Steroids and Derivatives

<p>Applications Estradiol Cypionate is present in injectable contraceptive formulations. Used in hormone replacement therapy with potential for improving cognition in post-menopausal women.<br>References Thurman, A. et al.: Contra., 87, 738 (2013); Sales, J. et al.: Theriogen., 78, 510 (2012); Rapp, P. et al.: J. neurosci., 23, 5708 (2003);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Progesterone EP Impurity B<br>Applications Δ4-Pregnen-20α-ol-3-one (Progesterone EP Impurity B) is the main metabolite of Progesterone (P755900). Studies shows regulation of estrogen receptor levels in breast cancer by Δ4-Pregnen-20α-ol-3-one and other progesterone metabolites.<br>References Zhang, L. et al.: Yaoz. Xueb., 39, 613 (2004); Pawlak, K.J. et al.: J. Steroid. Biochem. Mol. Biol., 107, 172 (2007);<br></p>

<p>Applications 11-Dehydrocorticosterone is a precursor to corticosterone (C695700), converted by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) which plays a role in glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance.<br>References Morgan, S. et al.: Diabetes, 58, 2506 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Applications Tetrahydrocorticosterone is a urinary steroid metabolite that decreases in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Tetrahydrocorticosterone is a potential biomarker of pathol. adrenal function.<br>References Poor, V., et. al.: Chromatographia, 60, S165 (2004); Kotlowska, A., et. al.: J. Chromatogr. B, 879, 359 (2011)<br></p>

<p>Applications Steroid hormone produced by the corpus luteum. Induces maturation and secretory activity of the uterine endothelium; suppresses ovulation. Progesterone is implicated in the etiology of breast cancer.<br>References Anderson, E., et al.: Breast Cancer Res., 4, 197 (2002), Lanari, C., et al.: Breast Cancer Res., 4, 240 (2002), Albrecht, E.D., et al.: Front. Biosci., 8, 416 (2003), Qiu, M., et al.: J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 85, 147 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Equilin (E592800).<br>References Enmark, E., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 82, 4258 (1997), Wang, Z., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 43, 2419 (2000), Jiang, X., et al.: Steroids, 71, 334 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications Danazol is an anterior pituitary supressant. Danazol is an anabolic steroid derivative of ethisterone, with mild androgenic side effects (an impeded androgen). Antigonadotropin.<br>References Ahn, Y.S., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 308, 1396 (1983),<br></p>

<p>Applications Dutasteride is a dual inhibitor of 5α-reductase isoenzymes type 1 and 2; structurally related to Finasteride (F342000). Dutasteride is used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.<br>References Bakshi, R.K., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 38, 3189 (1995), Gisleskog, P.O., et al.: Brit. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 47, 53 (1999), Djavan, B., et al.: Expert Opin. Pharmacother., 6, 311 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Norgestimate. Note- The oxime isomerizes when: 1) Heated in any solvent or heating the crystalline form 2) Dissolved in MeOH at room temperature very quickly 3) Dissolved in acetone or CHCl3 at room temperature in a couple of hours at room temperature4) In EtOAc or EtOAc/isooctane over a couple of days at RT. It is stable in the crystalline form.<br>References Phillips, A., et al.: Steroids, 55, 373 (1990)<br></p>

<p>Applications 6β-Hydroxycortisone can be used as a probe to detect inhibition of CYP3A4 in vivo.<br>References Peng, C.C., et. al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 89, 888 (2011)<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications 17β-Estradiol (E888000) metabolite. An inhibitor of androstenedione aromatization, which is responsible for the conversion of androgens to estrogens. Agonistic ligands for the estrogen receptor in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.<br>References Numazawa, M. et al.: J. Steroid. Biochem. Mol. Biol., 96, 51 (2005); Vollmer, G. et al.: J. Seroid. Biochem. Mol. Biol., 39, 359 (1991); Brueggemeier, R. et al.: J. Steroid. Biochem., 21, 709 (1984)<br></p>

