Fonte Botânica

Isosakuranetin is a plant exudate with known cytotoxic and fungicide properties, it may act on wheat root segments as an inhibitor of K+ permeation. Isosakuranetin is a TRPM3 blocker, significantly reduces the sensitivity of mice to noxious heat and PregS-induced chemical pain; it induced- inhibition of ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways activate MITF and subsequent expression of Tyr, TRP1, and TRP2.

Theaflavin-3-gallate has anticancer and apoptotic effects in non-small cell lung carcinoma, it acts as prooxidants and induce oxidative stress, with carcinoma cells more sensitive than normal fibroblasts. Theaflavin-3-gallate can play a role in decreased intestinal cholesterol absorption via inhibition of micelle formation.

Pachymic acid (PA) is a natural triterpenoid known to inhibit the phospholipase A2 (PLA(2)) family of arachidonic acid (AA)-producing enzymes, PA-treatment decreases bad phosphorylation, increases Bcl-2 phosphorylation, and activates caspases-9 and -3, it also decreases the expression and activation of proteins within the AKT signal pathway. suggests that PA initiates apoptosis through mitochondria dysfunction and influences apoptosis by reducing prostaglandin .

Formononetin causes vascular relaxation via endothelium/NO-dependent mechanism and endothelium-independent mechanism which involves the activation of BK(Ca) and K(ATP) channels.

Cyanidin-3- O -glucoside, is one of the main component of mulberry anthocyanins,has protective effects from blackberry extract against peroxynitrite-induced endothelial dysfunction and vascular failure.

Notoginsenoside Fe can induce gap junction-mediated intercellular communication (GJIC) reductions; and gap junctions have been shown or are believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of many inherited and acquired human diseases, agents that regulate the GJIC function may facilitate prevention and treatment of GJIC-involved diseases.

Insampaedoksan is a traditional herbal medicine used for antipyretic and antiinflammatory diseases, isoliquiritigenin is the main compound of it , thus , isoliquiritigenin has bioactivity effects such as antioxidant, estrogenic and anticancer.

Dendrobine, isolated from Dendrobium nobile, an antagonist of β-alanine, taurine and of presynaptic inhibition in the frog spinal cord.

Methyl hesperidin has potentiating effect on coronary vasodilation induced by adenosine or related compounds, It caused inhibition of nitrendipine transport in the ileum and jejunum, but not in the duodenum. Methyl hesperidin exerts no obvious toxic effects in mice of either sex when administered at a level as high as 5.0% in the diet.

Hesperidin, a bioflavonoid, is an abundant and inexpensive by-product of Citrus cultivation, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, vasoprotective and anticarcinogenic and cholesterol lowering actions; can improves the health of capillaries by reducing the capillary permeability; can inhibit following enzymes: phospholipase A2, lipoxygenase, HMG-CoA reductase and cyclo-oxygenase.

4'-Demethylepipodophyllotoxin is an antimitotic agent which binds to monomeric tubulin, preventing micro-tubule polymerization. It is a potent inhibitor of microtubule assembly.

Schisandrin B, a kind of ATR and P-gp inhibitor with high safety, has been shown to produce antioxidant effect on rodent liver and heart. It also has anti-photoaging, and presents promising activities for future development of protective agents against CisPt nephrotoxicity. Combination of schizandrin B and paclitaxel(PTX) can enhance anti-tumor effects and relieve side effects of PTX on rats with mammary carcinoma.

Pinocembrin is a major flavonoid molecule incorporated as multifunctional in the pharmaceutical industry. Its vast range of pharmacological activities has been well researched including antimicrobial, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Pinocembrin inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory mediators production by suppressing PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway, it also inhibited TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis of Y-79 cells by inactivating the αvβ3 integrin/FAK/p38α signaling pathway.

​Linderene, linderalactone and isolinderalactone inhibit the enzymes from both origins to the same extent.

AstragalosideΙ(As-Ι), one of the main active ingredients in Astragalus membranaceus, As-I stimulates osteoblast differentiation through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which also activates the BMP pathway and RANK pathway, thus highlighting the As-Ιfor pharmaceutical and medicinal applications such as treating bone disease.

