Apoptosis

Lysosomal P-gp targeted agent 1 (Compound 14) is an antitumor drug that targets lysosomal P-glycoprotein (Pgp). It is selectively transported to lysosomes via overexpressed Pgp, releasing nitric oxide that generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and inducing apoptosis. This compound can overcome resistance mediated by P-glycoprotein, leading to cell cycle arrest while maintaining relatively low toxicity to normal cells. It exhibits antitumor activity by significantly inhibiting tumor growth.

TNF-α-IN-12, a TNF-α inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.1 μM, can reduce TNF-α blood levels [1].

eIF4A-IN-3 (Compound 71E) is an inhibitor of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A (eIF4A). This compound can be utilized as a cytotoxic payload for antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs).

ASP9831 is an orally active PDE4 inhibitor. It suppresses LPS-induced TNF-α production and exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. ASP9831 is useful in the study of steatohepatitis.

Antitumor agent-72 (compound 6w) is a potent anticancer agent that exhibits its anticancer activity by inducing apoptosis via caspase-3 activation and PARP

HDAC-IN-27 dihydrochloride (Compound 11h) is a potent, orally active, HDACI class-selective inhibitor, with IC50 values ranging from 0.43 to 3.01 nM for HDAC1-3. This compound exhibits both in vivo and in vitro anticancer activity. HDAC-IN-27 shows significant antiproliferative effects against acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines by inducing apoptosis and histone acetylation (AcHH3 and AcHH4). It is useful for research on acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

PKM2-IN-6 (compound 7d) is an orally active PKM2 inhibitor (IC50=23 nM) capable of inducing apoptosis and G2 cell cycle arrest. It reduces PKM1 and PKM2 expression at the mRNA level, exhibits antitumour activity, and is suitable for investigating triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).

<p>PARP/NAMPT-IN-1 (Compound 13j) is a dual-target inhibitor of PARP and NAMPT, with IC50 values of 0.8 nM for PARP1 and 18 nM for NAMPT. It suppresses breast cancer cell proliferation and migration, inducing apoptosis. PARP/NAMPT-IN-1 is applicable for research on triple-negative breast cancer.</p>

Lepidozin G blocks cancer growth (IC50=4.2-5.7μM) and triggers apoptosis in PC-3 cells via mitochondria.

Evo312 is an inhibitor of protein kinase C beta I (PKCβI) with an IC50 of 117.34 nM and exhibits dose-dependent characteristics. It acts by inhibiting the expression of the PKCβI protein, which leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in PANC-GR (gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells). Evo312 also demonstrates antiproliferative effects in pancreatic cancer cells PANC-1 and PANC-GR, with IC50 values of 0.08 μM and 0.07 μM respectively, while presenting an IC50 of 2.95 μM in normal human pancreatic ductal epithelial cells HPDE6-c7. Additionally, Evo312 has shown antitumor activity in a mouse xenograft model using PANC-GR cells.

VEGFR-2-IN-52 (compound 14d) serves as a powerful inhibitor of VEGFR-2, exhibiting an IC 50 of 191.1 nM. It effectively reduces the protein expression levels of p-VEGFR-2, MMP9, p-ERK1/2, and p-MEK1. In addition, VEGFR-2-IN-52 demonstrates cytotoxic properties by inducing apoptosis and arresting the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase, and it enhances the levels of ROS.

NLRP3-IN-72 (Compound 2) is a benzimidazole derivative. It exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, with an IC50 of 0.3 μM for NLRP3 IL-1β, a PD50 of 0.4 μM for protection against cell pyroptosis, and an EC50 of 0.6 μM for inducing HO-1.

HDAC-IN-34 inhibits HDAC1 (IC50: 0.022 μM) & HDAC6 (IC50: 0.45 μM), binds DNA causing damage, and halts HCT-116 cell growth (IC50: 1.41 μM).

Erythromycin B exhibits antimalarial activity by effectively inhibiting the asexual growth of Plasmodium falciparum.

Compound 5a, an anticancer agent, enhances P53 and has antiproliferative effects.

PARP1/BRD4-IN-2, a potent inhibitor of PARP1 and BRD4, halts cell cycle, triggers apoptosis, and has antitumor effects on TNBC.