<p>Impurity USP Exemestane Related Compound A<br>Applications 1,2-Dihydro Exemestane is a related compound of Exemestane (E957000).<br>References Johannessen, D., et al.: Clin. Cancer Res., 3, 1101 (1997), Kaufmann, M., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 18, 1399 (2000), Coombes, R., et al.: Lancet, 369, 559 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications Prednisolone 17-Acetate is an intermediate in the preparation of anti-inflammatory drugs.<br>References Yoon, Kyoung-Jin, et al.: Steroids, 60(7), 445-51 (1995);Uszycka-Horawa, Teresa, et al.: Pol., PL 161012 B1 19930531 (1993)<br></p>

<p>Applications A glucocorticoid anti-inflammatory agent. Regulates T cell survival, growth, and differentiation. Inhibits the induction of nitric oxide synthase.<br>References Wershil, B.K., et al.: Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol., 107, 323 (1995), Riccardi, C., et al.: Cell Death Diff., 6, 1182 (1999), Llanos, S.L. and Roldan, A.: Bio Cell, 23, 29 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Applications 4β-Hydroxy Cholesterol-d7 is a labelled metabolite of Cholesterol. It is formed from Cholesterol by the drug-metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P 450 3A4. A potential ligand for the nuclear receptor LXR and also a new endogenous CYP3A marker.<br>References Breuer, O., et al.: J. Lipid Res., 36, 2275 (1995), Pikuleva, I., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 273, 18153 (1998), Chawla, A., et al.: Science, 294, 1866 (2001), Bodin, K., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 276, 38685 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Etiocholanolone.<br>References Eriksson, H., et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 15, 132 (1970), Cook, D., et al.: Endocrinology, 93, 1019 (1973),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Norethindrone EP Impurity G<br>Applications Norethindrone (N676000) epimer. Norethindrone and acetate is used in combination with estrogen as contraceptive (oral). Norethindrone EP Impurity G.<br>References Angel, P., et al.: Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 1072, 129 (1991), Chenu, C., et al.: J. Cell Biol., 127, 1149 (1994), Schmidt, M., et al.: J. Endocrinol., 158, 401 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Budesonide EP Impurity E<br>Applications 14,15-Dehydro Budesonide (Budesonide EP Impurity E) is a Budesonide (B689490) impurity.<br>References Aherne, G., et al.: J. Steroid Biochem., 17, 559 (1982), Assi, K., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 41, 325 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications (5α)-Pregnane-3,20-dione exerts neuroprotective effects in chronic autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The neuroactivity of the steroid acts as a therapeutic agent for multiple sclerosis.<br>References Caruso, D. et al.: J. Neuroendocrinol., 24, 851 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled progestogen with low androgenic potency.<br>References Viinikka, L., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 15, 349 (1979), Bergink, E.W., et al.: J. Steroid Biochem., 14, 175 (1981)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Prednisolone EP Impurity G<br>Applications 20(S)-Hydroxy Prednisolone (Prednisolone EP Impurity G) is a Prednisolone (P703740) metabolite.<br>References Kim, H., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 30, 2239 (1987), Addison, R., et al.: J. Steroid Biochem., Mol. Biol., 39, 83 (1991),<br></p>

<p>Applications ∆4-Tibolone derivative. A potential impurity of ∆4-Tibolone (T437505).<br>References Grunwell, J.F., et al.: Steroids, 27, 759 (1976),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Diethylstilbestrol.<br>References Liehr, J.G., et al.: Steroids, 40, 713 (1982),<br></p>

<p>Applications Cholesterol is a major component of all biological membranes; ~25% of total brain lipid is Cholesterol. Cholesterol is the principal sterol of the higher animals. Cholesterol was found in all body tissues, especial in the brain, spinal cord, and in animal fats or oils. Cholesterol is the main constituent of gallstones. This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs).<br>References Rosin, Z., et al.: Physiol. Chem., 124, 282 (1923), Schoenheimer, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 105, 355 (1934), Gemant, et al.: Life Sci., 1, 233 (1962), Johnson, K., et al.: 4, 457 (1964),<br></p>

