Fluorogenic Substrates

N-Acetyl-3,7-dihydroxyphenoxazine is a fluorescent probe, which is synthesized from chemical precursors and used primarily in biochemical research. This compound acts by undergoing a chemical reaction with hydrogen peroxide, resulting in the formation of resorufin, a highly fluorescent compound. The distinctive property of this probe is its capacity to produce a measurable fluorescent signal upon interaction with hydrogen peroxide, making it an invaluable tool for detecting and quantifying this reactive oxygen species.

Fluorescein-dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine triethylammonium salt is a fluorescent phospholipid derivative for phospholipase. This substrate consists of a fluorescein conjugated to DPPE (dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine), a key component of biological membranes. This compound is frequently used in membrane dynamics studies and lipid metabolism research. The fluorescein moiety allows visualization of lipid interactions in model membranes, liposomes, or live-cell imaging applications. The triethylammonium salt form enhances solubility and stability, property that facilitates its use in aqueous and lipid-based environments.

This Clips-O substrate 7-((4'-L-Alaninamido)-rac-3'-hydroxybutyloxy) coumarin allows the detection of single and dual enzymatic activity (L-alanine aminopetidase and oxidation of 4-amino-3-hydroxybutyloxy spacer either enzymatically or by exposure to sodium periodate) with a single substrate resulting in a fluorescent signal. The main virtues of Clips-O substrates are an increased stability towards non-enzymatic hydrolysis that results in a reduced background and high sensitivity.

This botanical is a download for the Floral Database.

(+)-Biotin 4-amidobenzoic acid sodium salt, often referred as (+)-biotin PABA, is a fluorogenic substrate used to measure biotinidase activity, especially in newborn screening programs.

PAIRED PRODUCT AVAILABLE: alpha-L-iduronidase Enzyme, FI179383.
4MU-alpha-L-idopyranosiduronic acid is a fluorogenic substrate for alpha-L-iduronidase. Active alpha-L-iduronidase cleaves the MU moiety from the synthetic substrate, which results in release of a fluorescent signal (Ex 360 nm / Em 455 nm). The reaction is stopped by the addition of sodium carbonate. 4MU-alpha-L-idopyranosiduronic acid is used in alpha-L-iduronidase assays in the context of biochemical characterisation of samples from patients affected by lysosomal storage disease mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS I).

4-Methylumbelliferyl palmitate, commonly names as 4-MUP, is a fluorescent probe that binds to lipases, enzymes responsible to assist on the hydrolysis of fats. In diagnosis, 4-MUP is used for screening of lysosomal storage diseases (LSD) caused by a deficiency of a single enzyme involved in the metabolism of glycoproteins, lipids or mucopolysaccharides.

FLsharp™ - Phosphate, disodium salt is a fluorogenic water-soluble substrate for phosphatase enzymes. Its chemical name is 6-Chloro-2-[5-chloro-2-(phosphonooxy)phenyl]-4(1H)-quinazolinone disodium salt and was developed by Molecular Probes in the 1990s. After cleavage of the substrate by phosphatase activity, an insoluble product is formed that is highly fluorescent in the solid state. Upon UV irradiation this very stable fluorophore emits green light in the 530 nm range for an extended period of time. FLsharp™ is a unique substrate - optimized for the detection of phosphatase activity in solid matrices such as agar media, tissue sections or microscopic preparations. FLsharp™ - Phosphate, disodium salt is used in microbiology as a substrate for bacterial phosphatases.

3-Carboxyumbelliferyl b-D-glucuronide serves as a highly sensitive fluorogenic substrate for detecting b-glucuronidase activity. Upon enzymatic cleavage, it generates a fluorescent product enabling easy and accurate monitoring of enzyme activity in various applications, such as diagnostics, drug discovery, and research.

Resorufin acetate is a fluorogenic substrate for esterase activity measurments in lipid metabolism studies. It is also used as a substrate for chymotrypsin, a digestive enzyme produced by the pancreas that aids in protein digestion in the small intestine.

5-(Pentafluorobenzoylamino)fluoroscein di-b-D-galactopyranoside, commonly referred as PFB-FDG or PFB-FDGal, is a cell-permeable enzyme substrate for β-galactosidase used in live cell imaging assays. After cleavage, 5-(pentafluorobenzoylamino)fluorescein (PFB-F) is released, generating a green fluorescence (Em ~520 nm)) of a higher intensity than fluorescein. Its main use is for bacterial detection (e.g. E. coli LacZ assays), but also for flow cytometry analytical assays.

