Enzyme Substrates

<p>5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-beta-D-glucuronic acid, sodium salt anhydrous is a potent inhibitor of histidine decarboxylase (HDC). It is used in the histochemical staining of dehydrogenase and effector proteins in urine samples. This compound has been shown to inhibit the growth of macroalgae and can be used as a selective agent for phylogenetic tree construction. 5BDG,Sr with its high specificity for HDC, also inhibits cell proliferation in plant cells and ovules.</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrate for β-D-fucosidase yielding a blue precipitate.</p>

<p>2-Nitrophenyl beta-L-fucopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate used to detect the enzymatic activity of beta-L-fucosidase. After cleavage, the nitrophenyl moiety is released exhibiting a light yellowish color. 2-Nitrophenyl beta-L-fucopyranoside is used in bacterial fucose metabolism studies to identify and quantify the enzymatic activity in, for example, Bacteroides spp..</p>

<p>6-Chloro-3-indoxyl-beta-D-glucuronic acid methyl ester is a chromogenic substrate that can be used for the detection of indoxyl glucuronide in urine and other biological fluids. 6-Chloro-3-indoxyl-beta-D-glucuronic acid methyl ester is a white or light yellow crystalline solid that is soluble in water. It has a melting point of about 80°C and is stable at pH levels ranging from 2 to 12. The CAS number for this compound is 13982-87-6.</p>

<p>Aldol® 515 caprylate is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate used for detection of lipase activity. The colorless enzyme substrate is cleaved by C8 esterases, yielding development of red coloration. In addition, red fluorescence is generated when Aldol® 355 fluorescence enhancer or a suitable matrix is present. Aldol® 515 caprylate can be used in enzyme assays and live bacterial cultures. Aldol® 515 caprylate is suitable for use in liquid and solid media, under aerobic as well as anaerobic conditions.</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl myo-inositol 1-phosphate lithium salt is a fluorogenic substrate that is used in food testing to detect the presence of glucose. It can also be used in environmental testing to measure bacterial activity and as a chromogenic substrate in diagnostic applications. 4-Methylumbelliferyl myo-inositol 1-phosphate lithium salt is also used as an enzyme substrate in the determination of conjugates, ligands, and other substances. 4-Methylumbelliferyl myo-inositol 1-phosphate lithium salt has high purity and high quality, enabling it to be used for chemiluminescence and bioluminescence reactions.</p>

<p>Aldol® 515 beta-D-xylopyranoside is a chemiluminescent ligand that can be used for the detection of beta-xylosidase activity to yield a red color.</p>

<p>Substrate for beta-galactosidase</p>

<p>This Clips-O substrate 7-(4'-L-Alaninamido)-rac-(3'-octanoyloxy)butyloxy) coumarin allows the detection of three enzymatic activities (L-alanine aminopeptidase, C8-esterase and oxidation of 4-amino-3-hydroxybutyloxy either enzymatically or by exposure to sodium periodate) with one single substrate and give a positive fluorescent signal only in presence of all activities. The main virtues of Clips-O substrates are an increased stability towards non-enzymatic hydrolysis that results in a reduced background and high sensitivity.</p>

<p>5-Bromo-4-chloro-1-methyl-3-indolyl-α-D-glucopyranoside is a fluorescent substrate used for the detection of α-glucuronidase.</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrate targeting beta-D-xylosidase.  A xylanase substrate.</p>

<p>6-Hexadecanoylamino-4-methylumbelliferyl phosphorylcholine (HMUPC) is a fluorogenic substrate of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) in the application of the diagnosis of Niemann–Pick type A and B (NPAB). NPAB is one of the lysosomal storage diseases, caused by a deficiency of ASM. This deficiency results in the accumulation of sphingomyelin and other lipids in various tissues. The assay using HMUPC as the substrate shows rapid and robust determination of ASM activity. When combined with the unlabelled natural substrate such as sphingomyelin as a specific inhibitor of ASM activity, the specificity of assay is enhanced up to the level of the classical assay with radiolabelled natural substrate. HMUPC is also used as the substrate in the ASM assay to investigate the retention of lysosomal enzyme activity of bi-functional IgG-ASM fusion protein in the delivery across blood-brain barrier.</p>

