Building Blocks

Versatile small molecule scaffold

<p>3-Cyano-1-methylpyridin-1-ium iodide is a reactive chemical that can be used as an electrophilic reagent. It reacts with amines, anilines, and pyridones to produce N-substituted pyridinium salts. 3-Cyano-1-methylpyridin-1-ium iodide also reacts with chloride ions to form the corresponding chlorides. This compound has been used in the synthesis of nucleophilic attack products such as benzyl bromide and phenylacetaldehyde.</p>

<p>4-Aminomethyl-phenol hydrochloride is a chemical compound that belongs to the group of amines. It is a white solid with a melting point of 126 °C and can be found in 5-ht7 receptor binding studies. 4-Aminomethyl-phenol hydrochloride has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on the dopamine receptors, which are involved in the regulation of movement and emotions. The inhibition of these receptors leads to decreased heart rate and blood pressure, as well as other symptoms such as nausea and vomiting. 4-Aminomethyl-phenol hydrochloride has also been shown to be a natriuretic agent, which reduces the concentration of sodium ions in urine by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium ions from the kidney tubules. This drug is used for the treatment of high blood pressure.END&gt;</p>

<p>(4-Methylenecyclohexyl)methanol is a high-boiling liquid that is used as a solvent for various organic reactions. It is prepared by the oxymercuration of 4-methylcyclohexanol in the presence of tert-butyl alcohol and borohydride. The reaction proceeds with the formation of tert-butyl (4-methylenecyclohexyl) ether, which is hydrolyzed to give (4-methylenecyclohexyl)methanol. This intermediate can be further reduced with borohydride to yield tert-butyl alcohol.</p>

<p>2,6-Dimethyl-4H-pyran-4-thione is a ligand that binds to metal ions and forms coordination complexes. It has been shown to be an effective catalyst for the oxidation of alcohols and amines with molecular oxygen. 2,6-Dimethyl-4H-pyran-4-thione can also be used in the synthesis of organic compounds by reacting with halides. The optical and vibrational spectra are linear at low temperatures and exponentially increase at higher temperatures. This compound can be crystallized by XRD or fluorescence methods, depending on the desired outcome. Solvents such as acetone, NMP, DMSO, THF, water, and chloroform have been shown to affect the crystal structure of this compound in varying degrees.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Methyl 3-methylisoxazole-5-carboxylate is an organic compound that belongs to the aldoxime class. It is used as a reagent in organic synthesis and as an intermediate in the synthesis of other compounds. Methyl 3-methylisoxazole-5-carboxylate can be prepared by the reaction of methyl chloroformate and 3-methylisoxazol-5-one. This compound reacts with nitrite to form hypochlorite, which can be used as a bleach or disinfectant. Methyl 3-methylisoxazole-5-carboxylate also reacts with amides, nitriles, and oxides to give tertiary amines and oximes respectively. The reaction system can be further modified by bromination or oxidation to give bromomethyl or methyl isoxazolines respectively.

<p>N-Aminopyridine-2-carboximidamide (NAP) is a potent inhibitor of the β-catenin pathway. It is used to treat autoimmune diseases and cancer. NAP inhibits the activity of amidrazone, which is an inhibitor of the β-catenin pathway in mammalian cells. NAP has been shown to inhibit tumor growth and increase survival rates in mice with cancer. NAP also inhibits chloride channels, leading to hyperpolarization of human erythrocytes, which may contribute to its anti-inflammatory activity.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>1-Bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1,3,5-trien-7-ylmethanamine is an antitussive drug that acts as a radical and analgesic by binding to the opioid receptors in cells. 1-Bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1,3,5-trien-7-ylmethanamine has been shown to have antitussive effects in animal models with no observable side effects on the central nervous system and cardiovascular system. The identity of this compound has not yet been confirmed.END&gt;</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>2-(4-Methylthiophen-2-yl)acetic acid is a carboxylic acid herbicide that inhibits the growth of plants by inhibiting photosynthesis. It has been shown to be effective against many types of weeds, including grasses and broadleaf plants. 2-(4-Methylthiophen-2-yl)acetic acid is also an herbicidal agent that has been shown to have herbicidal activity against a number of plant species, including trees. This compound can be used as a herbicide because it is readily absorbed by the leaves when applied to the surface and moves through the plant's vascular system to all parts of the plant, including roots. 2-(4-Methylthiophen-2-yl)acetic acid binds with chlorine atoms from halide ions in order to form an acid halide, which kills cells at the site of contact.</p>

<p>1-Bromo-4-(ethenyloxy)benzene is a cationic monomer with a high polymerization degree. It is used in the production of cationic polymers and crosslinked polymers. The spectral data suggests that this monomer may be used as a vinyl acetate replacement. Potassium carbonate was used as the catalyst to polymerize 1-bromo-4-(ethenyloxy)benzene, but other catalysts are available for use.</p>

