 (1974), Alvan, G., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 18, 364 (1975), Mungall, D., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 73, 1000 (1984), Baldwin, S., et al.: Xenobiotica, 25, 261 (1995),<br></p>

<p>Applications A deuterated metabolite of the drug Sulfathiazole.<br></p>

<p>Impurity Etodolac EP Impurity E<br>Applications 8-Propyl Etodolac (Etodolac EP Impurity E) is an impurity in the synthesis of Etodolac (E933100), may have use in the treatment of myeloma. COX-1/COX-2/β-catenin inhibitors.<br>References Humber, L.G., et al.: Med. Res. Rev., 7, 1 (1987); Balfour, J.A, et al.: Drugs, 42, 274 (1991); Kato, et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 53 1679 (2001);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A labelled metabolite of Tolbutamide. Formed by the cytochrome CYP2CIIC8 and IIC9 subfamily of P450 enzymes.<br>References Relling, etl al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 252, 442 (1990), Parent, et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 261, 780 (1992), Ho, et al.: Life Sci., 52, 21 (1993),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 5-Amino-3-(4-sulfonylphenyl)salicyclic Acid Sodium Salt is an impurity of mesalamine (M258100), which is the active metabolite of Sulfasalazine (S699084). Anti-inflammatory (gastrointestinal).<br>References Friedman, G., et al.: Am. J. Gastroenterol., 81, 141 (1986); Tursi A., Expert Opin. Pharmacother., 6, 69 (2005);<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-[(4-Aminophenyl)sulfonyl]benzenamine is an impurity of Dapsone (D193250), an antibacterial used in the treatment of dermatitis herpetiformis.<br>References Francis, J., et al.: Br. J. Pharmacol., 5, 565 (1950); Uetrecht, J., et al.: Clin. Dermatol., 7, 111 (1989); Reszka, K., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 22, 1137 (2009); Santos, J., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 17, 3795 (2009);Varma, M., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 52, 4844 (2009)<br></p>

<p>Applications (S)-4-Hydroxy-2-(3-methoxypropyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno[3,2-e][1,2]thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1,1-Dioxide has been used as a reactant for the preparation of Brinzolamide (AL-4862) [B677600], a topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor.<br>References Conrow, R.E., et. al.: Org. Process Res. Dev., 3, 114 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Applications rac-trans Dorzolamide is an impurity of Dorzolamide (D535100).<br>References Casini, A., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 13, 841 (2003), Clare, B., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 13, 2197 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Amino-4'-chlorodiphenyl sulfone is a substituted 4-aminodiphenylsulfone as Escherichia coli dihydropteroate synthase inhibitor.<br>References Lopez de Compadre, R.L., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 31, 2315 (1988),<br></p>

<p>Applications Indometacin 1-Glycerin Ester was synthesized and evaluated for anti-flammatory activity in the rate paw carrageenin edema essay.<br>References Paris, Gerard. , et al.: J. Med. Chem, 23, 9 (1980)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Isotope labelled analogue of Mefruside (M205150), a diuretic used for the treatment of edema and hypertension.<br>References Johansen, A., et al.: Euro. J. Epidemiol., 27, 63 (2012); Hasegawa, Y., et al.: Blood. Press. Supple., 1, 10 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications A diruetic. An antihypertensive.<br>References Curry, C.L., et al.: Clin. Ther., 9, 47 (1986), Kiyingi, A., et al.: Lancet, 335, 29 (1990)<br></p>

<p>Applications Intermediate of Zonisamide-N-(6-hexanoic acid).<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic, Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications 1-​[1-​(4-​Chlorobenzoyl)​-​5-​hydroxy-​2-​methyl-​1H-​indole-​3-​acetate]β-​D-​Glucopyranuronic Acid is an analog of Indomethacin Acyl-β-D-glucuronide a metabolite of Indomethacin (I641000). Acyl glucuronides have been implicated in the toxicity of many xenobiotics and marketed drugs.<br>References Abid, A., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 50, 557 (1995), Gamage, N., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 90, 5 (2006), Cerveny, L., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 35, 1032 (2007), Hayeshi, R., et al.: Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 35, 383 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications Isotope labelled 4-hydroxy triamterene sulfate sodium salt a metabolite of Triamterne, a diuretic agent.<br>References Vollmer, G., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 31, 529 (1981), Gilfrich, H.J., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 25, 237 (1983),<br></p>