<p>p-Nitrophenylphosphorylcholine is a substrate molecule for enzymes that catalyze phospholipid biosynthesis. It is the most common substrate used to study the enzyme activity of phosphatidylcholine synthase and phospholipase A2 in human serum. The reaction mechanism is not well understood, but it appears to involve autocatalysis and an initial nucleophilic attack by p-nitrophenolate on the carbonyl carbon atom of the choline moiety. p-Nitrophenylphosphorylcholine has been shown to exhibit receptor activity on cells, which may be due to its ability to bind with basic proteins. This compound can also inhibit meiosis in Drosophila melanogaster and increase levels of natriuretic peptides in rats, as well as cause cell lysis and polymerase chain reactions in mammalian cells.</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrate for aryl-sulfatase. Yields a blue precipitate upon cleavage.</p>

<p>Aldol® 584 is a fluorogenic substrate that can be used for enzymatic and chemical assays. It is an important component of the Cymit Quimica Aldol Reagent Kit and other diagnostic kits. Aldol® 584 is used in immunoassays, such as ELISA, to measure the activity of serine proteases, including cathepsin D, elastase, and leukocyte elastase. This product has a CAS number of 2484873-11-0.</p>

<p>Aldol® 518 beta-D-galactopyranoside is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate used for detection of beta-galactosidase activity. The colorless enzyme substrate is cleaved by lactose-utilizing bacteria in liquid or solid media, yielding intense red color as well as red fluorescence when a fluorescence enhancer or a suitable matrix is present. Aldol® 518 beta-D-galactopyranoside can also be used in beta-gal reporter gene assays or for identification of beta-gal positive transformants on agar plates. Aldol® 518 beta-D-galactopyranoside can be used under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrate for N-Acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase yielding a magenta precipitate.</p>

<p>5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl thymidine (BCIT) is a chromogenic substrate that reacts with the enzyme β-galactosidase, which cleaves the BCIT to form a bromochloroindoxyl (BCI) and an indoxyl phosphate. The BCI is then detected by chemiluminescence or fluorescence. This product is used in food testing, diagnostics, environmental testing, and staining. It has been shown to be a good substrate for β-galactosidase from different sources such as calf thymus, bacteria, fungi, and plants.</p>

<p>Aldol 495 nonanoate is a bioluminescent substrate that can be used to measure the activity of Aldolase, which is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate to D-glyceraldehyde. This substrate is used in various diagnostic assays, including food testing and staining. Aldol 495 nonanoate was developed by Cymit Quimica Pharmaceuticals and has been patented by EP 2427431 and US 8940909.</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrate for β-D-Cellobiosidase yielding a salmon-colored precipitate.</p>

<p>Chlorophenol red beta-D-galactopyranoside sodium salt is a water soluble, colorless salt that is used as a substrate for the reduction of contaminants in soil and water. It can be used to measure the activity of microorganisms in the environment and has been shown to inhibit growth of certain bacteria, such as methylotrophic bacteria. Chlorophenol red beta-D-galactopyranoside sodium salt is also used in biological treatment systems. This product can be mixed with other substances in order to regulate the microbial population and reduce nutrients.</p>

<p>Aldol 470 acetate is a chromogenic substrate for carboxylesterases yielding a yellow precipitate. Furthermore it shows some fluorescence(excitation at 320 nm to 490 nm). In contrast to classical indoxylsubstrates, Aldol substrates work not only under aerobic but also under anaerobic conditions.</p>

<p>5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-alpha-D-fucopyranoside is a photosynthetic agent that belongs to the class of fucopyranosides. It is a non-proteinogenic amino acid that has been shown to be encoded in chloroplasts and mitochondria in photosynthetic organisms. 5B4C3IF has also been found to be involved in the synthesis of polynucleotides and polypeptides, as well as the regulation of biomass.</p>

<p>6-Bromo-2-naphthyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate used to detect alpha-glucosidase enzyme activity. When cleaved by the enzyme alpha-glucosidase, it releases 6-bromo-2-naphthol, which can be coupled with diazonium salts (for example 4'-amino-2,3'-dimethylazobenzene, also known as Fast Garnet GBC) to form a colored precipitate. 6-Bromo-2-naphthyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside is used in biochemical assays, histochemistry, and diagnostic tests for conditions like lysosomal storage disorders (e.g. Pompe disease) and carbohydrate metabolism studies.</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrate for β-D-glucuronidase (GUS) yielding a magenta precipitate. It is used fordetection of GUS+ bacterial colonies as analternative to 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-β-D-glucuronide (X-GlcA).</p>