Versatile small molecule scaffold

<p>2-Azaspiro[4.5]decan-1-one is a lactam, which is a molecule that consists of a ring of five carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom. This compound has the molecular formula C8H12N2O2 and a molecular weight of 176.17 g/mol. The lactam ring is derived from the conformation, or shape, of the molecule, which is centrosymmetric. The carbonyl group in this compound is located on the molecule's second carbon atom from the left and has two hydrogens attached to it. This lactam also has a cyclohexane ring with an n-hexane (C6H14) substituent attached to its first carbon atom from the right and a methyl group (-CH3) attached to its third carbon atom from the right. The molecule's configuration depends on whether it contains an odd or even number of each type of bond: bonds that form between two adjacent atoms</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>9-Methyl-9H-purine-6-thiol is a photochemically reactive molecule that absorbs in the ultraviolet range. It is a nucleophilic, photophysical, and tautomeric molecule. This chemical is used to treat cancer by reacting with DNA bases. 9-Methyl-9H-purine-6-thiol can also react with thiols and form a covalent bond. The rate of this reaction increases when the pH of the solution decreases from 7 to 6.5 and it slows down when the pH is increased from 6.5 to 8. The UV spectrum for 9-methyl-9H-purine-6-thiol has been found at 215 nm, 270 nm, and 310 nm. High concentrations of this compound should be avoided because it may cause skin irritation or an allergic reaction.</p>

Versatile small molecule scaffold

<p>2-Bromo-4-fluorobenzamide is a functional group that reacts with other functional groups to form halogenated benzoic compounds. It can be used as a reagent for the halogenation of amides, esters, and substances. 2-Bromo-4-fluorobenzamide can also be used as a chemical transformation agent in organic synthesis. The discovery of this compound was the result of mechanistic chemistry research on the transformation of amides.</p>

<p>5-Iodoquinoline is a serotonin transporter inhibitor that has been shown to have antidepressant properties. The compound competes with serotonin for transport and prevents it from binding to the receptor, which leads to an increase in extracellular serotonin. This active form has been synthesized by the reaction of 5-iodotriphenylenes with cyclobutanones. The pharmacological activity of 5-iodoquinoline was studied in vivo and proved that this drug may be useful for the treatment of depression.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Alpha-cyclopropylbenzyl alcohol is an organic compound that belongs to the group of carbinols. The most common use of this compound is as a reactant in the Diels-Alder reaction. This reaction involves the formation of a new carbon-carbon bond with two electron-deficient olefins and a dienophile, which can be either an alkene or another diisocyanate. Alpha-cyclopropylbenzyl alcohol reacts selectively with methyl ethyl, isopropyl, and n-propyl groups, which are present in many diisocyanates. The product of this reaction is always a ring-opening adduct containing aldehydes or urethanes. These reactions often produce polyesters as well when alpha-cyclopropylbenzyl alcohol reacts with cyclohexanedimethanol.</p>

<p>N-Methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide (NDH) is a water soluble polymer that is synthesized from the reaction of fatty acids and formaldehyde. It can be used as a coagulant to remove suspended particles in wastewater. NDH has shown synergistic effects with other coagulant agents such as aluminium sulphate and ferric chloride. This polymer has been shown to have electrothermal treatment capabilities, which are able to remove organic matter from wastewater on an on-line basis. The kinetic energy of the vibrations in the polymer molecule leads to an increase in its solubility in water, allowing for easier removal of pollutants. This polymer also shows a significant reduction in the amount of dissolved oxygen during treatment, which leads to an increased rate of oxidation and decomposition.</p>

Versatile small molecule scaffold

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

4-Phenyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one is a drug that blocks the L type calcium channel. It has been shown to be effective against cervical cancer and cardiac arrhythmias. This drug binds to the l type calcium channels in tumor cells and prevents the influx of calcium ions into the cell, which would normally cause an increase in intracellular levels of cAMP and activation of protein kinase A. 4PHT is a piperazine derivative with an additional triazole group at position 2. It is an amine blocker that can also affect contractility by inhibiting phosphorylation of myosin light chains.

<p>2-(1,3,4-Oxadiazol-2-yl)phenol (ODAP) is a prodrug that can be converted to the active form, estradiol. It has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects and is used to treat nasal polyps. ODAP is also used as a site specific drug for the treatment of breast cancer. ODAP has been shown to inhibit the growth of bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Helicobacter pylori. ODAP binds to bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA and inhibits protein synthesis, leading to cell death by inhibiting the production of proteins vital for cell division.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>5-Methyl-3-phenyl-1,2-oxazole is a synthetic molecule that is postulated to be an isoxazole derivative. It has been shown to react with sodium chloride in the presence of organic solvents and hydrogen chloride to form a fluorinated salt. The reaction yield for this process was found to be low, however, the product was obtained in high purity. When irradiated or heated, 5-methyl-3-phenyl-1,2-oxazole undergoes thermal isomerization to form 3-(difluoromethyl)-5-(methyl)isoxazole.</p>