Astragaloside II can downregulate the expression of the P-gp and mdr1 gene, suppress phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2, p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase, suggests that Astragaloside II is a potent multidrug resistance (MDR) reversal agent and may be a potential adjunctive agent for hepatic cancer chemotherapy.

Homoplantaginin shows anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, it also has a protective and therapeutic effect on hepatocyte injury and shows potent inhibitory activities against influenza. Homoplantaginin may be used for the prevention and treatment of endothelial dysfunction associated with insulin resistance, it ameliorates endothelial insulin resistance by inhibiting inflammation and modulating cell signalling via the IKKβ/IRS-1/pAkt/peNOS pathway.

Forsythoside A possesses strong antibacterial, antiinflammatory, antioxidant and antiviral effects. it has the potential to prevent IBV infection in vitro, it can promote the expression of IFN-α and Mx1 significantly.Forsythoside A has inductive effects on the activities of CYP1A2 and CYP2C11, without affecting CYP2D1 and CYP3A1/2 activities.

Tracheloside significantly decreases the activity of alkaline phosphatase (AP), an estrogen-inducible marker enzyme, with an IC(50) value of 0.31 microg/ml, a level of inhibition comparable to that of tamoxifen (IC(50) = 0.43 microg/ml).

<p>Chonglou Saponin VII is a bioactive glycoside, which is derived from the rhizomes of traditional Chinese medicinal plants, often sourced from the species Paris polyphylla. As a steroidal saponin, its mechanism of action involves altering cellular activities by interacting with cell membranes and signaling pathways, leading to a range of pharmacological effects.</p>

<p>Diammonium glycyrrhizinate is a bioactive compound, which is derived from the licorice root, Glycyrrhiza glabra. This product functions primarily as an anti-inflammatory agent by modulating the body's immune response and inhibiting enzymes that promote inflammation, such as cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase. Its mode of action involves the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which can lead to reduced inflammation and relief from related symptoms.</p>

<p>(-)-Syringaresnol-4-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1,2)-β-D-glucopyranoside is a lignan glycoside, which is a type of secondary metabolite. This compound is primarily derived from plant sources, often isolated from the heartwood of various trees or other lignan-rich plant materials. The extraction typically involves advanced chromatographic techniques that separate and purify it from complex plant matrices.</p>

<p>Capillary protectant; free radical scavenger; antioxidant</p>

<p>Mogroside IVa is a triterpene glycoside, which is a type of natural sweetening compound, derived primarily from the fruit of Siraitia grosvenorii, commonly known as monk fruit. The compound is extracted from the fruit through a meticulous process that ensures the preservation of its natural properties. The mode of action of Mogroside IVa involves its interaction with taste receptors on the tongue, where it delivers intense sweetness, often several hundred times sweeter than sucrose, without providing caloric value. Additionally, studies suggest that this mogroside exhibits antioxidant activities, potentially neutralizing free radicals and protecting against cellular damage.</p>

<p>Camelliaside A is a saponin compound, which is a type of secondary metabolite predominantly occurring in certain plant species. It is derived from the seeds of Camellia sinensis, commonly known as the tea plant. The molecular structure of Camelliaside A features a glycosidic linkage, contributing to its bioactive properties.</p>

<p>Ginsenoside Rg5 is a bioactive compound, which is a saponin extracted from Panax ginseng. This herbal source, particularly its root, has been used in traditional medicine for centuries. Ginsenoside Rg5 exhibits its mode of action primarily through modulating intracellular signaling pathways, enhancing antioxidant activity, and exerting anti-inflammatory effects. It has shown the ability to interact with cellular receptors and enzymes, impacting biological processes at the molecular level.</p>

<p>5,6-O-Isopropylidene-phlorigidoside B is a specialized phytochemical compound, which is a derivative of natural glycosides. This compound is typically sourced from certain plant species known for producing bioactive secondary metabolites. The synthesis of this compound involves the acetalization of hydroxyl groups, creating an isopropylidene protective group, which can influence its stability and solubility properties.</p>

