Acids and Synthetic Reagents

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications GFT-505 is a dual PPARα/δ agonist. Studies have shown that GFT-505 improves hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity in abdominally obese subjects. It may also be a potential new drug candidate for treating lipid and glucose disorders.<br>References Carious, B., et al.: Diabetes Care 36, 2923 (2013); Carious, B., et al.: Diabetes Care 34, 2008 (2011)<br></p>

<p>Applications The dopamine receptors play important role in cognition, memory, learning, and motor control (1). These receptors have been implicated as a therapeutic target for many psychiatric and neurological disorders. 2-Bromo-α-Ergocryptine is a dopamine receptor agonist and a derivative of the ergotoxin group of ergot alkaloids (2). It is also a prolactin inhibitor (3).<br>References (1) Ptácek, R., et al.: Med Sci Monit. 17, RA215 (2011) (2) Lieberman, A. N. and Goldstein, M.: Pharmacol Rev. 37, 217 (1985) (3) Nazli, K., et al.: Br J Clin Pract. 43, 322 (1989)<br></p>

<p>Applications Indium(III) Chloride is a potent genotoxic chemical that has genotoxic effect on mammalian cells both in vivo and in vitro and which may be mediated partly by inducing oxidative stress.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Lin, R., et al.: Environ. Toxicol., 28, 595 (2013); Takagi, R., et al.: J. Occup. Health, 53, 102 (2011)<br></p>

<p>Applications Intermediate used in the synthesis of a series of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors, a new target for therapy of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).<br>References Okamoto, M., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 19, 3086 (2011),<br></p>

<p>Applications α-Phenyllongifolol is an impurity in the synthesis of Longifolene (L469455) which is a constituent of black cumin seed and may exhibit anticancer and antibacterial activities.<br>References Hajhashemi, V., et al.: Phytother. Res 18, 195 (2004); Bourgou, S., et al.: S Afr J Bot 76, 210 (2010)<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Methylcyclohexanamine is a chemical reagent used in the synthesis of Mps1 kinase inhibitors used in cancer research. Also used in the synthesis of antituberculosis agents as indole-2-carboxamides.<br>References Bursavich, M. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 23, 6829 (2013); Kondreddi, R. et al.: J. Med. CHem., 56, 8849 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Amino-5-methylphenyboronic acid, pinacol ester<br></p>

<p>Applications Used in the preparation of benzothiophenes, benzofurans, and indoles useful in the treatment of insulin resistance and hyperglycemia.<br>References Chang, A., et al.: Diabetes, 32, 830 (1983), Goldstein, B. et al.: Cell Biochem., 48, 33 (1992), Sredy, J., et al.: Metabolism, 44, 1074 (1995),<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Acetamido-4-fluorophenylboronic acid, pinacol ester<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Nitrobenzoyl Chloride is used inorganic syntheses such as Michael additions. Also used in the synthesis of polysubstituted furanonaphthoquinoines.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Zhong, J. et al.: Catal. Comm., 32, 18 (2013); Wu, Z. et al.: Org. Biomol. Chem., 11, 828 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications Batyl Alcohol is used to synthesize amphiphilic alkylglycerolipids with antitumor activities. It is also used in cosmetic compounds for prevention or treatment of erythema or dermatitis or promotion of wound healing.<br>References Ukawa, K., et al.: Chem. Pharma. Bull., 37, 3277 (1989); Schoenrock, U., et al.: Ger. (1995), DE 4420625 C1 19951102.<br></p>

<p>Applications Motesanib is an oral angiogenesis inhibitor, demonstrates clinical efficacy in advanced thymoma.<br>References Rosen, L., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 25, 2369 (2007), Sherman, S., et al.: New Engl. J. Med., 359, 31 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Stability Toxic<br>Applications Sodium Tetraphenylboroate is a salt that is commonly used in inorganic and organometallic chemistry as a precipitating agent. Sodium Tetraphenylboroate is also utilized for the preparation of N-acylammonium salts and in coordination chemistry due to their favourable solubility in nonpolar sovlents and their crystallinity.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Jesson, J.P., et al.: Inorg. Syn., 20, 76 (2007); Kharitononv., S.V., et al.: J. Anal. Chem., 61, 9 (2006);<br></p>