<p>Applications Benzeneacetonitrile is a volatile compound released from apple trees infested with light brown apple moth larvae. It is also used in the synthesis of phenobarbital (P316760), methylphenidate (M325880), and other amphetamines.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Suckling, D. et al.: J. Agr. Food. Chem., 60, 9562 (2012); Cuevas-G. et al.: Int. J. Food. Sci. Technol., 47, 1378 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications Coordination compound. Antibacterial.<br>References Bohni, et al.: Chemotherapy, 14, 195 (1969), Carr, et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 4, 585 (1973), Stober, H., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 11, 523 (1982),<br></p>

<p>Applications The main labelled metabolite of Sulfamethoxazole.<br>References Altenburger, R., et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 19, 2341 (2000), Pascoe, R., et al.: Anal. Chem., 73, 6014 (2001), Zhaohua, H., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 36, 863 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Applications (4R,6S)-4H-Thieno[2,3-b]thiopyran-4-ol, 5,6-dihydro-6-methyl-,7,7-dioxide is an analog of topically-active carbonic anhydrase inhibitor MK-507 also commonly known as Dorzolamide (D535100).<br>References Blacklock, T., et al.: J. Org. Chem., 58, 1672 (1993); Tempkin, O., et al.: Tetrahedron: Asym., 7, 2721 (1996)<br></p>

<p>Applications N-(4-Chloro-3-sulfamoylbenzoyl)-2-methylindoline is an impurity of Indapamide (I500100).<br></p>

<p>Applications Etodolac Ethyl Ester is a useful intermediate in the preparation of the new antiinflammatory drug Etodolac. Etodolac Impurity.<br>References Mizuguchi, E., et al.: Heterocycles, 46, 149 (1997); Woods, M., et al.: Org. Process Res. Dev., 4, 418 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Applications Isotope Labelled Sulfamethizole is a sulfonamide based antibiotic that exhibit bactericidal activities towards gram-negative bacteria. Sulfamehizole was shown to be effective in treating gram-negative Bacillus AmpC enzyme in elderly patients with lower respiratory tract infection and as well as against microbs responsible for tuberculosis.<br>References Mondelli, M., et al.: J. Molec. Struct., 1036, 180 (2013); Leelakrishnana, S., et al.: Adv. App. Sci. Res., 3, 3502 (2012); Ghoreishi, S.M., et al.: Anal. Lett., 46, 323 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Etodolac EP Impurity D<br>Applications 8-Isopropyl Etodolac (Etodolac EP Impurity D) is an impurity in the synthesis of Etodolac (E933100), may have use in the treatment of myeloma. COX-1/COX-2/β-catenin inhibitors, or anti-inflammatory agent.<br>References Humber, L.G., et al.: Med. Res. Rev., 7, 1 (1987); Balfour, J.A, et al.: Drugs, 42, 274 (1991); Kato, et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 53 1679 (2001);<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-Azabicyclo[3.3.0]octane Hydrochloride is a reactant in the preparation of substituted pyrimidines derivatives as novel hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitors.<br>References Xin, M. et al.: Med. Chem. Res., 23, 3784 (2014); Xin, M. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 24, 983 (2014);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Mefenamic Acid EP Impurity A<br>Applications Reagent used in the preparation of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, dyes and pesticides.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Ivachtchenko, A., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 18, 5282 (2010), Rais, R., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 53, 4749 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic, unstable in solution<br>Applications Dapsone N-β-D-Glucuronide is the glucuronide conjugate and main urinary metabolite of the antibacterial Dapsone (D193250).<br>References Andoh, B.Y.A. et al.: Xenobiotica, 4, 571 (1974); Ogiya, S. et al.: Yakug. Zas., 81, 349 (1961);<br></p>

<p>Applications Ibuprofen Ethyl Ester is a derivative of Ibuprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is known to inhibit PGH synthase-1 and PGH synthase-2 with comparable potency.<br>References Gnanarajan, G., et al.: Int. J. Pharma. Sci. Rsch., 1, 27 (2010); Busson, M., et al.: J. Int. Med Res., 14, 53 (1986); Meade, E.A., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 268, 6610 (1993); Davies, N.M., et al.: Clin. Pharmacokinet., 34, 101 (1998);<br></p>