MAO-B-IN-45 is a dual inhibitor of ferroptosis and MAO-B. It selectively inhibits MAO-B with an IC50 of 87.47 nM, demonstrating a selectivity over MAO-A by more than 229 times. In vitro, MAO-B-IN-45 exhibits significant anti-ferroptosis activity by modulating iron metabolism pathways and the GSH-GPX4 axis. Additionally, it improves cognitive and behavioral deficits in 3×Tg (APP/Tau/Ps1) Alzheimer's disease mice and significantly reduces levels of ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1), β-amyloid protein (APP), and Tau protein phosphorylation (p-Tau) in their brains.

GI-Y2 is a GSDMD inhibitor that suppresses macrophage pyroptosis induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). In vivo, GI-Y2 dose-dependently reduces atherosclerotic plaques and decreases lesion size and fibrosis in the aortic root of ApoE-/- mice. GI-Y2 holds potential for research in pyroptosis and cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis.

L-threo-Sphingosine C-18 is a protein kinase C inhibitor.

ZLMT-12: tacrine derivative, inhibits CDK2/CDK9, weak on AChE/BuChE, anti-proliferative, low toxicity, blocks S/G2/M phase, induces apoptosis.

Ferroptosis-IN-15 (compound 12) serves as an effective inhibitor of ferroptosis, exhibiting EC50 values of 0.76 μM and 0.67 μM in A375 cells and 786-O cells, respectively. It acts as a potential iron chelator and radical-scavenging antioxidant.

T0080 is an FPR-1 antagonist. It reduces apoptosis (Apoptosis) and inhibits the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) in plaque macrophages within ApoE−/− mouse models, thereby slowing the progression of atherosclerosis.

BRD-K56819078, a Bcl-2 inhibitor, significantly reduces the burden of senescent cells and the mRNA expression of aging-related genes in the kidneys. It exerts its anti-aging effects by inhibiting cell apoptosis (apoptosis).

JR5-26B is an orally active apoptosis (apoptosis) inducer. It induces cell death via copper-mediated apoptosis and necroptosis (necroptosis). JR5-26B exhibits antiproliferative activity against MIA PaCa-2, PANC-1, PAN02, SU.86.86, and KPC-2 cells, with IC50 values of 0.6, 4.4, 8.0, 1.1, and 3.4 μM, respectively.

Tubulin inhibitor 14 blocks NQO2 and microtubule formation, disrupts blood vessels, and may target tumors; IC50 of 1.0 μM.

RIPK1-IN-19 is a selective and potent RIPK1 inhibitor that protects against cell necrosis in the tnf α-induced SIRS model and IMQ-induced psoriasis model.

Akt/NF-κB/JNK-IN-1 (Compound 2i) is an inhibitor of Akt, NF-κB and JNK signalling pathways.Akt/NF-κB/JNK-IN-1 exhibits an inhibitory effect on nitric oxide

p53 Activator 14 (Compound 7A) is a derivative of Neratinib that can induce DNA damage and activate p53, thereby inhibiting the proliferation of various cancer cells, with an IC50 of 7.21 μM for HCT116 cells. This compound hinders adhesion, migration, and invasion of HCT116 cells, disrupts the cell cycle, and triggers apoptosis. In addition, p53 Activator 14 exhibits anti-tumor properties and inhibits angiogenesis in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model.

SIJ1777, a derivative of GNF-7, exhibits potent anticancer effects against melanoma cells harboring BRAFI/II/III mutations. The compound significantly inhibits the activation of MEK, ERK, and AKT. Furthermore, SIJ1777 notably induces apoptosis (cell death) and effectively prevents migration, invasion, and anchorage-independent growth of melanoma cells with BRAFI/II/III mutations.

LLW-018 is a potent PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 2.61 nM. It can disrupt the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction, with a cell-based PD-1/PD-L1 blocking bioassay IC50 value of 0.88 μM. LLW-018 holds potential for research in immune-related diseases.

Neuroprotective agent 11 (Compound 1a) is an orally active polyphenolic compound that offers significant protection against cerebral ischemia. Its primary activities include inhibiting neuronal inflammation and apoptosis, reducing cerebral infarct size, and improving behavioral symptoms in mice with cerebral ischemia. The mechanism involves downregulating inflammatory factors (iNOS, COX-2) and apoptotic proteins (cleaved-Caspase3, p53). Neuroprotective agent 11 is applicable for research in ischemia-related brain diseases, such as ischemic stroke.