Caspase substrates are a class of pharmacological agents that regulate apoptosis. Caspases are proteases that cleave specific proteins in the cell, leading to apoptosis. Pro-apoptotic proteins activate caspases, while anti-apoptotic proteins inhibit them. Caspase substrates can be either pro-caspase or anti-caspase, depending on the desired effect. They may also be used to regulate caspases without affecting their activity. The caspase substrate is cleaved by caspases and releases a polypeptide fragment that triggers apoptosis in some cells, but not others. For example, the Hl-60 cell line is resistant to the pro-apoptotic effects of the substrate because it contains an anti-apoptotic protein called Bcl-2. In contrast, myocardial cells contain pro-apoptotic proteins and are sensitive to the pro-apoptotic effects of the substrate. In

Colchicine fluorescein is the fluorogenic form of colchicine. It is used for staining assembly of tubulin. Colchicine-site inhibitors (abbrevated as CBSIs) disrupt tubulin polymerization. Colchicine fluorescein serves as a probe to study the binding of colchicine to tubulin, as the colchicine binding site is a promising target for discovering novel antitumour agents.

This Clips-O substrate 7-(4'-L-Alaninamido)-rac-(3'-octanoyloxy)butyloxy) coumarin allows the detection of three enzymatic activities (L-alanine aminopeptidase, C8-esterase and oxidation of 4-amino-3-hydroxybutyloxy either enzymatically or by exposure to sodium periodate) with one single substrate and give a positive fluorescent signal only in presence of all activities. The main virtues of Clips-O substrates are an increased stability towards non-enzymatic hydrolysis that results in a reduced background and high sensitivity.

4-Methylumbelliferyl 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-trifluoroacetamido-b-D-glucopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate specifically designed for the detection and quantification of hexosaminidase enzymes. Upon cleavage by the target enzyme, it generates a bright fluorescent signal facilitating the investigation of enzyme activity, screening of inhibitors, and diagnostics.

6-Chloro-7-hydroxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)coumarin is a fungicide that inhibits the growth of fungi by interfering with their DNA synthesis. It does this by inhibiting the activity of two enzymes: the fungal enzyme oxime and the enzyme cinerea, which is found in many fungi. 6-Chloro-7-hydroxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)coumarin has been shown to be effective against Alternaria and Botrytis cinerea. The compound also has an antifungal effect against other types of fungi, such as Penicillium roqueforti, when used in combination with a solvent such as ether.

3-Carboxyumbelliferyl b-D-galactopyranoside is a fluorescent probe that can be used to study protein synthesis in live cells. It binds to the active site of the enzyme peptidyl transferase, which catalyzes the covalent linkage of amino acids to form a polypeptide chain. 3CMBG is specific for the amino acid proline and is a substrate for peptidyl transferase. The fluorescence of 3CMBG increases when it is bound to peptidyl transferase, making it useful as a marker for protein synthesis.

4-Methylumbelliferyl-b-D-xylotrioside is a fluorogenic substrate that reacts with an enzyme in the presence of oxygen to produce light. It is used in diagnostic applications, such as detecting the presence of a specific enzyme or protein. 4-Methylumbelliferyl-b-D-xylotrioside can also be used as a chromogenic substrate for the detection of DNA and RNA. This compound can be conjugated with other molecules for use in immunoassays and other diagnostic applications. 4-Methylumbelliferyl-b-D-xylotrioside has been shown to bind to bacterial cells and activate them, which leads to the production of light through bioluminescence.

4-Methylumbelliferyl 2-acetamido-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-a-D-glucopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate for enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds. It can be used in diagnostic tests to identify antibodies against certain bacteria and fungi. The fluorogenic form of 4-methylumbelliferyl 2-acetamido-3,4,6-triO acetyl -2 deoxy a D glucopyranoside can be used as a chemiluminescent substrate for detecting bacterial activity. 4 methylumbelliferyl 2 acetamido 3,4,6 triO acetyl -2 deoxy a D glucopyranoside is also useful in bioluminescent assays to detect ATP production in bacteria and other microorganisms. CAS No: 1174287–76–3