Triterpenes (C₃₀)

Demethylzeylasteral exhibits strong inhibition towards UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A6 and 2B7, and the inhibition kinetic parameters (Ki) are calculated to be 0.6 uM and 17.3 uM for UGT1A6 and UGT2B7, respectively. Demethylzeylasteral has antimicrobial, strong immunosuppressive, and antifertility activities; it concentration-dependently and in a partially reversible manner can inhibit the Ca(2+) current in spermatogenic cells with an IC(50) of 8.8 microg/ml, and it also can inhibit significantly the sperm acrosome reaction initiated by progesterone.

Hosenkoside K is a natural product from impatiens balsamina.

Soyasaponin Aa and soyasaponin Ab dose-dependently markedly inhibit adipocyte differentiation and expression of various adipogenic marker genes, through the downregulation of the adipogenesis-related transcription factors PPARγ and C/EBPα in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

Polygalasaponin F (PG-F), a triterpenoid saponin isolated from Polygala japonica, can induce long-term potentiation in adult rat hippocampus via NMDA receptor activation.

Taraxerol, a triterpenoid compound, has potent anti-inflammatory effects,it downregulates the expression of proinflammatory mediators in macrophages by interfering with the activation of TAK1 and Akt, thus preventing NF-κB activation.

Celosin H, celosin I, and celosin J could be used as chemical markers for the quality control of C. argentea seeds. Celosin I exhibited significant hepatoprotective effect on carbon tetrachloride-induced and N,N-dimethylformamide-induced hepatotoxicity in mice.

Euscaphic acid, isolated from roots of Rosa rugosa, inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses by interference with the clustering of TRAF6 with IRAK1 and TAK1, resulting in blocking the activation of IKK and MAPKs signal transduction to downregulate NF-κB activations.

Oxidization and hydroxylation are the common metabolic pathways for Ganoderic acid B.

Bevirimat

Macranthoidin B is a major bioactive saponin in rat plasma after oral administration of extraction of saponins from Flos Lonicerae.