Antibiotics

<p>Broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent</p>

<p>N-Demethyl erythromycin A is a metabolite of erythromycin with narrow-spectrum antibiotic activity and is used for research on erythromycin derivatives.</p>

<p>Geneticin is very efficient against gram-negative bacteria, however it is not applied for treating infections due to high renal toxicity. Geneticin and its resistance genes found application in the selection of transgenic cell lines including yeasts such as P. pastoris and S. serevisiae, other eukaryotic cell lines such as CHO or HEK293, but also plant cells and bacterial cells.</p>

<p>Dihydrostreptomycin B is an aminoglycoside antibiotic, which is derived from the bacterium Streptomyces griseus. This antibiotic operates by binding to the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, leading to the inhibition of protein synthesis. The binding disrupts the decoding site, causing misreading of mRNA and ultimately resulting in bactericidal activity.</p>

<p>Binds to 70S ribosomal subunit; inhibits translocation and induces miscoding</p>

<p>Inhibitor of DNA synthesis; fluoroquinolone class</p>

<p>Inhibitor of RNA polymerases; inhibitor of HSP27-cytoskeleton interactions</p>

<p>Inhibitor of protein synthesis; lincosamide class</p>

<p>N-Demethyl roxithromycin is a metabolite of roxithromycin with action on bacterial protein synthesis inhibition and is used for research on macrolide antibiotics.</p>

<p>Mezlocillin is a ureidopenicillin antibiotic with action on bacterial cell wall synthesis and is used for treating gram-negative and anaerobic bacterial infections.</p>

<p>Valinomycin is an ionophore antibiotic with action on potassium ion transport across cell membranes and is used for research on ion transport and as an antimicrobial agent.</p>

<p>Daunorubicin is an anthracycline antibiotic and antineoplastic agent that is used in the treatment of a variety of cancers such as nonlymphocytic leukemia and acute lymphocytic leukemia. The drug binds to DNA and inhibits transcription by intercalating between DNA base pairs and affecting the activity of the topoisomerase II enzyme and thus the gene expression. This results in apoptosis, mitochondrial injury, and finally cell death.</p>

<p>Inhibitor of protein synthesis; aminoglycoside</p>

Actinomycin D is an antibiotic commonly used in chemotherapy for cancer treatment, such as sarcomas, and pediatric solid tumors, Wilm’s tumor, testicular cancer, and choriocarcinoma; it is generally not very useful in antibiotic therapy. It acts as a transcription inhibitor, binding to DNA duplexes at the transcription initiation complex and preventing RNA polymerase elongation.

<p>Dihydrostreptomycin sesquisulfate, EP is an aminoglycoside antibiotic, structurally derived from Streptomyces griseus. This compound originates from microbial biosynthesis, a method which harnesses the natural antibiotic-producing capabilities of microbial cultures. The mode of action of dihydrostreptomycin sesquisulfate involves binding to the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes, which interrupts the process of protein synthesis, ultimately leading to bacterial cell death.</p>

<p>1,3-Di-HABA kanamycin A is a derivative of kanamycin A, an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections by blocking cell wall synthesis or by inhibiting protein synthesis.</p>

Tebuconazole is a triazole fungicide with action on fungal cell membranes by inhibiting ergosterol biosynthesis and is used for controlling fungal diseases in crops like cereals and vegetables.

<p>Inhibitor of protein synthesis; aminoglycoside</p>

<p>Sulfasalazine is a disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) with action on reducing inflammation and immune system activity and is used for treating rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease.</p>

<p>Teicoplanin is related to vancomycin and has similar effects against gram-positive bacteria and anaerobes, and usually requires less frequent administration than vancomycin, but it is less efficient against S. haemolyticus. Due its size and polarity, teicoplanin can’t pass through the membrane of gram-negative bacteria thus it is not active against them. It is used to treat severe infections such as septicemia, endocarditis, bone and joint infections.</p>

