Metabolismo

<p>5-(3',4'-Dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone is a metabolic byproduct of gut microbiota processing of (-)-Epicatechin. [5-(3',4'-Dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone] exhibits antioxidant properties.</p>

<p>DPTIP hydrochloride is a potent inhibitor of neutral sphingomyelinase (N-SMase 2) that can cross the blood-brain barrier. It acts as an exosome inhibitor with an IC50 value of 30 nM.</p>

<p>LXQ-87 is an orally administered, non-competitive inhibitor of PTP1B with an IC50 of 1.061 μM, demonstrating hypoglycemic activity. It alleviates insulin resistance and enhances cellular glucose uptake, making it useful for type 2 diabetes research.</p>

<p>Lunine is a bioactive chemical.</p>

<p>O-Desmethylcarvedilol (Desmethylcarvedilol) is an active metabolite of Carvedilol, a non-selective β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) antagonist. This compound inhibits store overload-induced calcium release in HEK293 cells expressing the RyR2 R4496C mutation (IC50= 7.62 µM). Additionally, O-Desmethylcarvedilol slows the increase in heart rate and prevents diastolic pressure reduction induced by Isoproterenol in conscious rabbits (ED50s = 32 and 5 µg/kg).</p>

<p>PTPσ Inhibitor ISP is a compound that binds to recombinant human PTPs, thereby inhibiting PTPσ signaling.</p>

<p>Imperatoxin A, a peptide toxin sourced from the African scorpion Pandinus imperator, functions as an activator of Ca2+-release channels/ryanodine receptors (</p>

<p>LYP-IN-4 (compound D14), a reversible and selective lymphotyrosine phosphatase (LYP) inhibitor (Ki=1.34 μM, IC50=3.52μM), regulates TCR signaling, increases PD-</p>

<p>Vitamin D4 is the active Vitamin D analog.</p>

Guanosine triphosphate tritris (GTP tritris) serves as a crucial enhancer in myocyte differentiation, playing an essential role in regulating miRNA-muscle regulatory factors. It promotes the release of exosomes rich in guanine and guanine-derived molecules, and is considered an activation precursor for RNA synthesis. In mitochondrial functionality, GTP is involved in the entry of proteins into the matrix, which is vital for various regulatory pathways. It initiates peptide synthesis by facilitating the binding of formylmethionine-tRNA to the ribosome, and aids in polypeptide chain elongation. Additionally, GTP acts as a carrier for phosphates and pyrophosphates, channeling chemical energy into specific biosynthetic pathways. It activates signal transduction G proteins, regulates cellular processes such as proliferation and differentiation, and its hydrolysis by small GTPases (including Ras and Rho) is indispensable for both proliferation and apoptosis. Furthermore, the small GTPase Rab assists in vesicle docking, fusion, and formation. Beyond signal transduction, GTP is also an energy-rich precursor in the biosynthesis of DNA and RNA enzymes.

<p>Maurocalcine is a cell-permeable agonist for ryanodine receptor (RyR) subtypes 1, 2, and 3.</p>

<p>Bz-Ala-Arg, a dipeptide, serves as a spectrophotometric substrate (0.4 M pyridine formate, pH 4.25) for human pancreatic carboxypeptidase B and plasma</p>

<p>MAGL-IN-9, also referred to as compound 16, is a reversible inhibitor of monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) with a potent IC50 value of 2.7 nM [1].</p>

<p>L-Pyroglutamic acid β-naphthylamide (PYR) is a derivative of glutamic acid.</p>

<p>Dazonone (Imidazo[2,1-b]quinazolin-2(3H)-one, 6-chloro-1,5-dihydro-3-methyl-) is a specific PDE III inhibitors.</p>

<p>α-Amylase/α-Glucosidase-IN-3 (Compound 17) serves as a dual inhibitor targeting both α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase, exhibiting IC50 values of 0.70 μM and 1.10 μM</p>

24,25-Epoxycholesterol is an oxysterol agonist of the liver X receptor, known to inhibit the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) in hepatic cells. Additionally, 24,25-Epoxycholesterol plays a role in regulating cholesterol metabolism within the liver.

<p>ZLY28 is a novel, first-in-class compound with specific intestinal restriction and oral activity, serving as a dual modulator of FXR and FABP1.</p>

<p>Oleic acid-2,6-diisopropylanilide: ACAT inhibitor, IC50 7 nM; lowers LDL &amp; raises HDL in high-fat fed rabbits/rats at 0.05%.</p>

<p>SB-435495 ditartrate is a potent, selective, reversible, non-covalent, and orally active inhibitor of Lp-PLA2, demonstrating an IC50 value of 0.06 nM [1] [3].</p>

<p>Amidepsine A is a natural product for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T22187 and the CAS number is 169181-28-6.</p>

<p>Pristanic acid, found in blood, aids in studying Alpha Methylacyl CoA Racemase Deficiency and Zellweger Syndrome.</p>

LTC4, made by neutrophils and others via LTC4 synthase, causes smooth muscle contractions and is involved in asthma/allergic responses.