<p>Peonidin-3-O-rutinoside chloride is an anthocyanin compound, which is a type of flavonoid pigment. This compound is naturally sourced from various plant species, prominently found in berries and flowers, contributing to their rich red and purple hues. The mode of action of Peonidin-3-O-rutinoside chloride involves its potent antioxidant capabilities, scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative stress in biological systems. Additionally, it can modulate cell signaling pathways, influencing gene expression and enzyme activities related to inflammation and cancer progression.</p>

<p>Isoacteoside is a phenylethanoid isolated from Monochasma savatieri Franch. ex Maxim., which is an anti-inflammatory herb widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. Isoacteoside is also reported as a potential therapeutic for Alzheimers disease. The memory-improving mechanism of isoacteoside involves reducing amyloid β peptide deposition and amyloid β cytotoxicity by inhibiting amyloid β oligomerization through the catechol moiety. This promotes amyloid β degradation and reversing cortical cholinergic dysfunction, which includes the inhibition of AChE activity (Young-Ji, 2017).</p>

<p>Isoliquiritin apioside is a flavonoid glycoside, which is a compound derived from licorice root (Glycyrrhiza species). It exhibits a range of biological activities by influencing various cellular and molecular pathways, often involving antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. These effects are primarily mediated through its interaction with cellular signaling cascades, potentially modulating gene expression and enzyme activity.</p>

<p>Rebaudioside E is a high-intensity sweetener, which is a glycoside derived from the Stevia rebaudiana plant. This particular compound is among the numerous steviol glycosides present in stevia leaves, extracted through water or alcohol-based extraction and subsequent purification processes. Its mode of action involves binding to the sweet taste receptors on the tongue, similar to other intense sweeteners, yet it provides sweetness without caloric input.</p>

<p>Neamine hydrochloride is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic, which is derived from neomycin. It exerts its antibacterial effects by interacting with bacterial ribosomal RNA, leading to the inhibition of protein synthesis. This interference results in the disruption of vital cellular processes within susceptible bacteria, ultimately causing cell death.</p>

<p>Derived from berries and grapes; antioxidant; antiproliferative</p>

<p>(R)-Ginsenoside Rg2 is a naturally occurring bioactive compound derived from the roots of the Panax ginseng plant. It is classified as a saponin, known for its significant pharmacological potential. The source of (R)-Ginsenoside Rg2 lies in the ginsenosides, specific triterpenoid saponins found in ginseng, which have been extensively studied for their health-promoting properties.</p>

<p>Pectolinarin is a flavonoid compound that can be classified as a natural bioactive molecule, which is derived primarily from specific plant sources, particularly within the Asteraceae family. This compound exhibits a range of biochemical activities through its mode of action as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. It effectively scavenges free radicals and inhibits inflammatory pathways, thereby reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory responses at the cellular level.</p>

<p>Ginsenoside Rh1 is a bioactive compound, which is a type of ginsenoside. It is derived from the root of Panax ginseng, a plant that has been used in traditional medicine for centuries. Ginsenoside Rh1 modulates various cellular pathways, including those involved in anti-inflammatory and antioxidative responses. This is achieved through its interaction with cellular receptors and enzymes, influencing signaling pathways that regulate cell function and stress responses.</p>

<p>Gypenoside XVII is a bioactive compound, which is a saponin derived from the plant Gynostemma pentaphyllum, commonly known as Jiaogulan. This compound is part of a broader category of plant-derived triterpenoid saponins that exhibit diverse biological activities. Gypenoside XVII functions primarily through its modulation of signaling pathways, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic regulatory mechanisms. It affects key molecular targets and pathways, such as AMPK activation and nitric oxide production, offering potential therapeutic benefits.</p>

<p>Quercetin 3-O-(4''-O-acetyl)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside is a specialized flavonoid glycoside, which is a derivative of the flavonoid quercetin. It is primarily sourced from various plant species known for their high flavonoid content. The compound is characterized by its unique glycosylation pattern, where an acetyl group is esterified to the 4'' position of the rhamnose moiety.</p>

<p>(20R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 is a triterpenoid saponin, which is a bioactive compound isolated from the root of Panax ginseng. This product is an integral part of traditional medicine and is now being extensively studied in modern pharmacological research. As a ginsenoside, Rg3 exerts its effects primarily by modulating cellular pathways, inhibiting angiogenesis, and inducing apoptosis in cancer cells.</p>