<p>Applications tert-Butyl 4-Hydroxybutanoate is used as a reagent in the synthesis of theranostic vitamin-linker-taxoid conjugates. tert-Butyl 4-Hydroxybutanoate is also used as a reagent in the synthesis of teroxazoles as α-helix mimetics.<br>References Vineberg, J.G., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 58, 2406 (2015); Pinto Gomes, C., et al.: Eur. J. Org. Chem., 2012, 3270 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications Dirhodium tetracaprolactamate is an organometallic complex used as a catalyst in the regioselective azidation of arenes.<br>References Wang, Y.; et al.: Org. Lett., 20, 5732 (2018).<br></p>

<p>Applications 15-Crown-5 is a catalyst used in the synthesis of organic molecules and lanthanide complexes. It can induce cytotoxicity and oxidative stress markers in WI38 cells. Studies show that 15-Crown-5 is also an effective chelating agent used for removing cesium in cesium-exposed mice.<br>References Li, L. et al.: J. Organometal. Chem., 794, 231 (2015); Gonzalez-Bello, C. et al.: J. Am Chem. Soc., 137, 9333 (2015); Llobet, J.M., et al.: Metal Ions Biol. Med., 4, 487 (1996)<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications Zinc Di[bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide] is a reactant used in the assembly of pyrene-based Schiff base MII4L6 architectures.<br>References Ronson, T. et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 137, 14502 (2015); Riddell, I. et al.: Chem. Sci., 6, 3533 (2015);<br></p>

<p>Applications An Aurora kinase inhibitor, used to treat patients with chromic myeloid leukemia. It is a COVID19-related research product.<br>References Fancelli, D., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 49, 7247 (2006), Carpinelli, P., et al.: Mol. Canc. Ther., 6, 3158 (2007), Coumar, M., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 52, 1050 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Atomoxetine EP Impurity C<br>Applications p-Methyl Atomoxetine Hydrochloride (Atomoxetine EP Impurity C) is an impurity of Atomoxetine (A791400), a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor.<br>References Farid, N.A., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 25, 296 (1985), Gehlert, D.R., et al.: J. Neurochem., 64, 2792 (1995), Hwamg. et al.: Neurosci. Lett., 265, 151 (1999), Ring, B.J., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 30, 319 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Applications 5-Chloro-2-methylaminopyridine is used in the preparation of aminosulfuranes with N-heterocyclic groups.<br>References Pashinnik, V.E. et al.: Ukr. Khim. Zhur., 73, 45 (2007);<br></p>

<p>Applications γ-Butyrobetaine is a synthetic carnitine related compound used as a transporter substrate in the cloning and sequencing of human carnitine transporter 2 (CT2).<br>References Enomoto, A. et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 277, 36262 (2002);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Ytterbium(III) Trifluoromethanesulfonate functions as a catalyst in the organic synthesis of heterocycles. Also functions as a Lewis acid in variety of organic reactions.<br>References Sakhuja, R., et al.: Synthesis, 48, 4305 92016); Molander, G. A., et al.: e-EROS Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, 1 (2004)<br></p>

<p>Applications (R)-Ethyl 4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate is used in biological studies for asymmetric reduction of ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate to ethyl (R)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate with two co-existing, recombinant Escherichia coli strains.<br>References Liu, Y., et al.: Biotech. Lett., 27, 119 (2005);<br></p>