PI4KIII beta inhibitor 4 (Compound 16) is a selective inhibitor of PI4KIIIβ with an IC50 of 0.005 μM. By inhibiting the PI3K/AKT pathway, PI4KIII beta inhibitor 4 induces apoptosis, causes cell cycle arrest, and triggers autophagy in tumor cells. This compound is applicable for tumor research.

CIL-102 is an apoptosis inducer that functions as an MMP-2/MMP-9 inhibitor, effectively reducing both the protein expression and mRNA levels of MMP-2/MMP-9. CIL-102 also demonstrates anticancer activity.

DC-U4106: USP8 inhibitor, Kd 4.7μM, IC50 1.2μM, degrades Erα, low-toxicity tumor suppressor for breast cancer research.

RET-IN-10: Potent RET inhibitor, may treat congenital megacolon and tumors (Patent WO2021135938A1, compound 18).

Tuvusertib (M1774), an oral ATR inhibitor (Ki<1µM), selectively blocks CHK1 phosphorylation, disrupts DNA repair, and induces tumor cell apoptosis.

Zharp1-211 is a RIPK3 inhibitor，reduces JAK/ stat1-mediated chemokines and MHC class II molecules in IECs, (GVHD) for gastrointestinal inflammation.

HC-5404 is a potent and selective PERK inhibitor, blocking the activation of the PERK pathway, anti-tumor effects, advanced solid tumors and renal cell Cancer.

UH15-38 is a potent and selective RIPK3 inhibitor that blocks necroptosis in alveolar epithelial cells triggered by IAV, useful for studying lung inflammation.

Enbezotinib is an inhibitor of RET autophosphorylation and can be used in cancer research.

Vatalanib hydrochloride (PTK787 hydrochloride) is an orally available and highly potent tyrosine kinase (VEGF) inhibitor that reduces the number and size of Aβ plaques in the cortex of 5xFAD mice, which may be useful in the study of Alzheimer's disease and cancer.

<p>Lometrexol (LY 264618) is an antifolate that inhibits GARFT, blocks purine synthesis, induces apoptosis, and has anticancer properties.</p>

PF-07328948 is a branched-chain keto-acid dehydrogenase kinase (BDK) inhibitor, useful for studying CVD metabolic disorders.

BCL6-IN-3: potent BCL6 inhibitor, 70 nM GI50 in SU-DHL4, affects cell functions, antitumor.

Milademetan (DS-3032), an MDM2 inhibitor, exhibits antitumor activity, induces G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and can be used to study solid tumors.

Zotatifin (eFT226) is a selective eIF4A inhibitor with antiviral and antitumor properties, inhibiting Sox4 translation and inducing apoptosis.

Darizmetinib (HRX215) is an MKK4 inhibitor.

SY-5609 (CDK7-IN-3) is a selective non-covalent CDK7 inhibitor, with weak inhibitory activity against CDK2, CDK9 and CDK12.Cost-effective and quality-assured.

Nalmefene (ORF 11676) is a μ-opioid antagonist and partial κ agonist used in the study of opioid overdose and alcohol dependence.

<p>CP-4126, a lipophilic pro-drug of Gemcitabine, converts to active form by esterases, allowing oral administration with dose-dependent effects.</p>

JAK2-IN-7 selectively inhibits JAK2 (IC50: 3 nM), shows 14-fold selectivity over JAK1/3, FLT3, induces G0/G1 arrest, apoptosis, and has antitumor effects.

<p>FX-11: potent LDHA inhibitor (Ki 8 μM), activates PKM2, reduces ATP, induces oxidative stress/ROS, cell death, shows antitumor effects.</p>

OBAA is a potent inhibitor of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) with an IC 50 of 70 nM. OBAA blocks Melittin-induced Ca 2+ influx in Trypanosoma brucei with an IC 50 of 0.4 μM [1] [2] [3].

(R)-Verapamil hydrochloride ((R)-(+)-Verapamil hydrochloride) is an inhibitor of P-Glycoprotein.