<p>Stability Isomerizes rapidly in Benzene, Chloroform, and Ether.Keep Shielded from light.<br>Applications A synthetic, nonsteroidal estrogen.Recomended solvents are DMSO, DMF and ethanol, even in these solvents do not store in solution for any prolonged period of time.<br>References White, W. A. et. al.: J. Agric. Food Chem. 19(2), 388-390 (1971).<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Fulvestrant (F862500).<br>References Rao, P., et al.: J. Steroid Biochem., 25, 417 (1986), Wakeling, A., et al.: J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 43, 173 (1992), DeFriend, D., et al.: Cancer Res., 54, 408 (1994),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Androstenedione (A637550).<br>References Gazdar, A., et al.: Cancer Res., 50, 5488 (1990), Levesque, J., et al.: Steroids, 70, 305 (2005), Lootens, L., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 37, 2367 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications Digoxin derivative, a cardiotonic glycosides steroid.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Yoshida, F., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 43, 2575 ( 2000), Turner, J., et al.: Pharm. Res., 21, 68 (2004), Wang, J., et al.: Anal. Chim. Acta, 601, 156 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications The major metabolite of Deflazacort.<br>References Bernareggi, A., et al.: J. Pharma. Biomed. Anal., 5, 177-81 (1987), Assandri, A., et al.: Xenobiotica, 13(3), 185 (1983), Martinelli, E., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 7, 335 (1979),<br></p>

<p>Applications 5-Androsten-3,17-dione has been used in the synthetic preparation of androstenediones for treatment of hormone-related disorders.<br>References Davies, H., et al.: U.S. (2011), WO 2011127232 A2<br></p>

<p>Applications Anti-inflammatory.<br>References Phillips, et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 20, 522 (1971), Sanen, F.J., et al.: Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Biopharm., 12, 174 (1975), Tarayre, J.P., et al.: Pharmacol., 19, 323 (1979).<br></p>

<p>Applications Glucocorticoid; anti-inflammatory.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Sammul, et al.: J. Assoc. Off. Agric. Chem., 47, 952 (1964), Brunmair, B., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap., 311, 109 (2004), Emerson, M.V., et al.: BioDrugs, 21, 245 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Hydroxytestosterone is an anabolic steroid and does not have any therapeutic indication. 4-Hydroxytestosterone is metabolite of the aromatase inhibitor Formestane (F692250). 4-Hydroxytestosterone concentration in the urine can be used as a biomarker for steroid misuse.Controlled Substance.<br>References Kohler, M. et al.: Steroids, 72, 278 (2007); Brodie, A.M. et al.: J. Steroid. Biochem., 14, 693 (1981); Van Renterghem, P. et al.: Steroids, 75, 154 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Dutateride EP Impurity C<br>Applications Ethyl 3-Oxo-4-aza-5α-androst-1-ene-17β-carboxylate (Dutateride EP Impurity C) is a compound synthesized in the production of azasteroids. Used in the inhibition of 5α-reductase and of androgen receptor binding, both major effecters in the male hormonal system.<br>References Ramusson, G. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 29, 2298 (1986);<br></p>

<p>Applications Dihydro Dutasteride is an impurity arose during the process development of Dutasteride (D735000).<br>References Solomons, W., et al.: J. Pharma. Sci., 63, 19 (1974), Rasmusson, G., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 29, 2298 (1986),<br></p>

<p>Applications Betamethasone Acid is a derivative of Betamethasone (B327000), a gluccocorticoid used as an anti-inflammatory agent.<br>References Ferrante, M.G., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 6, 43 (1977), Li, A., et al.: Chem. Biol. Interact., 142, 7 (2002), Cruz-Monteagudo, M., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 40, 1030 (2005), Rothfuss, A., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 19, 1313 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Budesonide EP Impurity C, Budesonide Impurity C,<br>Applications 16α,17-[(1RS)-butylidenebis(oxy)]-11β-hydroxy-17-(hydroxymethyl)-D-homoandrosta-1,4-diene-3,17a-dione (Budesonide EP Impurity C) is an impurity of Budesonide (B689490), an antiinflammatory agent.<br>References Ferraboschi, P. et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 47, 636 (2008);<br></p>