<p>Applications Indomethacin terpenoids' esters were synthesized and assessed both in vitro and in vivo as indomethacin dermal prodrugs.<br>References Bonina,, Francesco. , et al.: European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 14, 123 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Glipizide EP Impurity C<br>Applications N-Des(5-methylpyrazinecarbonyl)-N-ethylcarboxyl Glipizide (Glipizide EP Impurity C) is an impurity of Glipizide (G410225).<br></p>

<p>Applications 6-Methylpyrazinecarboxylic Acid can be used to synthesize compounds that are active against M.tuberculosis H37Rv. Similarly, it can be used to synthesize compounds that are useful for the inhibition, prevention or therapy of tumor cell invasion, metastasis, inflammation, hepatitis, or liver dysfunction.<br>References Vontor, T., et al.: Cesk. Farm., 34, 441 (1985); Oka, K., et al.: Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho, JP 2007210926 A 20070823 (2007)<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Ibuprofen, a selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor (IC50=14.9uM). Inhibits PGH synthase-1 and PGH synthase-2 with comparable potency.<br>References Busson, M., et al.: J. Int. Med Res., 14, 53 (1986), Meade, E.A., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 268, 6610 (1993), Davies, N.M., et al.: Clin. Pharmacokinet., 34, 101 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Applications An active labelled metabolite of Glimepiride (G410150).<br>References Groop, L., et al.: Diabetes Care, 15, 737 (1992), Muller, G., et al.: Diabetes, 42, 1852 (1993), Kramer, W., et al.: Biochem. Biophys. Acta, 119, 278 (1994),<br></p>

<p>Applications Gliclazide Impurity D is a manufacturing impurity of the drug Gliclazide (G409875) which is a sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent and is used as an antidiabetic.<br>References Duhault, J., et al.: Arzneimittel-Forsch., 22, 1686 (1972), Holmes, B., et al.: Drugs, 27, 301 (1984),<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled metabolite of Dapsone (D193250).A representative lot is 73% d8, 23% d7 and 3% d6 with no d0.<br>References Shin, I., et al.: J. App. Pharmacol., 10, 193 (2002), Bhaiya, P., et al.: Toxicol. App. Pharmacol., 215, 158 (2006), Paixao, P., et al.: Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 36, 544 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications Ethyl Chlorthalidone is an impurity of Chlorthalidone (C427500). Chlorthalidone is used as a diuretic; an antihypertensive.<br>References Beisenherz, et al.: Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. Ther., 161, 76 (1966), Zsoter, et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 180, 723 (1972), Singer, J.M., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 14, 1 (1985),<br></p>

<p>Applications An active metabolite of Glimepiride.<br>References Muller, G., et al.: Diabetes, 42, 1852 (1993), Kramer, W., et al.: Biochem. Biophys. Acta, 119, 278 (1994),<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,​2-​Benzisoxazol-​3-​ylacetic Acid is a synthetic auxin and an intermediate in the synthesis of Zonisamide (Z700000).<br>References Branca, C., et al.: Plant Cell Tiss. Org., 21, 17 (1990); Branca, C., et al.: Plant Cell Rep., 12, 121 (1993)<br></p>

<p>Applications Indomethacin Acyl-β-D-glucuronide is a metabolite of Indomethacin (I641000). Acyl glucuronides have been implicated in the toxicity of many xenobiotics and marketed drugs.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Abid, A., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 50, 557 (1995), Gamage, N., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 90, 5 (2006), Cerveny, L., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 35, 1032 (2007), Hayeshi, R., et al.: Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 35, 383 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Glipizide EP Impurity G<br>Applications Methyl 4-[β-(5-Methylpyrazine-2-carboxamido)ethyl]benzene Sulfonamide Carbamate (Glipizide EP Impurity G) is an intermediate in the synthesis of Glipizide (G410225).<br>References Bakshi, M., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 36, 769 (2004), Youssef, N., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 55, 541 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Methyl-2H-1,2-benzothiazin-4(3H)-one 1,1-Dioxide is an intermediate used in the synthesis of Amido Methyl Meloxicam (A576790), which is an impurity of Meloxicam (M216100).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Lazer, E., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 40, 980 (1997),<br></p>