<p>Fluorogenic substrate for aminopeptidase yielding a blue fluorescent solution.</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrate for α-galactosidase yielding a blue precipitate. Used for species differentiation within the family Enterobacteriaceae and differentiation of Bifido bacteria species from Lactobacillus species.</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenyl N,N'-diacetyl-beta-D-chitobioside is a chromogenic substrate for chitinase. Upon hydrolysis, para-nitrophenol is released yielding a yellowish colour. 4-Nitrophenyl N,N'-diacetyl-beta-D-chitobioside is used in different applications such as the Fungal infection detection, chitin degradation assays</p>

<p>N-CBZ-L-Lysyl-L-lysyl-L-arginine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin, triacetate salt is a fluorogenic substrate for the detection of phosphatases. It has been used in various assays for the detection of phosphatases in culture media and for the identification of phosphatase substrates in food products. This product has also been used to detect phosphatases in environmental samples. N-CBZ-L-Lysyl-L-lysyl-L arginine 7-amido 4 methyl coumarin, triacetate salt has shown to be a chromogenic substrate that can be used to detect peroxidase activity. It is highly soluble and stable at high pH levels and can be used as a bioluminescent substrate for enzyme activity measurements.</p>

<p>5-Bromo-6-chloro-3-indoxyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate for beta-D-galactosidase, yielding a magenta precipitate and contained in a chromogenic culture media. It is an indolyl carbohydrate that is the alpha-D-mannoside of indoxyl, in which the indole moiety is substituted at positions 4 and 5 by chlorine and bromine, respectively.</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl-alpha-L-iduronic acid, cyclohexylammonium salt is a fluorogenic substrate for the detection of alpha-L-iduronidase activity. It has been used to measure the activity of this enzyme in cells and tissues and as an indicator of tissue damage. The product is also used in food testing, diagnostics, and environmental testing.</p>

<p>Aldol® 515 caprylate is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate used for detection of lipase activity. The colorless enzyme substrate is cleaved by C8 esterases, yielding development of red coloration. In addition, red fluorescence is generated when Aldol® 355 fluorescence enhancer or a suitable matrix is present. Aldol® 515 caprylate can be used in enzyme assays and live bacterial cultures. Aldol® 515 caprylate is suitable for use in liquid and solid media, under aerobic as well as anaerobic conditions.</p>

<p>Fluorogenic substrate for α-galactosidase yielding a blue fluorescent solution upon cleavage. It is used for species differentiation within the family of Enterobacteriaceae. It is also utilized for the localization of the enzyme in plants.</p>

<p>3-Nitrophenyl alpha-D-galactopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate to measure the activity of the alpha-galactosidase enzymes. Upon hydrolysis by galactosidase, 3NPG releases a yellowish product, 3-nitrophenol, which can be easily measured spectrophotometrically. Some of the applications include enzyme assays, screening for alpha-galactosidase-producing microorganisms, and studying the kinetics and inhibition of alpha-galactosidase enzymes.</p>

<p>4-Trifluoromethylumbelliferyl b-D-glucuronide potassium salt is a fluorogenic substrate for beta-glucuronidase. Upon hydrolysis, the fluorogenic moiety (blueish) 4-trifluoromethylumbelliferone (also known as TFMU) is released. 4-Trifluoromethylumbelliferyl b-D-glucuronide potassium salt is commonly used in bacterial detection and for drug metabolism studies as well as lysosomal storage disorder screening.</p>

<p>5-Dodecanoylaminofluorescein di-b-D-galactopyranoside, commonly known as C12FDG, is a fluorogenic substrate for β-galactosidase. Fluorescein is released upon enzymatic cleavage by β-galactosidase. The intensity of its fluorescence is utilised to quantify β-galactosidase activity. C12FDG has been shown to be useful in identifying senescent cells that are associated with aging and cancer. It has also been used as a model system in some studies for studying disease activity, intracellular targets, and biological sample storage. It is also used to identify cancer tissues and radiation damage in the form of senescent cells. The chemical structure of 5DAFG is similar to that of the natural sugar galactose. 5DAFG binds to the plasma membrane of cells due to its lipophilic properties and then enters the cell through transport proteins on the cell surface called ATP binding cassette transporters.</p>

<p>Bis-(4-methylumbelliferyl)phosphate, or bis-4MU-phopshate, is a fluorogenic substrate used to study phosphatase activity, particularly in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs).</p>