<p>Applications Tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate (cas# 429-42-5) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Omeprazole Sodium Salt is the salt analogue of Omeprazole (O635000), which binds covalently to proton pump. It inhibits gastric secretion. Used as an anttiulcerative.<br>References Muller, P., et al.: Arzneimittel-Forsch., 33, 1685 (1983); Wallmark, B., et al.: Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 778, 549 (1984); Morii, M., et al.: J. Biol. chem., 268, 21553 (1993); Ritter, M., et al.: Br. J. Pharmacol., 124, 627 (1998)<br></p>

<p>Applications ethyl 3-aminobutanoate (cas# 5303-65-1) is a useful research chemical.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br></p>

<p>Applications 1-Acetyl-1H-pyrazole-4-boronic acid, pinacol ester<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Nitro-benzeneethanol is a useful synthetic intermediate. It can be used to synthesize N-phenylethylindole carboxamides as SAR study of allosteric modulators of CB1 receptor. It can also be used to prepare 2-aza-2'-deoxyinosine-containing oligodeoxyribonucleotide duplexes.<br>References Piscitelli, F., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 55, 5627 (2012); Acedo, M., et al.: J. Org. Chem., 60, 6262 (1995)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate (cas# 16674-78-5) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Carbobenzyloxy-D-serine-beta-lactone (cas# 98632-91-8) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications Zinc Acetate is used in biological studies and pharmacological activity of motexafin gadolinium disruptions of zinc metabolism in human cancer cell lines.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Magda, D., et al.: Cancer Res., 65, 3837 (2005);<br></p>

<p>Applications Tetramethoxymethane has application within an electrolyte solution for the use of rechargeable lithium batteries. It has also been used as a reactant in the synthesis of novel anti-HIV-1 compounds.<br>References Cadger, T.G. et al.: Proc. Electrochem. Soc., 88, 699 (1988); Kazmierski, W.M. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 54, 3756 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications Bismuth Citrate is a reagent used in the preparation of nano-array wires and nanotubes. Also used in the preparation of collidal bismuth subcitrate with ulcer healing properties.<br>References Chen, R. et al.: Chem. Commun (Camb)., 21, 2265 (2006); Asato, E. et al.: Inorg. Chem., 34, 2447 (1995);<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-(2-Aminophenyl)-1H-benzimidazole is a chemical reagent used in the synthesis of small molecule inhibitors targeting ubiquitin-like domains for treatments of diseases caused by the cellular accumulation of damaged proteins. Also used in the synthesis of pharmaceutical agents targeting leishmania related parasites.<br>References Keurulainen, L. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 25, 1933 (2015); He, Y. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 23, 2798 (2015);<br></p>

<p>Applications (S)-(-)-2-Chloropropionic Acid (cas# 29617-66-1) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br></p>

<p>Applications Sodium Thiosulfate is used primarily as a medicament against cyanide poisoning, able to convert cyanide into thiocyanate, a reaction which is catalyzed by the enzyme Rhodanese. Antioxidant.<br>References Emuebie, O. et al: Aus. J. Basic App. Sci., 5, 507 (2011); Cambal, L. et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 24, 1104 (2011); Lam, X. et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 86, 1250 (1997);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 9-Mesityl-10-methylacridinium Tetrafluoroborate can be used for the synthesis of γ-butyrolactones, γ-lactams and pyrrolidines. 9-Mesityl-10-methylacridinium Tetrafluoroborate has been reported by Nicewicz et al. to mediate myriad transformations through Photoredox Catalysis. The applications include the anti-Markovnikov hydroamination of alkenes and addition of carboxylic acids to alkenes and the hydrotrifluoromethylation of styrenes using the Langlois reagent S673690.<br>References Gesmundo, N. J. et al.: Org. Lett. 17, 1316 (2015); Zeller, M. A., et al.: Org. Lett. 16, 4810 (2014); Nicewicz et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 135 (26), 9588–9591(2013)<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Acetyl-DL-Valine is an amino acid.<br>References Hirschmann R., et al.: Science, 265, 234 (1994); Gu Z. T., et al.: J. Magn. Reson., 140, 340 (1999); Bodalo, A., et al.: Enzyme Microb. Technol., 24, 381 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Applications Hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic Acid is used in the synthesis of quinolones for the benzodiazepine site of GABAA receptors. Also used in the inhibition of PCDD as well as PCB formation in co-combustion.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Nilsson, J. et al.: J. Biomed. Sci. Eng., 5, 1 (2012); Pandelova, M. et al.: J. Hazard. Mat., 149, 615 (2007);<br></p>