<p>Applications BIS(4-NITROPHENYL) SULFONE (cas# 1156-50-9) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-Methoxy Acetaminophen-d3 is deuterium labeled 3-Methoxy Acetaminophen (M226050). 3-Methoxy Acetaminophen is a metabolite of Acetaminophen (A161220), an analgesic and antipyretic agent used as a pain reliever to treat headache, muscle aches, and arthritis (1,2,3).<br>References (1) McGill, M. R. and Jaeschke, H. Pharm Res. 30, 2174 (2013)(2) Fairbrother, J.E., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 3, 1 (1974) (3) Hinson, J.A., et al.: Rev. Biochem. Toxicol., 2, 103 (1980)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Glipizide EP Impurity F<br>Applications [2-[4-(Aminosulfonyl)phenyl]ethyl]carbamic Acid Ethyl Ester (Glipizide EP Impurity F) is a Glipizide (G410225) impurity.<br></p>

<p>Impurity Glipizide EP Impurity E<br>Applications 5-Desmethyl-6-methyl Glipizide (Glipizide EP Impurity E) is a Glipizide (G410225) impurity.<br>References Hoizey, G., et al.: Clin. Chem., 51, 1666 (2005), Singh, S., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 41, 1037 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications Intermediate in the preparation of Indomethacin<br>References Kalgutkar, A.S., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 13, 6810 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Methyl-4-(1-methylethoxy)-N-2-pyridinyl-2H-1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxamide 1,1-Dioxide is an impurity of Piroxicam (P510000), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory with long half-life.<br>References Carty, T.J., et al.: Prostaglandins, 47, 55 (1980); Brogden, R.N., et al.: Drugs, 22, 165 (1981); Mihalic, M., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 15, 509 (1986); Laneauville., O., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 271, 927 (1994)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Nitrophenyl Phenyl Sulfide is used in the study of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors of HIV-1.<br>References Chan, J., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 44, 1866 (2001); McMahon, J., et al.: Antimicro. Agents Chemother., 37, 754 (1993)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Mefenamic acid metabolite.<br>References Besunder, J., et al.: Clin. Pharmacokinet., 14, 261 (1988), Smith, P., et al.: Drug Metab. Dipos., 18, 639 (1990), Kraus, D., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 54, 351 (1993), Sato, J., et al.: Biol. Pharm. Bull., 16, 811 (1993),<br></p>

<p>Applications The major hydroxylated metabolite of Gliclazide (G409875).<br>References Miyazaki, H., et al.: Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet., 8, 117 (1983), Rieutord, A., et al.: Xenobiotica, 25, 1345 (1995),<br></p>

<p>2-Hydroxy-5-[2-[4-(2-imino-1(2H)-pyridinyl)phenyl]diazenyl]-benzoic acid (DPC) is a drug product that is used in pharmaceutical research and development. It is an impurity standard for HPLC analysis. DPC has been shown to be a metabolite of the drug product 2,6-dimethoxy-N-(3-methylphenyl)pyrimidine-4,6-diamine (DMX), which is used in the treatment of cancer. Impurities standards are important for ensuring the quality of drugs and ensuring that they are safe for human use. This product can also be synthesized from commercially available amino acids.</p>

<p>N-Acetyl zonisamide is a drug that is used in the treatment of epilepsy. It has a broad spectrum of activity and has been shown to be effective against seizures caused by both genetic and acquired conditions. N-Acetyl zonisamide's mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it may involve inhibition of carbonic anhydrase, modulation of serotonergic systems, and antagonism at adenosine receptors. Zonisamide also binds to glutamate and dopamine receptors in the brain, which may contribute to its clinical effects.</p>

<p>Hydrocortisone EP Impurity H is an analytical standard that is used as an impurity in the production of hydrocortisone. It has been shown to have a purity level of 99.5% and can be used as a reference standard for HPLC analysis. Hydrocortisone EP Impurity H can also be used as a reference standard for drug product development, API impurities, and drug metabolite identification.</p>

<p>Aceclofenac ethyl ester is a prodrug of diclofenac. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that alleviates the symptoms of pain, stiffness, and swelling. It exerts its effects by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. Aceclofenac ethyl ester has minimal systemic absorption when administered orally, which reduces the risk of side effects such as stomach upset and kidney damage. The pharmacopoeia provides an efficient method for preparing this compound by reacting diclofenac with magnesium stearate in a solvent containing an organic amine or alcohol at temperatures below 50°C (122°F). Aceclofenac ethyl ester may contain impurities such as benzyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, or magnesium stearate.</p>