<p>2-Nitrophenyl butyrate is a chromogenic enzyme substrate that is commonly used in enzymatic assays to detect lipases and esterases. When hydrolyzed by these enzymes, the substrate yields a yellow product that can be detected spectrophotometrically at 405 nm. The advantage of using 2-nitrophenyl butyrate is its high sensitivity and specificity for detecting lipolytic and esterolytic activities. This substrate is widely used in various applications, including enzyme kinetics studies, inhibitor screening, and the determination of esterase activity in biological samples such as serum, plasma, and cell lysates.</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate for alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase. Upon hydrolysis, para-nitrophenol is released yielding a yellowish colour. 4-Nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranoside is used in different applications such as the diagnosis of Schindler-Kanzaki disease and other lysosomal storage disorders.</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside (4-MU-a-D-Man) is a fluorogenic substrate used in activity assays for alpha-mannosidase. When it is hydrolyzed by alpha-mannosidase, it produces a fluorescent compound, 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU). 4-MU-a-D-Man is often used in medical research to monitor the activity of alpha-mannosidase, which is important in lysosomal storage diseases.  In addition, 4-Methylumbelliferyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside has been used to study the the activity of concanavalin A, a lectin that specifically binds to alpha-D-mannopyranosyl and alpha-D-glucopyranosyl residues on various glycoproteins. The use of this fluorogenic enzyme substrate permits study the degree of alpha-D-mannosidic linkage cleavage by the enzyme.</p>

<p>Chemiluminescent substrate for phosphatase</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucuronic acid methyl ester is a fluorogenic substrate that can be used as a ligand for enzyme activity detection. The substrate reacts with an oxidizing agent to produce the fluorescent product 4-methylumbelliferone, which can then be detected with a sensitive fluorometer. 4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucuronic acid methyl ester is an alternative to the more commonly used fluorescein in enzyme assays. This product has been shown to be an effective chemiluminescent substrate for the detection of bacteria and fungi in culture media, as well as for food testing.</p>

<p>Naphthol AS-BI-beta-D-glucuronic acid is a β-glucuronidase substrate. The substrate is used in combination with stabilized diazonium salts such as Fast Red Violet LB salt (5-chloro-4-benzamido-2-methylbenzenediazonium chloride). Free Naphthol AS and Fast Red Violet undergo a chemical reaction to yield intensely colored azo-dyes.</p>

<p>Ostazin Brilliant Red H-3B is a water soluble, non-toxic, and non-hazardous substrate for enzymes that catalyze reactions involving the cleavage of β-D-glucosides. It is used as a chromogenic or fluorogenic substrate in diagnostic tests. Ostazin Brilliant Red H-3B can also be used in bioluminescence reaction with luciferase to measure ATP levels in living cells.</p>

<p>DMNPE-caged form of luciferin</p>

<p>Aldol® 455 beta-D-glucopyranoside is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate used for detection of beta-glucosidase activity. The colorless enzyme substrate is cleaved by beta-glucosidase producing bacteria grown in liquid or solid media, yielding a yellow color and green to orange fluorescence. Aldol® 455 beta-D-glucopyranoside can be used under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.</p>

<p>6-Chloro-3-indolyl b-D-glucuronide sodium salt is a chromogenic substrate for beta-glucuronidase, a reporter gene used to monitor gene expression by detecting the enzyme's activity. It yields a salmon colored precipitate upon cleavage.</p>

<p>3-Indoxyl caprylate is a chemiluminescent substrate that is used in the detection of bacteria. It has been shown to be a very sensitive and selective fluorogenic substrate for the detection of bacterial activity, which can be used with an appropriate enzyme reaction. 3-Indoxyl caprylate has also been shown to be a potent quencher of bioluminescence, and can be used as a chromogenic substrate in diagnostic assays. 3-Indoxyl caprylate is often used as a culture media supplement or food additive to enhance its growth properties. It has been found to have high purity and quality levels, making it suitable for use in diagnostics and research.</p>

<p>Chromogenic β-mannosidase substrate yielding a yellow solution upon cleavage.</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenyl b-D-thioglucopyranoside is a highly sensitive chromogenic substrate designed for the colorimetric detection and quantification of thioglucosidase enzymes. Upon enzymatic cleavage, it releases a highly absorbing 4-nitrophenyl moiety, generating a yellow color that can be readily measured spectrophotometrically. This substrate is widely utilized in the study of enzyme kinetics, substrate specificity, and inhibitor screening for thioglucosidases involved in various metabolic pathways and biological processes.</p>