<p>Applications 6α-Methyl-9α-fluoro-11β,17α-dihydroxyprogesterone is an impurity of Fluorometholone (F593145), a glucocorticoid; anti-inflammatory.<br>References Kupferman, A., et al.: Arch. Ophthlmol., 640, 100 (1982), Tokunaga H., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 32, 4012 (1984),<br></p>

<p>Applications A potent inhibitor of estrone sulfatase. Inhibits estrone sulfatase &gt;99% at 0.1uM in intact MCF-7 cells, IC50=65pM.<br>References Woo, L.W., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 41, 1068 (1998)<br></p>

<p>Applications Bexarotene is a selective retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonist and an antineoplastic agent (1,2,3).<br>References (1) Boehm, M.F., et al.: J. Med. Che., 37,2930 (1994) (2) Gottardis, M.M., et al.: Cancer Res., 56, 5566 (1996) (3) Mukherjee, R., et al.: Nature, 386, 407 (1997)<br></p>

<p>Applications It is a synthetic 17-lactone steroid which is a renal competitive aldosterone antagonist in a class of pharmaceuticals called potassium-sparing diuretics, used primarily to treat ascites in patients with liver disease, low-renin hypertension, hypokalemia, and Conn’s syndrome. A representative lot was 19% d3; 47% d6; 12% d7; 7% d8; 3% d9; 3% d10 and 8% d11.<br>References Sutter, J.L., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 4, 431 (1975),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Mifepristone.<br>References Heikinheimo, O., et al.: J. Steroid Biochem., 26, 279 (1987), Brogden, R., et al.: Drugs, 45, 384 (1993), Shi, Y., et al.: Contraception, 48, 133 (1993), Jang, G., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 52, 753 (1996), Gainer, E., et al.: Steroids, 68, 1005 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Applications The major metabolite of the progestational agent Norgestrel (N689500).<br>References DeJongh, D.C. et al.: Steroids, 11, 649 (1968); Uniyal, J.P. et al.: Acta Endocrinol., 84, 155 (1977); Sisenwine, S.F. et al.: Drug Metab. Disp., 7, 1 (1979);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic, Unstable in Solution<br>Applications (αR,​1S,​3S,​4R)​-α,​4-​Dimethyl-​2-​oxo-​3-​(3-​oxobutyl)​-​cyclohexaneacetic Acid is an impurity of Artemisin (A777500), an active antimalarial constituent of the tradional Chinese medicinal herb Artemisia annua L., Compositae, which has been known for almost 2000 years as Qinghao. Antimalarial.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Klayman, D.L., et al.: Science, 228, 1049 (1985), Price, R.N., et al.: Expert Opin. Invest. Drugs, 9, 1815 (2000), Meshnick, S.R., et al.: Int. J., Parasitol., 32, 1655 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Limaprost is an analog of Prostaglandin E1 with structural modifications intended to give it a prolonged half-life and greater potency. Limaprost is used as an antianginal.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Tsuboi, T., et al.: Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn., 247, 89 (1980), Adaikan, P.G., et al.: Prostaglandins Med., 6, 449 (1981), Kottegoda, S.R., et al.: Prostaglandins Leukotrienes Med., 8, 343 (1982), Ishizaki, T., et al.: Chest, 85, 382 (1984),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Spironolactone EP Impurity E<br>Applications 7β-Spironolactone (Spironolactone EP Impurity E) is the 7β-isomer of Spironolactone (S683000). It binds effectively to human plasma proteins.<br>References Chien, Y.W. et al.: J. Pharmac. Sci., 65, 1337 (1976);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Cyproterone Acetate EP Impurity F<br>Applications Cyproterone (Cyproterone Acetate EP Impurity F) is an antiandrogen, suppresses Testosterone and its metabolites. Derivatives of Cyproterone are administered to patients suffering from hypersexuality and to help facilitate the sexual transformation of male-to-female transsexuals.<br>References Gracia, T., et al.: Toxicol. App. Pharmacol., 225, 142 (2007), Ahlin, G., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 51, 5932 (2008), Gohil, V., et al.: Nat. Biotechnol., 28, 249 (2010), Bovee, T., et al.: J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 118, 85 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications Isotope labelled 17β-Estradiol (E888000), which is the major estrogen (1) secreted by the premenopausal ovary (2).Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), environmental, and food contaminants.<br>References 1. Salole, E. et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs. 1986 15, 23 283-3182. Lievertz, R. et al.: Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1987 May;156(5):1289-93.<br></p>