<p>Applications AZD 6244 and MK 2206 are targeted small-molecule drugs that inhibit MEK and AKT responses. The combination of AZD6244 and MK2206 has a significant synergistic effect on tumor growth in vitro and in vivo and leads to increased survival rates in mice bearing highly aggressive human lung tumors. Antitumor agents. Potent AKT inhibitor.<br>References Yeh, T., et al.: Clin. Cancer Res., 13, 1576 (2007), Meng, J., et al.: Cancer Biol. Ther., 8, 2073 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications 1-(2-Chloroethyl)pyrrolidine is a haloalkyl substituted pyrrolidine used in the preparation of various pharmaceutical compound such as the estrogen receptor antagonist Nafoxidine (N212800) and its analogues.<br>References Neyyarapally, A.T. et al.: Ind. J. Chem., 11, 325 (1973); Jones, C.D. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 27, 1057 (1984); Nakata, K. et al.: Molecules, 15, 6773 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications TETRAMETHYLAMMONIUM BOROHYDRIDE (cas# 16883-45-7) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic, Unstable in Solution<br>Applications 3-Hydroxymethyl-(1-oxy-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrroline) (cas# 55738-75-5) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br>References Qin, P.Z., et al.: Biochemistry, 40, 6929 (2001)<br></p>

<p>Applications 5-Ethylpyridine-2-carboxylic Acid (cas# 770-08-1) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications 4'-Bromopropiophenone is an electron-deficient aryl bromide that has the ability to self-polymerize using binary palladium catalyst. 4'-Bromopropiophenone is also used as a reagent in the synthesis of substituted 2-aminothiazoles (e.g. 2-Aminobenzothiazole [A593500]), compounds that are inhibitors of neuronal degeneration in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.<br>References Bensaid, S., et al.: Tetrahedron Lett., 52, 1383 (2011); Lagoja, I., et al.: Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 43, 386 (2011); Matsubara, K., et al.: J. Organom. Chem., 691, 3693 (2006)<br></p>

<p>Applications Diphenyl Phosphite is a reactant used in the synthesis of α-hydroxyphosphonates and α-hydroxyphosphinates for their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.<br>References Sampath, C. et al.: Phosphor. Sulfur Silicon. Rel. Elem., 191, 95 (2016);<br></p>

<p>Applications SP 2509 reduces the effect of the LSD1 binding to CoREST, resulting in increased methylation of H3K4 and driving increased expression of p21, p27 and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α in acute myeloid leukemia cells. Anti-leukemia agent.<br>References Sorna, V. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 56, 9496 (2013); Fiskus, W. et al.: Leukemia, 11, 2155 (2014);<br></p>

<p>Applications AMG 337 is a potent and selective inhibitor of mesencymal epethelial transition factor (MET factor) which has been implicated in several cancers.<br>References Boezio, A. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 59, 2326 (2016);<br></p>

<p>Applications Lithium hydroxide is a reagent that is used in the synthesis of O-Desmethyl Mebeverine Acid O-β-D-Glucuronide.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br></p>