<p>2-Naphthyl-α-D-glucopyranoside is a substrate for α-glucosidase. 2-Naphthol is released upon hydrolyzation. By simultaneous coupling with a suitable staining reagent, such as hexazonium p-rosaniline, the corresponding reddish-brown azo-dye is formed. Naphthols can also be detected by fluorescence analysis.</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenyl 3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate for alpha-glucosidase. Upon hydrolysis, para-nitrophenol is released yielding a yellowish colour. 4-Nitrophenyl 3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside is used in different applications such as the Gaucher disease screening, carbohydrate metabolism studies</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrate for esterases</p>

<p>5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl b-D-fucopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate used is for the enzyme beta-fucosidase.</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenyl β-D-ribofuranoside is a synthetic chromogenic molecule designed to profile phosphorolytic enzyme activity, specifically ribonucleoside-hydrolyzing enzymes. Upon hydrolysis by these enzymes, it releases a 4-nitrophenolic compound, which can be monitored spectrophotometrically at 405-410 nm as a quantitative indicator of enzyme activity. This substrate is suitable for studying ribonucleoside-hydrolyzing enzymes, such as ribo- and deoxyribonucleases, in various biological systems and, in turn, could help advance our understanding of nucleic acid metabolism, gene function, and regulatory processes.</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrate targeting beta-L-arabinofuranosidase</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenyl beta-rutinoside is a chromogenic substrate for beta-glucosidase. Upon hydrolysis, para-nitrophenol is released yielding a yellowish colour. 4-Nitrophenyl beta-rutinoside is used in different applications such as the Flavonoid glycoside hydrolysis, food industry applications</p>

<p>Fluorogenic substrate for N-acetyl-β-D-galactosaminidase. Detection of Candida albicans.</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl-b-D-glucose-6-phosphoethanolamine is a fluorescent substrate that can be used to identify the presence of beta-glucosidase in biological samples, such as wine or cheese. It has been shown to offer high purity and quality, with a CAS number of 70750-68-6. This product is often used for diagnosing bacterial infections, as it will fluoresce when hydrolyzed by beta-glucosidase enzymes. 4MMUFBE can also be used for food testing, environmental testing, and chromogenic substrate reactions in the laboratory.</p>

<p>Coelenterazine-v is a coelenterazine analog that emits a red fluorescent light in the presence of calcium (Ca2+). It is used as a reporter molecule for intracellular calcium concentration. Coelenterazine-v has been used in vitro to detect protein–protein interactions and in animal experiments to detect luciferase activity. Other coelenterazine-v analogs have also been developed with different color properties, including blue, green, yellow, orange, and purple. All these analogs, including coelenterazine-v, are used for optical imaging of cells or tissues or for detecting the activity of luciferases.</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenyl palmitate is a lipase-sensitive chromogenic substrate commonly used in the study of lipase and esterase activity. Its hydrolysis by lipases produces a yellow 4-nitrophenol, which can be easily detected spectrophotometrically, offering a quantitative measure of enzyme activity. This substrate is widely utilized in the screening of lipase-producing microorganisms and the optimization of enzyme-catalyzed reactions in various fields, including biotechnology and pharmaceutical research.</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranoside-6-sulfate potassium salt is a fluorogenic substrate for N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase. After enzymatic cleaveage, free 4-methylumbelliferone (also known as hymecromone) is released, exhibiting blue fluorescence upon excitation with UV light. The strongest fluorescence of 4-methylumbelliferone requires deprotonation of the hydroxyl group (thus requires alkaline pH), with a maximal fluorescence intensity obtained with excitation at 350 to 370 nm and emission at 440 to 470 nm. The use of 4-methylumbelliferyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranoside-6-sulfate potassium saltas a substrate for measuring the N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase activity is used for diagnosis of Mucopolysaccharidosis IVA (MPS IVA) (a rare lysosomal storage disorder) and Morquio A syndrome screening.</p>

<p>N-Acetyl-5-bromo-3-indoxyl-2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucuronic acid methyl ester is a chromogenic substrate that can be used for the detection of bile acids and bilirubin in food testing. It is a conjugate of an acetylated 2,3,4 triacetyl glucuronic acid methyl ester with 5 bromo 3 indoxyl. This product has high purity and high quality.</p>