<p>Epimedin A is a naturally occurring flavonoid glycoside, which is a type of compound found in certain plants, specifically within the Berberidaceae family. The primary source of this compound is the plant genus Epimedium, commonly known as Horny Goat Weed. Epimedin A acts by influencing various biological pathways, primarily modulating nitric oxide levels and influencing the signaling pathways associated with cellular proliferation and differentiation.</p>

<p>Momordicoside B is a bioactive triterpenoid saponin, which is a compound sourced from the fruit of Momordica charantia, commonly known as bitter melon. This fruit is widely studied for its role in traditional medicine and its diverse pharmacological activities. The mode of action of Momordicoside B involves the modulation of glucose metabolism pathways. It is known to influence the activity of enzymes involved in glucose utilization and insulin sensitization, providing biochemical pathways that mimic insulin activity.</p>

<p>Pelargonidin-3-O-sophoroside is a specialized flavonoid glycoside, which is derived from certain plant sources. It is primarily isolated from various fruits and flowers where it contributes to pigmentation, specifically imparting hues such as red and pink. The compound functions through its role as a pigment by absorbing specific wavelengths of light, which can protect the plant tissues from excess UV radiation and attract pollinators.</p>

<p>Empagliflozin 6-O-β-D-glucuronide is a metabolite of the drug empagliflozin, which is a type of product known as a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor. This compound is derived from the in vivo metabolism of empagliflozin, originally sourced from synthetic pathways designed to enhance the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Its mode of action involves the facilitation of glucose excretion through the kidneys by inhibiting renal reabsorption of glucose, thus lowering blood glucose levels.</p>

<p>Rebaudioside G is a steviol glycoside, which is a natural sweetening compound derived from the leaves of the plant Stevia rebaudiana. This compound is one of several glycosides responsible for the sweet taste of stevia, which is native to South America and has been used for centuries for its sweetness.</p>

<p>20(s)-Ginsenoside Rh2 is a bioactive compound classified as a saponin, which is derived from the root of the Panax ginseng plant. This compound exhibits a wide range of pharmacological activities attributed to its ability to modulate cellular pathways. It exerts its mode of action primarily through the regulation of apoptosis, modulation of immune responses, and inhibition of tumor growth. Mechanistically, it interacts with cellular receptors and signaling molecules, influencing pathways such as NF-κB and MAPK, which are crucial in cell proliferation and apoptosis.</p>

<p>20(Z)-Ginsenoside F4 is a bioactive compound, which is derived from the traditional medicinal plant, Panax ginseng. This compound is isolated through advanced extraction techniques aimed at preserving its structural integrity. The mode of action of 20(Z)-Ginsenoside F4 involves interacting with cellular pathways, modulating specific signaling cascades, and exhibiting potential anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties.</p>

<p>a-Glucosylrutin is a flavonoid glycoside derivative, which is synthesized from rutin, a natural flavonoid extracted from plants such as buckwheat and citrus fruits, using an enzymatic glucosylation process. The incorporation of glucose enhances its stability and solubility compared to its parent compound, rutin.</p>

<p>Notoginsenoside R1 is a saponin compound, which is a key bioactive ingredient derived from the roots of Panax notoginseng, a well-known traditional medicinal plant. This product is renowned for its diverse pharmacological activities, particularly its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The mode of action of Notoginsenoside R1 involves modulating various signaling pathways, including the NF-κB and MAPK pathways, which are pivotal in regulating the body's inflammatory response. Additionally, it exhibits the ability to scavenge free radicals, contributing to its antioxidative properties.</p>

<p>Vitexin-2-O-rhamnoside is a naturally occurring flavonoid glycoside, which is primarily sourced from various medicinal plants, including certain species within the plant family Lamiaceae. This compound is known for its unique molecular structure, where the flavonoid vitexin is bound to a rhamnose sugar moiety at the 2-O position. Its mode of action involves antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and potential cardioprotective properties, which are attributed to its ability to modulate signaling pathways, scavenge free radicals, and inhibit pro-inflammatory mediators.</p>