<p>Applications (2R)-2-[Bis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl][(trimethylsilyl)oxy]methyl]-pyrrolidine is often used as a catalyst in organocatalytic Michael addition reactions.<br>References Veerasamy, N., et al.: J. Org. Chem., 78, 4779 (2013); Liu, R., et al.: Org. Lett., 15, 2266 (2013); Veerasamy, N., et al.: Org. Lett., 14, 1596 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications Entinostat is an emerging HDACi (histone deacetylase inhibitor). Entinostat is used for treatment of solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. Potent Histone deacetylase inhibitor.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Hu, E., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 307, 720 (2003), Maggio, S., et al.: Cancer Res., 64, 2590 (2004), Gojo, I., et al.: Blood, 109, 2781 (2007), Xu, W; Oncogene, 26, 5541 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications (S)-2-AMINO-1,1-DIPHENYL-1-PROPANOL (cas# 78603-91-5) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications Protected Propargyl. A possible genotoxic compound that can affect the bacterial and mammalian cell systems.<br>References Glowienke, S. et al., Mutat. Res. Genet. Tox., 581, 23 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications 2-Acetamido-5-nitrophenylboronic acid, pinacol ester<br></p>

<p>Applications Trimethylamine N-Oxide Dihydrate is as an oxygen transfer agent used to promote heterometallic cluster catalyzing coordinative hydrogenation. Trimethylamine N-Oxide Dihydrate is also used as a catalyst in the preparation of thermally stable TiO2 nanorod incorporated polymers and semiconductor/metal nanocomposites.<br>References Li, Q. et al.: Fen. Cuihua, 12, 1 (1998); Patra, N. et al. Polym. Degrad. Stab., 96, 1377 (2011); Cozzoli, P.D. et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 126, 3868 (2004);<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-(2,3-Dimethoxyphenyl)butanoic acid is a butyrate analogue with effects on apoptosis, proliferation and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity in HT-29 colorectal cancer cells.<br>References Scheppach, W., et al.: Eur. J. Cancer, 31A, 1077 (1995), Wu, J., et al.: J. Lipid Res., 46, 1944 (2005), Kiefer, J., et al.: Br. J. Nutr., 96, 803 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications Reducing reagent.<br></p>

<p>Stability No Data available<br>Applications An experimental drug meant to control lipids and increase the level of HDL, or good cholesterol, in the bloodstream.A cell-permeable, thiazolyl compound that acts as a potent, high affinity, PPARδ agonist. Exhibits selectivity for PPARδ compared to PPARα and PPARγ. Does not exibit any activity against other nuclear or non-nuclear receptors. Reported to increase cholesterol efflux and ABAC1 expression in macrophages, fibroblasts, and intestinal cells. GW 501516 has been found to enhance endurance in mice without any training.<br>References Oliver, W.R., et al.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA, 98, 5306 (2001), Sznaidman, M.L., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 13, 1517 (2003), Wang, Y.X., et al.: Cell, 113, 159 (2003); Chem. and Eng. News, p. 9, May 8, 2017<br></p>

<p>Applications Reagent commonly used in organic chemistry for the introduction of the BOC protecting group.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br></p>

<p>Applications 2,5-Dimethoxythiophenol is a thiophenol derivative used in the preparation of dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors and potential antitumor agents.<br>References Gangjee, A. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 52, 4892 (2009); Gangjee, A. et al.: Biiorg. Med. Chem., 18, 953 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-(Methylthio)benzaldehyde, is a building block for the synthesis of various pharmaceutical and biologically active compounds. It can be used for the synthesis of sulfur-containing terpyridine ligands. It is the intermediate for the synthesis of a class of pyrrole derivatives showing analgesic/anti-inflammatory activity.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Romashkina, R. B., et al.: Russian Chemical Bulletin, 61, 2265 (2012); Battilocchio, C., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 21, 3695 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications 5-Methylsalicylamide (cas# 39506-61-1) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications (E)-2-Thiopheneacrylic Acid is used in the synthesis of anti-HIV HEPT analogs. Also used in the synthesis of benzimidazole and caffeine (C080100) analogs as inhibitors of monoamine oxidase B.<br>References Pontikis, R. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 40, 1845 (1997); van den Berg, D. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 15, 1692 (2007);<br></p>