<p>Impurity Clobetasol Propionate EP Impurity D<br>Applications 21-Chloro-9-fluoro-11β,17-dihydroxy-16β-methylpregn-4-ene-3,20-dione 17-Propionate (Clobetasol Propionate EP Impurity D) is an impurity of Clobetasol 17-Propionate (C583500), an topical corticosteroid with anti-inflammatory properties.<br>References Olsen, E.A., et al.: J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., 15, 246 (1986),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications A synthetic, nonsteroidal estrogen.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Al-Badr, A.A., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 19, 145 (1990),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Equilin (E592800).<br>References Enmark, E., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 82, 4258 (1997), Wang, Z., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 43, 2419 (2000), Jiang, X., et al.: Steroids, 71, 334 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Etonogestrel.<br></p>

<p>Applications Progestogen. In combination with estrogen as oral contraceptive.<br>References Hahn, D.W., et al.: Contraception, 16, 541 (1977), Weintraub, H.S., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 67, 1406 (1978),<br></p>

<p>Applications 9-Desfluoro-11-dehydroxy-9(11)-ene Triamcinolone Acetonide is an impurity of Triamcinolone Acetonide (T767165) which is an antiasthmatic (inhalant) and antiallergic (nasal).<br>References Florey, K., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 1, 397 (1972), Bernstein, I.L., et al.: Chest, 81, 20 (1982),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Estradiol. It is an estrogenic steroid synthesized exclusively by the fetal liver during human pregnancy and reaching the maternal circulation through the placenta.<br>References Gurpide, E., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol., 26, 1355 (1966), Hagen, A., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol., 30, 763 (1970), Schollberg, K., et al.: Exp. Clin. Endocrinol., 85, 204 (1985), Coelingh Bennink, H., et al.: Contraception, 77, 186 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications Isotope labelled Estrone (E889050), which is a metabolite of 17β-Estradiol (E888000). During the metabolism, it is in rapid equilibrium with Estriol (E888960) and 17β-Estradiol (E888000) (1). Causes the feminization of male fish at human and animal waste sites (2).Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), environmental, and food contaminants.<br>References 1. Both, D. et al.: Anal. Prof. Drug Subst. 1983 12 pp135-1892. Goodman-Gruen, D. et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1996 Aug;81(8):2999-3003.<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Atorvastatin, a selective, competitive HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. Atorvastatin is the only drug in its class specfically indicated for lowering both elevated LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides in patients with hypercholesterolemia.<br>References Smith, S., et al.: Am. J. Cardiol., 80, 10H (1997), Jacobsen, W., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 28, 1369 (2000), Istvan, E., et al.: Science, 292, 1160 (2001), Tabernero, L., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 278, 19933 (2003), Bratton, L., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 15, 5576 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Estradiol EP Impurity C<br>Applications 4-Methyl Estradiol (Estradiol EP Impurity C) is an impurity of Estradiol (E888000).<br>References Zhu, B., et al.: Steroids, 70, 225 (2005), Enmark, E., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 82, 4258 (1997),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A metabolite of Estradiol (E888000).<br>References Agasan, A., et al.: J. Immunol. Methods., 177, 251 (1994), Stone, R., et al.: Science, 265, 308 (1994), Tacey, R., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 2, 1303 (1994),<br></p>