<p>β-lactam antibiotic of penicillin subclass, which inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by targeting the proteoglycan synthesis. Cloxacillin has a narrow spectrum of action and is effective against Gram-positive organisms. Cloxacillin is resistant to the action of β-lactamase and therefore preferentially used for treatment of Staphylococcal infections.</p>

<p>Nalidixic acid is a quinolone antibiotic with action on bacterial DNA gyrase to inhibit DNA replication and is used for treating urinary tract infections caused by gram-negative bacteria.</p>

<p>Amphotericin B is a macrocycle antibiotic first isolated from Streptomyces nodosus. Its antifungal activity is exerted by interacting with the fungal membrane, mainly ergosterol, and inducing pore formation. The increase in membrane permeability causes loss of ions and cell death. The C-2’ hydroxyl residue of the mycosamine carbohydrate moiety in the structure seems to have a major role in binding to ergosterol. It is used in cell culture to prevent growth of microbial contaminants, such as yeast and fungi. It is recommended by the WHO and CDC as an antifungal component for VTM at a concentration of 250ug/ml.</p>

<p>Dihydrostreptomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action on bacterial protein synthesis inhibition and is used for treating tuberculosis and bacterial infections in veterinary medicine.</p>

<p>Cefuroxime axetil is a prodrug of cefuroxime with action on bacterial cell wall synthesis and is used for treating bacterial infections like sinusitis, bronchitis, and gonorrhea.</p>

<p>Leucomycin A3 is a macrolide antibiotic with a mode of action that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit. It is used for treating bacterial infections and has shown potential antiviral activity.</p>

<p>Bleomycin A5 inhibits DNA replication and repair. It also cleaves RNA in vitro and in vivo, and exhibits anticancer activity. It is used for various types of cancer such as squamous cell cancers, melanoma, sarcoma, testicular and ovarian cancer, Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.</p>

<p>Netilmicin sulfate is an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action on bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit and is used for treating severe bacterial infections.</p>

<p>Ethambutol is an antimicrobial compound, specifically an antitubercular agent, which is a synthetic derivative of ethylenediamine. It is classified as a bacteriostatic agent that primarily targets Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The mode of action of Ethambutol involves the inhibition of arabinosyl transferases, enzymes essential for the polymerization of arabinogalactan, a critical component of the mycobacterial cell wall. By disrupting cell wall biosynthesis, Ethambutol effectively hampers the growth and proliferation of the bacteria.</p>

<p>Bedaquiline fumarate is the salt form of bedaquiline, a diarylquinoline molecule with an ATP synthetase inhibitory activity. Bedaquiline fumarate is an FDA-approved drug for the oral treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Bedaquiline fumarate acts by inhibiting the activity of the ATP synthetase in the pathogenic bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, even in the case of multiple antibiotic resistant strains.</p>

This product is part of our Bio-X ™ Range. These products are aimed at life science researchers who need high quality ready-to-use products for assay development, screening or other R&D work. With a solubility datasheet and convenient vials, all of our Bio-X ™ products are in stock across our global warehouses for rapid delivery and ease of use.

<p>Inhibitor of DNA replication; inhibitor of theophylline and caffeine metabolism</p>

<p>Enoxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic with action on bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV and is used for treating urinary tract infections and gonorrhea.</p>

<p>4'-Epidaunorubicin hydrochloride is an anthracycline antibiotic derivative, which is synthesized from modifications of natural products. It functions as a topoisomerase II inhibitor, which intercalates into DNA strands and disrupts replication and transcription, thereby inhibiting cancer cell proliferation. This compound is primarily utilized in the field of oncology for its potent anti-tumor activities. By forming stable complexes with DNA and topoisomerase II, 4'-Epidaunorubicin hydrochloride induces breaks in the DNA strands, leading to apoptosis of cancer cells. It is often used in treatment protocols for various malignancies, including leukemia and solid tumors. While highly effective, its administration is carefully managed to mitigate potential cardiotoxicity, a common attribute of anthracycline drugs. Research continues to explore its full potential and optimize delivery methods to enhance its therapeutic index.</p>