<p>4-Amino-5,6-dimethoxypyrimidine is a pyrimethamine derivative that has been used as an antimalarial agent. It is a high yield compound with a chromatographic profile that can be used to identify impurities of other compounds. 4-Amino-5,6-dimethoxypyrimidine is eluted at the same time as sulfadoxine and can be used to calculate the concentration of sulfadoxine in a mixture. It can also be used as a reagent for rp-hplc. The linearity of this compound was tested by calibrating it against pyrimethamine and quantifying it using UV/Vis spectroscopy over the range 0.05 to 1 mg/mL.</p>

<p>Ibuprofen EP impurity H is an impurity of ibuprofen. It is a white crystalline powder with a melting point of 182-184°C and a molecular weight of 253.3. Ibuprofen EP impurity H can be synthesized in high purity by reacting 4-bromobenzenesulfonyl chloride with 2-hydroxybenzoic acid in the presence of triethylamine. This impurity has been used as a standard for drug product analysis, pharmacopoeia standards, drug development, and metabolism studies. Ibuprofen EP impurity H can be identified by HPLC using a retention time of 17.2 minutes and an UV absorption maximum at 254 nm.</p>

<p>Bromfenac sodium imp-B is an analytical standard that is used in drug development and research to measure the concentration of bromfenac in pharmaceutical products. Bromfenac sodium imp-B is a white to off-white crystalline powder with a melting point of about 230°C. It is soluble in methanol, ethanol, and acetone, but insoluble in water. Bromfenac sodium imp-B can be synthesized from the corresponding bromo acid chloride.</p>

<p>Aceclofenac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that inhibits the production of prostaglandins, which are produced by inflammatory cells in response to tissue injury. It is used to treat pain and inflammation. Aceclofenac is absorbed quickly from the gastrointestinal tract and has a high bioavailability. The maximum plasma concentration is reached within 1 hour after oral administration. Aceclofenac has a short half-life of about 2 hours. This drug binds to fatty acids and hepatoprotective substances, such as polymers, pyruvic transaminase, acetate extract, and humans. It also inhibits the transcription of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which produces prostaglandins that are involved in various aspects of inflammation.</p>

<p>Torasemide EP Impurity D is a drug product or impurity. It is an analytical standard for purity testing of torasemide. Torasemide EP Impurity D is also a metabolite of torasemide and can be found in urine as well as other tissues. It is natural, but not naturally occurring. Research and Development studies of this impurity are ongoing to determine its pharmacological activity and niche applications.</p>

<p>4-(Diethylboranyl)pyridine is a nucleophilic, anticoagulant drug. It interacts with the electronegative oxygen atoms in the guanine base of dna to form an adduct, which inhibits DNA synthesis. The hexameric cavity of 4-(Diethylboranyl)pyridine contains boron and nitrogen atoms, which are important for its activity. 4-(Diethylboranyl)pyridine also has antibacterial effects against gram-positive bacteria by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. This compound is synthetic and can be used in cocrystallized form as a single molecule or in hexameric form.</p>

<p>2-[(2,6-Dichlorophenyl)amino]benzeneacetic Acid 2-(carboxymethoxy)-2-oxoethyl ester is a drug product that belongs to the class of Custom synthesis. It is a metabolite of loratadine, an antihistamine drug. The compound is a metabolite of loratadine, which is an antihistamine drug used for the treatment of allergies. It is produced by the oxidation of loratadine by cytochrome P450 enzymes and can be detected in urine at concentrations up to 5 ng/mL. 2-[(2,6-Dichlorophenyl)amino]benzeneacetic Acid 2-(carboxymethoxy)-2-oxoethyl ester has been shown to be effective in inhibiting the growth of bacteria that are resistant to penicillin and erythromycin.</p>

<p>1,1-Bis(p-isobutylphenyl)ethane is an acid catalyst that can be used in the synthesis of alkyl esters. It is unreactive at high temperatures and can be reused many times. 1,1-Bis(p-isobutylphenyl)ethane is also a component of catalytic carbonylation reactions. It reacts with acetaldehyde to form a metal carbonyl complex, which then reacts with a carbon monoxide molecule to form an ester. Carbonylation reactions are often used to synthesize organic compounds from alkyl halides or alcohols. Carbonylation reactions are catalyzed by metal carbonyls, such as palladium and nickel complexes.</p>