<p>Applications Pregnenolone Carbonitrile is a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist that induces the expression of the CYP3A family of steroid hydroxylases and modulates sterol and bile acid biosynthesis in vivo. Pregnenolone Carbonitrile is an an activator of rat pregnane X receptor (PXR).<br>References Kliewer, S.A., et. al.: Cell, 92, 73 (1998); Savas, U., et. al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 28, 529 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Testosterone (T155000). It is a promising androgen for male hormonal contraception.CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE<br>References Glass, A., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 45, 1211 (1977), Behre, H., et al.: Eur. J. Endocrinol., 140, 414 (1999), Nieschlag, E., et al.: Steroids, 68, 965 (2003), Wang, C., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 91, 460 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Cholesterol. Its membrane organizing properties could have implications in Altzheimer’s disease.<br>References Wang, J., et al.: Biochemistry, 43, 1010 (2004), Lemaire-Ewing, S., et al.: Cell Biol. Toxicol., 21, 97 (2005), Fuda, H., et al.: J. Lipid Res., 48, 1343 ( 2007), Sasaki, H., et al.: Metabolism, 56, 357 (2007); S.L. Regen et al.: J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 131, 12354 (2009)<br></p>

<p>Applications (7α,17α)- 9,17-Dihydroxy-3-oxo-pregn-4-ene-7,21-dicarboxylic Acid Di-γ-lactone is an eplerenone (E588775) impurity. Eplerenone is a selective aldosterone receptor antagonist (SARA), structurally similar to Spiranolactone. Eplerenone is used alone or in combination with other medications to treat high blood pressure. Eplerenone is in a class of medications called mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. It works by blocking the action of aldosterone, a natural substance in the body that raises blood pressure.<br>References de Gasparo, M., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 240, 650 (1987), Delyani, J.A., et al.: Cardiovasc. Drug Rev., 19, 185 (2001), Burgess, E., et al.: Expert. Opin. Pharmacother., 5, 2573 (2004), Ravis, W.R., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 45, 810 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Testosterone Octanoate is a metabolite of testosterone (T155000), which is used in biological studies to determine the hemolytic and lipophilic activity of this anabolic steroid.<br>References Biagi, G.L., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 13, 944 (1970); Biagi, G. L., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 18, 873 (1975)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A metabolite of Exemestane (E957000).<br>References Cavalcanti, G. et al.: Steroids 76, 1010 (2011)<br></p>

<p>Applications Estrogen; antineoplastic (hormonal).<br>References Aboul-Enein, H.Y., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 11, 347 (1982),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Ethinylestradiol EP Impurity A<br>Applications 17-epi-Ethynyl Estradiol (Ethinylestradiol EP Impurity A) is the epimer derivative of Ethynyl Estradiol (E685100). An impurity.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Pomper, M., et al: J. Med. Chem., 33, 3143 (1990), Vulliet, E., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 387, 2143 (2007), Muller, M., et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 27, 1649 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications Dexamethasone-biotin is biotin labelled Dexamethasone. Dexamethasone is a glucocorticoid used as an anti-inflammatory agent. Dexamethasone regulates T cell survival, growth, and differentiation. Dexamethasone inhibits the induction of nitric oxide synthase.<br>References Wershil, B.K., et al.: Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol., 107, 323 (1995), Riccardi, C., et al.: Cell Death Diff., 6, 1182 (1999), Llanos, S.L. and Roldan, A.: Bio Cell, 23, 29 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Applications 5β-Pregnane-3α,20α-diol is a metabolite of Progesterone (P755900).<br>References Beall, et al.: Biochem. J., 31, 35 (1937), Okuda, A., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 259, 7519 (1984), Russell, D., et al.: Biochemistry, 31, 4737 (1992), Kondo, K., et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 219, 357 (1994), Westerbacka, J., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 88, 4924 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Fluocinolone Acetonide EP Impurity A<br>Applications Fluocinolone Acetonide-21-carboxylic Acid, is a derivative of Fluocinolone Acetonide (F455800), which is a Corticosteroid, used in dermatology to reduce skin inflammation and relieve itching<br>References Sammul, et al.: J. Assoc. Off. Agric. Chem., 47, 952 (1964), Emerson, M.V., et al.: BioDrugs, 21, 245 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Glucocorticoid.<br>References Ferrante, M.G., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 6, 43 (1977), Li, A., et al.: Chem. Biol. Interact., 142, 7 (2002), Cruz-Monteagudo, M., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 40, 1030 (2005), Rothfuss, A., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 19, 1313 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications Isotope labelled Ethynyl Estradiol (E685100), an oral contraceptive (1), is a synthetic steroid with high oral estrogenic potency. Used in estrogen replacement therapy (2). This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs). Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), environmental, and food contaminants.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References 1. Koetsawang, S. et al.: Contraception. 1982 March:25(3) p231-2412. Cuttler, L. et al.: J. Endocrinol. Metab. 1985 Jun;60(6):1087-92.<br></p>