<p>Erythromycin stearate is a macrolide antibiotic with action on bacterial protein synthesis inhibition and is used for treating respiratory tract infections, skin infections, and sexually transmitted infections.</p>

<p>A fluoroquinolone antibiotic which inhibits nucleic acid synthesis by targeting the DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. This second-generation fluoroquinolone has a broad spectrum of action and is more effective against Gram-negative bacteria.</p>

<p>Torezolid (Tedizolid) is an oxazolidinone antibiotic with action on bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit and is used for treating acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections.</p>

<p>Cefpodoxime proxetil is a prodrug of cefpodoxime with action on bacterial cell wall synthesis and is used for treating bacterial infections such as pneumonia, bronchitis, and gonorrhea.</p>

<p>Cycloheximide is produced by the bacteria Streptomyces griseus. In eukaryotic organisms, it acts as an inhibitor of protein biosynthesis, interfering with protein elongation by binding to the E-site of ribosomes, after two elongation cycles. It has many in vitro applications, with the most popular being to determine a protein’s half-life. It is used as an antifungal in VTM. It does not appear to inhibit cell culture or viral replication at a concentration of 10ug/ml.</p>

<p>Avibactam free acid is a β-lactamase inhibitor and is used for the treatment of bacterial infections in combination with β-lactam antibiotics. It inactivates β-lactamases by a covalent and reversible mechanism</p>

<p>Broad-spectrum antibiotic; bacterial cell wall biogenesis inhibitor</p>

<p>Paromomycin sulfate is an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action on bacterial protein synthesis inhibition and is used for treating intestinal infections and leishmaniasis.</p>

<p>Ceftaroline fosamil acetate hydrate is a fifth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with action against gram-positive bacteria, including MRSA and is used for treating bacterial skin infections and community-acquired pneumonia.</p>

<p>Antibiotic; inhibits bacterial mRNA translation; inhibits monoamine oxidase</p>

<p>Moxalactam Sodium Salt (Mixture of diastereomers) is an oxacephem antibiotic with action on bacterial cell wall synthesis and is used for treating infections caused by gram-negative bacteria like Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa</p>

Tiamulin fumarate is a pleuromutilin antibiotic with action on bacterial protein synthesis by targeting the 50S ribosomal subunit and is used for treating swine dysentery and respiratory infections in livestock.

<p>Ribostamycin sulphate is an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action on bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit and is used for treating bacterial infections like sepsis and pneumonia.</p>

<p>Faropenem sodium hemipentahydrate is a penem-class beta-lactam antibiotic with action on bacterial cell wall synthesis and is used for treating respiratory, skin, and urinary tract infections.</p>

<p>Herbicidin B is a natural herbicidal compound, which is a secondary metabolite produced through the fermentation of certain Streptomyces species. This compound functions as a potent inhibitor of plant growth by interfering with essential physiological processes within the plant cells. The mode of action of Herbicidin B primarily involves disruption of metabolic pathways that are critical for the development and survival of plants, leading to effective control of undesired vegetation.</p>

<p>Tilmicosin is a macrolide antibiotic with action on bacterial protein synthesis inhibition and is used for treating respiratory infections in cattle and sheep.</p>

<p>Bicozamycin is an antibiotic and is used for the treatment of bacterial infections. It inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase.</p>

<p>Cefazolin sodium is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with action on bacterial cell wall synthesis and is used for treating bacterial infections and surgical prophylaxis.</p>

<p>Apramycin sulfate is a semisynthetic antibiotic that inhibits the growth of Gram-negative bacteria. It is a sulfonamide and has been used in clinical isolates to treat bacterial infections. Apramycin sulfate inhibits the biosynthesis of folic acid, which is important for DNA synthesis and cell division. It also inhibits the production of RNA by binding to ribosomes and inhibiting protein synthesis. Apramycin has been shown to have anticancer properties as well, with studies showing that it can inhibit tumor growth in vitro and in vivo.</p>

<p>Pristinamycin is a streptogramin antibiotic with action on bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit and is used for treating staphylococcal and streptococcal infections, including MRSA.</p>