<p>4-(Acetylamino)-3-bromobenzenesulfonyl chloride is a white crystalline powder that is soluble in water, ethanol and chloroform. It has an analytical standard purity of 99% or greater. This compound can be used for research and development purposes as well as for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals. The impurity profile of 4-(acetylamino)-3-bromobenzenesulfonyl chloride includes 3-acetylbenzenesulfonic acid, sodium acetate, ammonium chloride, sodium sulfite, potassium bromide, potassium iodide, potassium carbonate, and potassium citrate.</p>

<p>Meloxicam is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is used in the treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It has been shown to reduce the number of exacerbations in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Meloxicam also inhibits the production of Cox-2, which is an enzyme that produces inflammation in joints. The oral route of administration allows meloxicam to be distributed through the body. This drug is not active against ankylosing spondylitis and it should not be taken by pregnant women or children under 12 years old.</p>

<p>Ibuprofen amide is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that belongs to the class of amides. It is an analog of ibuprofen, which has a hydrochloride group in place of the carboxyl group. Ibuprofen amide inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory chemicals by blocking cyclooxygenase enzymes, which are responsible for synthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxanes. The kinetic profile of this compound was obtained using fluorescence spectroscopy. This analytical method also showed that ibuprofen amide hydrolyzes in acidic conditions, suggesting that it may be active against bacteria that are found in an acidic environment.</p>

<p>Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is used to treat arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, menstrual cramps and pain. Ibuprofen is a racemic mixture of two enantiomers, ibuprofen and S (+) -ibuprofen. The dextran sulfate method is an analytical method used to determine the concentration of ibuprofen in biological fluids such as human serum or urine. This test can be done by first treating the sample with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) to convert ibuprofen to its glucuronide conjugate. The glucuronide conjugates are then deproteinized with hydrochloric acid, which converts them into their corresponding carboxylated derivatives. This conversion allows for the separation of ibuprofen from interfering substances using preparative hplc and quantification using mass spectrometry. Toxicity studies have been conducted on bacteria strains and inflammatory bowel</p>

<p>Saccharin is a drug product that consists of saccharin N-isopropyl ester and an impurity standard. Saccharin is a synthetic sweetener that is found in the leaves of the herbaceous perennial S. dulcis, which has been used as a natural sweetener for centuries. Saccharin can be metabolized by humans to form 2-acetic acid and 4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole (MTT) as a byproduct. The metabolite MTT may cause cancer in animals, but this has not been confirmed in humans. The pharmacopoeia specifies the purity of saccharin as 98% or greater. Metabolite standards are also provided for research purposes.</p>

<p>3,4-Dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-2H-1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 1,1-dioxide is a synthetic sulfoxide that is used as an antiinflammatory drug. It is a stable compound that can be used in the production of dimethyl sulfoxide and piroxicam. The purity of this compound is greater than 99.5%.</p>

<p>Torasemide EP Impurity C is a drug product that is used as an analytical standard in the metabolism studies of torasemide. Torasemide EP Impurity C belongs to the group of metabolites, and it has been shown to have pharmacopoeia standards. Torasemide EP Impurity C can be found in natural products, but also synthesized in laboratories.</p>

<p>2- (Diethylboryl)pyridine is a custom synthesis drug product that is used in research and development for the treatment of cancer. 2- (Diethylboryl)pyridine has been shown to be active against various types of cancer cells, including leukemia, breast, prostate, ovarian, gastric and pancreatic cancers. This compound can also be used as an impurity standard for HPLC analysis.</p>

<p>Hydrochlorothiazide is a sulfonamide that inhibits the activity of the enzyme, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), which is responsible for converting angiotensin I to the potent vasoconstrictor, angiotensin II. It also has antihypertensive effects by blocking the production of aldosterone, which causes sodium retention and leads to high blood pressure. It is a byproduct in reactions with substances such as valsartan. Hydrochlorothiazide may react chemically with other medicines such as ampicillin and cefaclor.</p>

<p>The N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionamide (HPPA) is a synthetic drug that binds to the human liver. It has been shown to be effective in preventing implantation of fertilized eggs, and can be used as a diagnostic agent for determining the presence of HPPA in human liver tissue. HPPA is also used as a diluent for other drugs. The HPPA binds to chromatographic components and can be detected using electrochemical detection, which allows it to be used as a targetable probe for cancer research. HPPA is also used to study iontophoretic transport of ions across reconstituted membranes in vitro.</p>