<p>Impurity Budesonide EP Impurity B<br>Applications Di-Norbudesonide (Budesonide EP Impurity B) is an impurity of Budesonide (B689490), an antiinflammatory agent.<br></p>

<p>Applications Estradiol (E888000) derivative. An estrogen.<br>References Salole, E.G., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 15, 283 (1986), Lievertz, R.W., et al.: Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 156, 1289 (1987),<br></p>

<p>Applications 6β-Hydroxy-11-deoxycortisol is a corticosteroid which is a metabolite of Cortisol (H714615), a steroid hormone, more specifically a glucocorticoid, produced by the zona fasciculata of the adrenal gland. Cortisol is released in response to stress and a low level of blood glucocorticoids.<br>References Vigore, L., et al.: Cancer Ther., 6, 699 (2008), Puurunen, J., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 94, 1973 (2009), Lemos, D., et al.: J. Endocrinol., 201, 275 (2009), Chen, S., et al.: Am. J. Physiol., 296 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 4-Hydroxyestradiol 4-O-β-D-Glucuronide Sodium Salt, is a glucuronide derivative of 4-Hydroxy-17β-estradiol (H941895); a metabolite of Estradiol (E888000) which is the major estrogen secreted by the premenopausal ovary.<br>References Bucala, R., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 60, 841 (1985); Telang, N., et al.: Anticancer Res., et al.: 11, 1021 (1991); Seeger, H., et al.: Med. Sci. Res., 26, 481 (1998); Bolton, J., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 13, 135 (2000); Salole, E.G., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 15, 283 (1986); Lievertz, R.W., et al.: Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 156, 1289 (1987)<br></p>

<p>Applications A potential metabolite of STS 557 (Dienogest)(D441870). A steroid with antiglucocorticoid activity.<br>References Kloosterboer, H., et al.: J. Steroid Biochem., 31, 567 (1988),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Norgestrel. It is an excellent progestational and ovulation inhibiting steroid. The bioactive enantiomer is levorotatory. Progestogen; oral contraceptive.<br>References Sopirak, A.M., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 4, 294 (1975), Dunson, T.R., et al.: Contraception, 48, 109 (1993),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Estradiol EP Impurity A/ Ethinylestradiol EP Impurity C<br>Applications Estrone is a metabolite of 17β-Estradiol (E888000). During the metabolism, it is in rapid equilibrium with Estriol (E888960) and 17β-Estradiol (E888000) (1). Causes the feminization of male fish at human and animal waste sites (2).This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs). Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), environmental, and food contaminants.<br>References 1. Both, D. et al.: Anal. Prof. Drug Subst. 1983 12 pp135-1892. Goodman-Gruen, D. et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1996 Aug;81(8):2999-3003.<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Limaprost (L461500). Limaprost is an analog of Prostaglandin E1 with structural modifications intended to give it a prolonged half-life and greater potency. Limaprost is used as an antianginal.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Tsuboi, T., et al.: Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn., 247, 89 (1980), Adaikan, P.G., et al.: Prostaglandins Med., 6, 449 (1981), Kottegoda, S.R., et al.: Prostaglandins Leukotrienes Med., 8, 343 (1982), Ishizaki, T., et al.: Chest, 85, 382 (1984),<br></p>

<p>Applications An antitumor drug. An aromatase inhibitor.<br>References Brodie, A.M. and Njar, V.C.: Steroids, 65, 171 (2000), Lonning, P.E., et al.: J. Steroid Biochem, 77, 39 (2001)<br></p>