<p>Piperacillin sodium is a broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic with action on bacterial cell wall synthesis and is used for treating severe infections caused by gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa.</p>

<p>Cephalosporin C zinc is a zinc salt form of cephalosporin C with action on bacterial cell wall synthesis and is used for studying bacterial resistance and cell wall synthesis.</p>

<p>Ornidazole is a nitroimidazole antibiotic with action on DNA synthesis disruption in anaerobic bacteria and protozoa and is used for treating infections like amoebiasis, giardiasis, and trichomoniasis.</p>

<p>Fidaxomicin is a macrocyclic antibiotic with action on bacterial RNA polymerase and is used for treating Clostridium difficile infections.</p>

Novobiocin sodium salt inhibits bacterial growth by binding to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, blocking the peptidyl transferase activity required for protein synthesis. The drug binds to DNA sequences containing glucuronic acid, which are essential for peptide bond formation. Novobiocin sodium can be found in pharmaceuticals due to its antimicrobial activity and membrane stability, which makes it suitable for pressuring ionization techniques. It also exhibits less resistance than other antibiotics like triclosan or nalidixic acid because it does not typically bind to the membranes of cells.

<p>Inhibitor of cell-wall synthesis; cephalosporin class</p>

<p>Oleandomycin phosphate is a macrolide antibiotic with action on bacterial protein synthesis inhibition and is used for treating respiratory tract infections and as a veterinary antibiotic.</p>

<p>Danofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic with action on bacterial DNA gyrase inhibition and is used for treating respiratory and enteric infections in veterinary medicine.</p>

<p>Dibekacin sulfate is an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action on bacterial protein synthesis inhibition and is used for treating severe gram-negative bacterial infections.</p>

<p>Cefuroxime sodium is a sodium salt form of cefuroxime with similar action and applications as cefuroxime.</p>

<p>Levofloxacin Hemihydrate is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic with a mode of action that inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. It is used for treating bacterial infections, similar to its anhydrous form.</p>

<p>Balofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic and is used for the treatment of bacterial infections. It inhibits DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, preventing DNA replication and transcription.</p>

<p>Tetracycline hydrochloride - USP is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, which is a synthetic derivative of chlortetracycline produced from the bacterium *Streptomyces aureofaciens*. It functions by inhibiting protein synthesis in bacteria, specifically binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit. This action prevents the attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA to the mRNA-ribosome complex, thereby halting bacterial growth and replication.</p>

<p>A sulfanilide anti-bacterial agent used to treat various skin diseases</p>

<p>Inhibitor of protein synthesis; aminoglycoside</p>

<p>Maduramicin ammonium is an anticoccidial agent with action on protozoal parasites by disrupting ion gradients and is used for preventing coccidiosis in poultry.</p>

<p>25-Desacetylrifampin is the main metabolite of rifampicin, used in the treatment of tuberculosis. 25-Desacetylrifampin has partial actvity.</p>

<p>Roxithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic with action on bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit and is used for treating respiratory, skin, and soft tissue infections.</p>

Sitafloxacin sesquihydrate is a fourth-generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic with action on bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV and is used for treating respiratory, urinary, and gastrointestinal infections.

<p>Mitomycin A is an antitumor antibiotic with action on DNA cross-linking to inhibit replication and is used for treating various cancers and in research applications.</p>

<p>Pirazinecarboxamide (Pyrazinamide) is an antitubercular agent with action on Mycobacterium tuberculosis by disrupting membrane energetics and is used for treating tuberculosis in combination with other drugs.</p>

<p>Antibiotic of fluoroquinolone class; DNA replication inhibitor</p>

Cefuroxime is a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with action on bacterial cell wall synthesis and is used for treating respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, and Lyme disease.

<p>Avermectin B1a (&gt;85%) is a macrolide anthelmintic and is used for the treatment of parasitic infections. It enhances the effects of glutamate at the glutamate-gated chloride channels, causing paralysis and death of the parasite</p>

<p>Antineoplastic antibiotic; RNA synthesis inhibitor</p>