PIM-447 dihydrochloride is an orally available and selective inhibitor of pan-PIM kinase(Ki values of 6, 18, and 9 pM for PIM1, PIM2, and PIM3, respectively).

Beta-Zearalenol, a derivative of zearalenone (ZEA) capable of conjugating with glucuronic acid[2], is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium spp. It induces apoptosis and oxidative stress in mammalian reproductive cells[1].

AP1867-3-(aminoethoxy) is a synthetic ligand for FKBP and can be used in the synthesis of PROTAC FKBP12 F36V degrader.

WEHI-539 hydrochloride is a selective Bcl-XL inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.1 nM.

PRGL493 blocks ACSL4, halts PC3/MDA-MB-231 cancer cell spread, and inhibits MA-10 tumor progesterone. Effective in mouse PC3 tumor model at 0.25 mg/kg.

Thalidomide-O-C6-COOH is a synthetic conjugate that combines a Thalidomide-derived cereblon ligand with a PROTAC technology linker (E3 ligase ligand-linker).

PGA2 is a naturally occurring prostaglandin in gorgonian corals where it may function in self defense. It is generally not present in mammals. PGA2 has low biological potency in most bioassays, but it does show some antiviral/antitumor activity.[1] At a 25 uM concentration, PGA2 blocks the cell cycle progression of NIH 3T3 cells at the G1 and G2/M phase .[2] It has also been shown to act as a vasodilator with natriuretic properties.[3]

Yatein inhibits herpes simplex virus type 1 replication by interruption the immediate-early gene expression. Yatein is a lignan isolated from A. chilensis. It also has antiproliferative activity.

Ac-IETD-CHO TFA is a granzyme B and caspase-8 inhibitor that inhibits caspase8 activity by blocking caspase3 precursor cleavage.Ac-IETD-CHO TFA inhibits Fas-mediated apoptosis.

SCH79797 is a potent and specific protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) antagonistwith antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects.

Swainsonine (Tridolgosir) is an alkaloid isolated from Astragalus membranaceus and is a potent and reversible inhibitor of alpha-mannosidase. swainsonine has antitumour activity and induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase.

BPH-675 is a bioactive chemical.

Vatiquinone, also known as EPI 743, is an orally bioavailable para-benzoquinone being developed for inherited mitochondrial diseases. The mechanism of action of EPI-743 involves augmenting the synthesis of glutathione, optimizing metabolic control, enhanc

DB818 is a synthetic Homeobox A9 (HOXA9) inhibitor and can be used for research on the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia associated with HOXA9 overexpression.

Thalidomide-O-amido-C4-NH2 hydrochloride, a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate, combines the cereblon ligand derived from Thalidomide with a linker and is commonly used in the synthesis of PROTACs[1].

Thalidomide-O-C5-NH2 hydrochloride is a synthetic compound consisting of a ligand-linker conjugate with E3 ligase activity. It combines a cereblon ligand based on Thalidomide and a linker commonly utilized in PROTAC technology.

Mcl-1 inhibitor 6 binds Mcl-1 with KD 0.23 nM and Ki 0.02 μM, shows strong selectivity over Bcl-2 family, and demonstrates antitumor efficacy.

Ingenol 3,20-dibenzoate is a powerful activator of protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms that effectively induces the translocation of nPKC-delta, -epsilon, and -theta, as well as PKC-mu, from the cytosolic fraction to the particulate fraction. Through de novo synthesis of macromolecules, it triggers apoptosis with characteristic morphology. Moreover, Ingenol 3,20-dibenzoate enhances IFN-γ production and degranulation in NK cells, particularly when stimulated by NSCLC cells[1][2].

Imifoplatin (PT-112) is a platinum compound with antitumor activity and may be used to study prostate cancer and immune system disorders.

Thalidomide-5-COOH is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T64600 and the CAS number is 1216805-11-6.

RRD-251 is an Rb-Raf-1 interaction inhibitor that induces apoptosis in metastatic melanoma cells and synergizes with dacarbazine[1].

Carubicin HCl is an anthracycline antineoplastic antibiotic. Through intercalates into DNA and interacts with topoisomerase II, Carubicin inhibits DNA replication and repair and RNA and protein synthesis.