Casein Kinase Substrates 3 is a substrate of casein kinase.

Moth Cytochrome C (88-103) peptide induces positive TCR selection in thymocytes; key for self-tolerant T cell development.

16(S)-HETE, a CYP450 byproduct of arachidonic acid, inhibits kidney tubule ATPase by 60% at 2 μM upon angiotensin II trigger.

NAD Synthetase is responsible for the final step in the synthesis of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD). The enzyme sourced from Escherichia coli exhibits Km values of 200 μM for NAD, 11 μM for ATP, and 0.65 μM for ammonia. Conversely, NAD Synthetase derived from yeast demonstrates Km values of 170 μM for NAD, 190 μM for ATP, and 64 μM for ammonia. This enzyme is applicable in enzymatic assays for ATP, ammonia, urea, or creatinine and can also be used in enzymatic recycling methods. Additionally, NAD Synthetase holds potential for research into metabolic diseases, cancer, aging, and neurodegenerative disorders.

<p>α-Glucosidase-IN-24 (Compound 13), an α-Glucosidase inhibitor, exhibits an IC50 value of 451 μM and can be derived from Swertia kouitchensis [1].</p>

<p>NahK phosphorylates GlcNAc/GalNAc at C1 using ATP to form GlcNAc-1P/GalNAc-1P.</p>

<p>(±)16-HDHA is an autoxidation product of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in vitro.</p>

<p>Nepetalactone is found in the plant Nepeta parnassica and has high mosquito repellency properties.</p>

<p>11-epi-Chaetomugilin I, from Chaetomium globosum, has cytotoxic effects against P388, HL-60, L1210 leukemia, and KB carcinoma cells.</p>

<p>Sp-cAMPS triethylamine activates PKA I/II and inhibits PDE3A (Ki 47.6µM), binds PDE10 GAF (EC50 40µM).</p>

<p>Mesembrenone is a selective the serotonin transporter (SERT) inhibitor. Mesembrenone is the main alkaloid of Sceletium tortuosum.</p>

Compound 2058-74-4, with CAS No. 2058-74-4, is a fragment molecule that serves as an important scaffold for molecular linking, expansion, and modification. Compound 2058-74-4 provides a structural basis and research tool for the design and screening of novel drug candidates, and is commonly used in drug discovery, drug synthesis, and related research.

<p>2-NP-AHD, derived from AHD/nitrofuran metabolite, indicates illegal nitrofuran use.</p>

<p>Camellianin B, a flavonoid from Camellianin A, has antioxidant effects and blocks ACE.</p>

<p>Flumethasone 21-acetate is an anti-inflammatory corticosteroid.</p>

<p>Kouitchenside G, a natural compound extracted from Swertia kouitchensis, demonstrates inhibitory activity against α-Glucosidase, showcasing an IC 50 value of</p>

<p>CMP-Sialic acid inhibits UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase and is a key substrate for sialic acid biosynthesis.</p>

<p>Compound Z10 (PKM2 activator 6) serves as both a PKM2 activator and a PDK1 inhibitor, exhibiting dissociation constants (K D ) of 121 μM and 19.6 μM,</p>

<p>hCA/VEGFR-2-IN-4 (compound 15b), an indolinylbenzenesulfonamide, serves as a potential dual inhibitor targeting cancer-related human carbonic anhydrases hCA IX/</p>

<p>DSPE-PEG-Maleimide (MW 3400) ammonium combines DSPE phospholipids with maleimide for the preparation of nanostructured lipid carriers. It is applicable in drug delivery research.</p>

<p>Laccase-IN-1 (compound 4b) is an orally active laccase inhibitor, demonstrating an IC50 of 11.3 μM.</p>

<p>Generates large inward currents at resting membrane potential</p>

<p>Canadensolide is an antifungal metabolite of Penicillium canadense .</p>

Bupirimate, a systemic fungicide for powdery mildew in roses and apples, belongs to pyrimidines.

<p>Streptolysin O: lyses cells, cardiotoxic, used for cell permeabilization, has active and inactive states.</p>

<p>AMG-529 is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting ASGR1, capable of binding to ASGR1 and inhibiting ligand attachment, which subsequently results in an increase in ALP (ASGR1-inhibited biomarker) levels.</p>

<p>Tetrachlorocatechol (TCC) is a chlorinated catechol compound that serves as a metabolite of pentachlorophenol.</p>