Monosaccharides

UDP-a-D-galactose disodium salt (UDP-Gal) is a sugar-nucleotide substrate of galactosyltransferases. It’s used as the donor of galactose in the biosyntheses of glycoproteins and glycolipids. Its low cellular content is also hypothetically linked to the defective galactosylation in galactosemia.

Chromogenic substrate targeting beta-glucuronidase

1,2:5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-glucofuranose, also known as diacetone-D-glucose (DAG), is a partially protected D-glucose sugar locked in the furanose form with isopropylidene protecting groups on the 1,2 and 5,6 positions. The unprotected 3 position is ready for a variety of chemical manipulations, such as alkylation, acylation or stereo-inversion. An orthogonal protecting group could be added to the 3 position to allow deprotection of an isopropylidene and therefore manipulations of the other hydroxyl groups. Diacetone-D-glucose has been used to make fluorinated hexopyranose glycolysis inhibitors useful in the treatment of brain tumours.

1,2-Dideoxy-5-O-DMT-D-ribose is a methylation inhibitor that inhibits the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine to a substrate. This modification can be found in many biological systems, including DNA and RNA. It is also used as an intermediate in the synthesis of other compounds such as oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. 1,2-Dideoxy-5-O-DMT-D-ribose has been shown to inhibit the growth of bacteria by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. It is believed to work by binding to glycosidic bonds in bacterial cell walls, preventing the formation of new bonds and therefore inhibiting cell wall biosynthesis.
1,2 - Dideoxy - 5 - O - DMT - D - ribose can be used for fluorination reactions with various types of compounds, including sugars and other complex carbohydrates.

2-Chloro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (2CDG) is a chemical compound that has been shown to be an effective inhibitor of hypoxic tumor growth. 2CDG inhibits the production of fatty acids, which are required for cell proliferation and survival. It also has inhibitory properties on the chromatographic system and can be used as a detector in electrochemical methods. The detection of 2CDG in blood serum is used as a diagnostic tool for cancer, with a sensitivity and specificity of up to 100%. This compound has shown promising results for the treatment of hypertension and diabetes.

1,2:4,5-Di-O-cyclohexylidene-b-D-fructopyranose is a modification of the natural carbohydrate 1,2:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-b-D-fructopyranose. It is an oligosaccharide composed of three units of b-D-fructofuranose linked by α-(1,2) and β-(1,4) glycosidic bonds. The methylation and glycosylation of this saccharide can be customized to produce a wide range of products with different properties. 1,2:4,5 Di O cyclohexylidene b D fructopyranose can be used in applications such as pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.
The molecular formula for this compound is C10H14O8 and its CAS number is 18608-92-9.

D-Gluconic acid manganese salt (DGM) is a glycol ether that is used as an antimicrobial agent in the treatment of infectious diseases. It binds to the metal ions in bacterial cell walls and disrupts their function. DGM has been shown to inhibit enzymes such as phosphoglucoisomerase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and pyruvate kinase. DGM also has covalent linkages that may be involved in its antimicrobial activity. The structure of DGM has been determined by X-ray diffraction data and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, which show that it belongs to group p2.

The glucuronidation of 1-O-(trans-3-hydroxycotinine)-b-D-glucuronide ammonium salt is mediated by the enzyme UDP-glucuronosyltransferase. This reaction is catalyzed by the transfer of a glucuronic acid residue from UDP-glucuronic acid to a hydroxyl group on the side chain of 1-O-(trans-3-hydroxycotinine)-b-D-glucuronide ammonium salt. The kinetic analysis of human urine samples has shown that this reaction is significant. This metabolite can be detected in urine samples using next generation sequencing and its concentration can be used as an indicator for the consumption of tobacco or nicotine containing products. Epidemiological studies have shown that this metabolite has significant effects on cancer risk. Genotyping and genotype studies have shown that this metabolite is responsible for genetic polymorphisms that are associated with increased cancer risk.

Glycol ethers are compounds that are used as solvents and plasticizers. They have been shown to inhibit the activity of enzymes, such as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, which is involved in the conversion of glucose to phosphate. Glycol ethers also promote sugar transport by inhibiting the sodium-dependent glucose transporter (SGLT). This transport mechanism is important for maintaining normal blood sugar levels and preventing diabetic neuropathy. Glycol ethers are also anti-diabetic agents that can increase insulin sensitivity by stimulating insulin release from pancreatic beta cells and improving the response of peripheral tissues to insulin stimulation.

3-Deoxy-D-fructose is a neutral sugar that is found in the human liver and has been shown to be metabolized by cells in the target tissue. 3-Deoxy-D-fructose is used as a marker for diabetic patients, as it is present in high quantities in their blood plasma. 3-Deoxy-D-fructose can be detected with liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC/MS) methods. It has been shown to induce necrotic cell death, which may be due to its ability to produce reactive oxygen species. 3-Deoxy-D-fructose also inhibits protein synthesis by inhibiting the activity of polymerase chain reaction and hydroxylation reactions.

Competitive inhibitor of glucosylceramidase (GlcCer), which catalyses the first step in glycosphingolipid (GSL) synthesis. This compound is a promising candidate for substrate reduction therapy in Sandhoff disease, where it decreases the rate of GSL biosynthesis and counterbalances the impaired rate of ganglioside catabolism.

Competitive inhibitor of ceramide-glycosyltransferase used for substrate reduction therapy in lysosomal storage disorders. It inhibits glucosylceramide synthase, which catalyses the initial step in glycosphingolipid biosynthetic pathway. This compound delays the onset of symptoms in type 1 Gaucher disease, Sandhoff disease and Tay-Sachs disease. It also reduces brain abnormalities in mucolipidosis type IV.

N-[2-(4'-Methoxyphenylacetonitrile)]-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-pivaloyl-D-glucopyranoside is a custom synthesis of a carbohydrate. It is a synthetic saccharide that is modified by fluorination and methylation. This compound has high purity and can be custom synthesized to order.

N-Acetyl-5-bromo-3-indoxyl-2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-b-D-glucuronic acid methyl ester is a custom synthesis of an acetylated bromoglycoside. This compound is a synthetic modification of the natural product and has been shown to be effective against various bacteria. The synthesis of this compound can be achieved by the click reaction with methyl 2,2'-dithiopropionate and 5,5'-dimethoxytrityl chloride in the presence of trimethylsulfonium iodide. N—Acetyl—5—bromo—3—indoxyl—2,3,4—tri—O—acetyl--b--D--glucuronic acid methyl ester is also a monosaccharide sugar that is a carbohydrate with a high purity and modifies proteins at their active site. It also has

D-Galactose is a monosaccharide that is found in the cells of plants and animals. It can be synthesized from D-glucose by adding a D-galactose molecule to the alpha carbon of an existing glucose molecule. The resulting bond is called a glycosidic linkage. This process is called glycosylation. Glycosylation occurs when a sugar molecule reacts with another molecule, such as an amino acid, lipid, or nucleotide, to form what is known as a glycoside linkage. In this case, the sugar is D-galactose and the other molecules are either amino acids or lipids. The reaction between D-galactose and other molecules often results in polysaccharides and complex carbohydrates such as cellulose, chitin, and glycogen.
Methylation of D-galactose can produce methyl galactoside (CAS No. 1881-42-7), which