<p>Aldol® 470 beta-D-galactopyranoside is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate used for detection of ?-galactosidase activity. The colorless enzyme substrate is cleaved by lactose-utilizing bacteria grown in liquid or solid media, yielding yellow coloration and green fluorescence. Aldol® 470 beta-D-galactopyranoside can also be used in ?-galactosidase gene reporter assays or immunoassay applications (ELISA). Aldol® 470 beta-D-galactopyranoside can be used under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.</p>

<p>6-Chloro-3-indolyl phosphate disodium salt is a chromogenic substrate that is used in food testing, diagnostics, and environmental testing. It can be used to detect the presence of the enzyme phosphatase by adding it to a sample containing glucose, which will produce an orange color. The ligand 6-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate disodium salt can also be used as a bioluminescence probe for detecting ATP or ADP using luciferase. This product has high purity and quality, and is available at a competitive price.</p>

<p>Living cells of Escherichia coli can be reliably detected with media that contain a chromogenic or fluorogenic substrate for beta-glucuronidase (also termed β-D-glucuronidase), an enzyme that occurs almost exclusively in E. coli. RUG®, Resorufin-beta-D-glucuronic acid methyl ester is a highly sensitive chromogenic and fluorogenic indicator for E. coli. After removal of the methyl ester group by unspecific hydrolysis, orange colored product is cleaved by beta-glucuronidase in liquid media or on agar plates and yields an intense pink color. Red fluorescence is obtained upon excitation at 560-570 nm.Formally ER175455.</p>

<p>2-Chloro-4-nitrophenyl b-D-maltoheptaoside is a fluorescent compound that is used in medical research for the visualization of muscle glycogen. It is also used to study the binding of molecules to proteins, as well as to measure enzyme activity. The compound has been shown to be insensitive to changes in pH and temperature, so it can be used at different pH levels and temperatures without affecting its function. 2-Chloro-4-nitrophenyl b-D-maltoheptaoside can be detected by titration calorimetry due to its high molecular weight. The molecule's affinity for carbohydrates also allows it to be used in optimization studies of carbohydrate molecules.</p>

<p>Substrate detecting beta-glucosidase activity</p>

<p>Luc-phosphate Na is a synthetic drug that is used in the treatment of cancer. It is an inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase, which is a key enzyme in DNA methylation. The inhibition of this enzyme leads to decreased DNA methylation and increased expression of tumor suppressor genes. Luc-phosphate Na also has anti-cancer activity by inhibiting the growth of cells and by inducing apoptosis. This drug has been shown to have no adverse effects on cellular physiology, such as cell division or protein synthesis.</p>

<p>Chromogenic β-galactosidase substrate yielding a yellow solution upon cleavage. Can be used for the detection of coliforms due to their beta-galactosidase activity.</p>

<p>2-Chloro-4-nitrophenyl β-D-cellotrioside is a chromogenic substrate use in cellulase activity assays. This enzyme, which is responsible to break down cellulose, hydrolyzes 2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl beta-D-cellotrioside and releases 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol than can be quantified spectrophotometrically. The use of 2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl beta-D-cellotrioside as substrate for enzymatic assays allows detecting bacterial cellulose in urine tract infections in the biofilm state.</p>

<p>Aldol® 495 nonanoate is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate used for detection of lipase activity. The colorless enzyme substrate is cleaved by C9 esterases, yielding development of an orange coloration. In addition, green fluorescence is generated when Aldol® 355 fluorescence enhancer or a suitable matrix is present. Aldol® 495 nonanoate can be used in enzyme assays and live bacterial cultures. Aldol® 495 nonanoate is suitable for use in liquid and solid media, under aerobic as well as anaerobic conditions.</p>

<p>2-Chloro-4-nitrophenyl a-D-glucopyranoside is an an enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitor of alpha-glucosidase. The substrate 2-Chloro-4-nitrophenyl a-D-glucopyranoside is covalently attached to the enzyme enabling mechanistic studies of glycosidase activity, especificallyt in carbohydrate metabolism studies.</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrate for β-D-Cellobiosidase yielding a yellow solution upon cleavage.</p>

<p>Resorufin-7-O-phosphate is a fluorogenic substrate for alkaline phosphatase that exhibits a red color after cleavage that can be measured at ~ 585nm.</p>