ENMD-2076 is an orally active kinase inhibitor. It also has antiangiogenic and antiproliferative mechanisms of action.

A-192621 is a potent, nonpeptide, orally active, and selective endothelin B (ETB) receptor antagonist with an IC50 of 4.5 nM and a Ki of 8.8 nM. A-192621 promotes apoptosis in PASMCs and elevates both arterial blood pressure and plasma ET-1 levels[1][2][3]. Its selectivity is 636-fold higher for ETB than ETA (IC50 of 4280 nM and Ki of 5600 nM).

Dihydroartemisinin (mixture of α and β isomers) is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T64399 and the CAS number is 131175-87-6.

MI-773 is a potent inhibitor of the MDM2-p53 protein interaction (PPI) with a high affinity for MDM2 and a Kd value of 8.2 nM. MI-773 exhibits antitumour effects.

Ciprofloxacin lactate is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T66299 and the CAS number is 97867-33-9.

XMU-MP-3 is a robust, non-covalent inhibitor of BTK, exhibiting exceptional potency with IC50 values of 10.7 nM and 17.0 nM for BTK WT and BTK C481S mutation, respectively, in the presence of 10 μM ATP. Moreover, XMU-MP-3 elicits apoptosis.

<p>CTB (Cholera Toxin B subunit) is an activator of p300 histone acetyltransferase and induces apoptosis in MCF-7 cells.</p>

<p>Anti-TNBC agent-2 (3j), a purine derivative, acts as an anti-triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) therapeutic.</p>

<p>IHMT-MST1-39 is an orally effective MST kinase inhibitor with IC50 values of 42 nM for MST1 and 109 nM for MST2. It activates the AMPK signaling pathway in hepatocytes and inhibits apoptosis in pancreatic β cells. Additionally, IHMT-MST1-39 improves type 1 diabetes in mice induced by Streptozotocin.</p>

<p>Cyy-272 is an orally active JNK inhibitor with IC50 values of 1.25, 1.07, and 1.24 μM against JNK1, JNK2, and JNK3, respectively. It exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the phosphorylation of JNK, thereby alleviating acute lung injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Moreover, Cyy-272 significantly reduces inflammation in cardiomyocytes and cardiac tissues caused by high lipid concentrations, further mitigating resultant cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and apoptosis. Cyy-272 is utilized in the study of obesity-related myocarditis.</p>

<p>CHMFL-48, an orally active inhibitor of BCR-ABL kinase, demonstrates efficacy against both the wild-type (wt) and various imatinib-resistant mutants. It exhibits potent inhibitory activity, with IC 50 values of 1 nM for the ABL wild-type and 0.8 nM for the ABL T315I mutant. CHMFL-48 operates by inhibiting the autophosphorylation of both wild-type and mutant BCR-ABL, affecting downstream signaling mediators including STAT5 and CRKL. This disruption leads to cell cycle arrest and triggers apoptosis. Given its properties, CHMFL-48 is a promising candidate for research on chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).</p>

<p>ZSQ836 is a dual covalent inhibitor of CDK12/CDK13 with oral bioactivity, displaying an EC50 value of 32 nM against CDK12. This compound can induce cell apoptosis (apoptosis) and demonstrates in vivo anticancer properties. ZSQ836 is applicable for research in ovarian cancer.</p>

<p>SMIP34 is an inhibitor of PELP1 that demonstrates the capability to reduce cell viability and colony formation. Additionally, SMIP34 induces cell apoptosis (apoptosis) and causes cell cycle arrest in the S phase. It reduces the expression of PELP1 and exhibits anti-tumor activity. SMIP34 also has potential for research in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).</p>

<p>DETD-35 is a promising chemical compound in anti-melanoma therapy, functioning as an inhibitor of the MEK-ERK, Akt, and STAT3 signaling pathways. It enhances cancer cell apoptosis (Apoptosis) and diminishes resistance to Vemurafenib in cancer cells. The compound exhibits IC 50 values of 2.7, 6.0, 3.9, 3.1, and 2.5 μM against melanoma cell lines B16-F10, MeWo, SK-MEL-2, A2058c, and A375c, respectively. DETD-35 offers significant potential for advancing research in melanoma treatment strategies.</p>