<p>Scandoside methyl ester is a naturally occurring iridoid glycoside derivative, which is typically isolated from certain plant species, particularly those in the genus Scrophularia. This compound is part of a class of secondary metabolites known for their diverse biological activities. Its mechanism of action is often linked to its ability to interact with various biological pathways, including those involved in anti-inflammatory and antioxidant responses. Researchers have explored its potential to inhibit specific enzymes and modulate signaling pathways.</p>

<p>Phloretin 2'-O-xylosyl-glucoside is a natural glycoside compound, which is derived from the xylosylation and glucosylation of phloretin, commonly found in certain fruits like apples. It is a biochemical derivative formed through enzymatic reactions involving specific glycosyltransferases in plant tissues. The mode of action of this compound primarily involves its antioxidant properties, where it serves to neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress within biological systems.</p>

<p>Momordin 2e is a cucurbitane triterpenoid compound, which is derived from natural plant sources, particularly within the gourd family, Cucurbitaceae. This product has garnered attention due to its bioactive properties, primarily identified in plants such as bitter melon (Momordica charantia).</p>

<p>Naringin dihydrochalcone, sometimes abbreviated to naringin DC, is an artificial sweetener derived from naringin, a bitter compound found in citrus. Naringin dihydrochalcone is a phloretin glycoside, 500 - 700 times sweeter than sucrose.</p>

<p>Rebaudioside I is a steviol glycoside, which is a high-intensity sweetener derived from the leaves of the Stevia rebaudiana plant. As a natural compound, it is extracted and purified through a water or alcohol-based process from the plant’s leaves, which have been traditionally used for their sweetening properties.</p>

<p>Rebaudioside M is a high-potency sweetener, which is derived from the Stevia rebaudiana plant. It is one of the glycosides found in the leaves of this plant, often extracted and purified for use in a variety of applications. The mode of action for Rebaudioside M involves interacting with taste receptors on the tongue to produce a sweet sensation, without contributing calories or affecting blood glucose levels. This makes it particularly appealing for use in low-calorie and diabetic-friendly products.</p>

<p>Naringin 4'-O-glucoside is a flavonoid glucoside, which is a metabolite derived from citrus fruits, particularly grapefruit. It is characterized by the attachment of a glucose molecule to the naringin flavonoid structure, which enhances its water solubility and absorption in biological systems.</p>

<p>Stevioside - min 75% is a high-purity glycoside compound that functions as a natural sweetener. It is derived from the leaves of the Stevia rebaudiana plant, a member of the Asteraceae family, which is native to Paraguay and Brazil. This compound works by interacting with the sweet receptors on the tongue, specifically the TAS1R2 and TAS1R3 receptors, to provide a sweet taste sensation that is several hundred times sweeter than sucrose, without contributing to caloric intake.</p>

<p>Ginsenoside Rg6 is a saponin compound, which is a naturally occurring glycoside found in the plant species Panax ginseng. Ginsenosides are the active pharmacological components of ginseng, recognized for their diverse bioactive properties. Ginsenoside Rg6 specifically acts by modulating multiple signaling pathways, exhibiting effects such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions. It interacts with cellular mechanisms to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species.</p>

<p>Jujuboside B is a bioactive compound, which is a triterpenoid saponin derived from the seeds of Ziziphus jujuba, known as the jujube plant. This compound is primarily found in the plant’s seeds and is extracted using various chromatography techniques. Jujuboside B exhibits its mode of action through modulation of neurotransmitter systems and antioxidative defense mechanisms, which contribute to its neuroprotective and anxiolytic effects. Additionally, it influences the GABAergic system, enhancing gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission.</p>

<p>Ginsenoside Rb3 is a natural saponin compound, which is a type of ginsenoside derived from the root of Panax ginseng. The source of Ginsenoside Rb3, Panax ginseng, is a perennial plant widely utilized in traditional medicine for its pharmacological properties.</p>

<p>Hederacoside C is a bioactive triterpenoid saponin, which is isolated from the leaves of the common ivy plant, *Hedera helix*. These saponins have been a subject of scientific study due to their significant pharmacological properties. The mode of action of Hederacoside C involves its ability to reduce the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its expulsion from the respiratory tract. This is achieved through its expectorant properties, which stimulate bronchial secretions and improve mucociliary clearance, making it particularly valuable in the treatment of respiratory disorders.</p>