<p>5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl a-D-xylopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate used to detect the specific enzymatic activity of alpha-xylosidase. After cleavage, 5-bromo-4-chloro-indoxyl is released, resulting in a blue to blue-green color change in bacterial colonies or media. 5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl a-D-xylopyranoside is used in bacterial xylan metabolism studies and plant cell wall degradation assays.</p>

<p>2-Chloro-4-nitrophenyl 4-O-b-D-galactopyranosylmaltoside, also known as Gal-G2-CNP, is a high quality, water soluble, chromogenic substrate that is used as an enzyme substrate and can be used in bioluminescence and chemiluminescence assays. This product is designed for use in diagnostics, culture media, food testing, environmental testing, and other research applications. 2-Chloro-4-nitrophenyl 4-O-b-D-galactopyranosylmaltoside has been tested in chromogenic assays with alpha-amylases.</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-3-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate for alpha-galactosidase. Upon hydrolysis, para-nitrophenol is released yielding a yellowish colour. 4-Nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-3-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranoside is used in different applications such as the Fabry disease diagnosis, glycolipid metabolism studies</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-a-D-thiomannopyranoside is a pNP substrate that serves as a chromogenic substrate for enzyme assays. It has been tested for the detection of a-D-mannosidase activity in a variety of biological samples, including cell lysates, body fluids, and tissue homogenates.</p>

<p>6-Chloro-1H-indol-3-yl octanoate is a fluorogenic substrate that can be used to detect enzymes such as phosphatases, lipases, esterases, and proteases. 6-Chloro-1H-indol-3-yl octanoate is a ligand for metal ions such as Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II). This product has high purity and quality. It is an enzyme substrate for many enzymes such as phosphatases, lipases, esterases, and proteases. This product can be used in diagnostics of various substances including food testing, environmental testing and staining. 6CIO is a chromogenic substrate that can be used to detect bioluminescence reactions.<br>6CIO is CAS No. 159954-35-5.</p>

<p>4-(Hydroxymethyl)phenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside tetraacetate is a drug that has been shown to have antidiabetic effects in diabetic patients. It has been shown to inhibit tyrosinase activity and increase the production of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in brain cells. This compound also has a protective effect against glutamate toxicity, and is being studied as a potential treatment for epilepsy. 4-(Hydroxymethyl)phenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside tetraacetate inhibits the production of tyrosinase, which is an enzyme responsible for the conversion of tyrosine to melanin. This process can be inhibited by inhibiting tyrosinase activity with 4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside tetraacetate.</p>

<p>6-Chloro-3-indoxyl-beta-D-glucuronic acid methyl ester is a chemiluminescent substrate that is used to measure the activity of enzymes in the beta-galactosidase family. This product is a white crystalline solid that dissolves in water and ethanol. 6-Chloro-3-indoxyl-beta-D-glucuronic acid methyl ester has been shown to be stable for at least two years when stored at -20°C. It can be used for diagnostic purposes, such as the detection of bacterial infections, or as an enzyme substrate in biochemistry studies.</p>

<p>Aldol® 535 myo-inositol-1-phosphate, ammonium salt is a chromogenic substrate for the enzyme, phosphoglucomutase. This product is used for the detection of phosphoglucomutase by its ability to react with this enzyme and produce a blue or green color. Aldol® 535 myo-inositol-1-phosphate, ammonium salt is also used as a ligand in fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) experiments. It has an EC number of CAS No. 2484872-80-0 and a molecular weight of 345.05 g/mol.</p>

<p>Aldol 458 acetate is a synthetic chemical that is used in the food industry as an enzyme substrate and in diagnostic tests to measure the level of enzymes. Aldol 458 acetate is a ligand that binds to proteins, such as horseradish peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase, which are commonly used for detection of antibodies or other proteins. This product can be used as a culture medium additive for bacteria, fungi, and yeast. It can also be used for diagnostics and chemiluminescence reactions. Aldol 458 acetate has high purity and quality.</p>

<p>Aldol® 515 nonanoate hydrochloride is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate for detection of lipase activity. The colorless product is cleaved by C9 esterases produced by bacteria in liquid or solid media, yielding a red color and red fluorescence when Aldol® 355 fluorescence enhancer or a suitable matrix is present. Aldol® 515 nonanoate can be used under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Well detectable color/fluorescence of bacterial colonies or liquid cultures is obtained within 24-48 h. In the presence of a purified lipase, color and fluorescence develops within minutes to few hours.</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrate for alpha-L-fucosidase</p>