<p>1-Phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3(2H)-one is a molecule that has been synthesized in the form of a cyclic compound. It can be used for the synthesis of polymers, which are used as coatings and adhesives. The molecule's structure was determined by x-ray crystallography. The chemical properties of 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3(2H)-one depend on its oxidation state, which can be reversibly oxidized to the corresponding quinone with a cyclic voltammetry strategy. This process involves the use of a solid electrode and nonpolar solvents, such as chloroform or ether. This reaction is irreversible and leads to oxidation of 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3(2H)-one to the quinone form. The molecule has also been synthesized using a solid phase synthesis technique involving methoxy groups as monomers</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

Versatile small molecule scaffold

<p>2-Ethoxy-1H-indole is a synthetic, nucleophilic compound that has been shown to be an effective hydrogenation catalyst. The biological properties of 2-ethoxy-1H-indole have been studied in both animals and humans. In rats, this compound has shown to be an effective analgesic and antiinflammatory agent with few side effects. 2-Ethoxy-1H-indole also has shown efficacy in the treatment of Parkinson's disease in animal models. This drug can be used as a precursor for a variety of compounds including carboximidamides, enecarbamates, amines, or sulfoxides. It is also possible to control the stereocontrol of 2-ethoxy-1H-indole by using chiral reagents or by converting it to its chiral counterpart (2-(2'-ethoxy)-1H-indole).</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Azacycloundecan-2-one is a ring-opening polymerization monomer that exhibits good solubility in organic solvents. It is used as the precursor to polyamides and polymeric matrices. Azacycloundecan-2-one has been shown to form a film with a high degree of viscosity and excellent mechanical properties, which are desirable for films in the food industry. Ring opening polymerization of azacycloundecan-2-one can be achieved by using magnesium salts or diacids as catalysts. The lactam ring structure of azacycloundecan-2-one provides reactive sites for reactions with other compounds, such as amines, alcohols, phenols, and carboxylic acids.</p>

<p>2-(2-Methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetic acid is an antimicrobial agent that inhibits the growth of bacteria by oxidation. It has been shown to be effective against protozoan parasites and has a good activity against Gram-positive bacteria. The main metabolic pathway for 2-(2-Methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetic acid is hydrolysis by hydrochloric acid, with a minor route involving hydroxy metabolite formation. This drug also acts as a prodrug for antipyrine, which inhibits bacterial growth via inhibition of protein synthesis.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>3,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylbenzaldehyde is a phenylacetic compound that is found in the fructus of plants. It has been shown to have tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and phenolic properties. This molecule also stimulates the inflammatory process by inducing pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β. 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylbenzaldehyde has been found to inhibit the growth of various bacteria, including methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates, when used at concentrations of 0.001%.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>1-(Quinolin-2-yl)ethanone is an inhibitor of proteolytic enzymes. It is a triazolopyrimidine that binds to the active site of proteases, thereby inhibiting their activity. 1-(Quinolin-2-yl)ethanone has been shown to be effective against viruses such as herpes simplex virus and Streptococcus faecalis, and bacterial infections such as streptococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. 1-(Quinolin-2-yl)ethanone also inhibits the production of matrix metalloproteinases, which play an important role in tumor development, by binding to the zinc ion in the enzyme's active site. This compound can also be used synergistically with copper chloride or hydrochloric acid to inhibit protease activity.</p>

<p>Pteridine-2,4-diamine is a peroxide that is found in nature. It has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on mutant enzymes that are involved in the production of hydrogen peroxide. Pteridine-2,4-diamine binds to a ligand and prevents it from reacting with hydrogen peroxide. This compound is used as a surfactant in pharmaceutical preparations. It also has an inhibitory effect on soybean lipoxygenase, which may be due to its ability to bind to the phosphonium salt at the active site and prevent the catalytic reaction with hydrogen peroxide.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Dimethyl cyclobut-1-ene-1,2-dicarboxylate (DMCB) is a lipase inhibitor that belongs to the class of dicarboxylic acid esters. It is used as an immobilized catalyst in organic synthesis and has a high stereoselectivity. This compound has been shown to be effective in catalyzing the thermal isomerization of maleates to produce 1,2-diols with high yields. DMCB also has a spontaneous reaction with photosensitizers such as rose bengal and benzoporphyrin derivative. The maleate form can be converted into the diacid form by the enzyme maleate dehydrogenase, which is found in porcine tissues. The diacid form can then undergo hydrolysis by an esterase or glucuronidase, releasing DMCB and regenerating the original maleate substrate.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

4-tert-Butylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-dione is a flavonoid that inhibits the enzyme tyrosinase in the synthesis of melanin. It is used for the treatment of hyperpigmentation conditions, such as melasma and chloasma. The inhibitory effect of 4-tert-Butylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-dione has been shown to be competitive with respect to 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid and noncompetitive with respect to naphthol. 4BCD also inhibits the monophenolase activity of tyrosinase and its ability to oxidize phenols. This inhibition is due to its structural similarity with phenols and its ability to bind covalently with tyrosinase's active site.

<p>(3-Methylbutoxy)benzene is a cyclic monomer that can be used in the production of polyester plastics. It has been shown to polymerize with isopentyl by means of an initiator. This reaction system produces a polymerized polymer. The phenyl group in this molecule has been shown to interact with eugenol through transition-state profile and reaction system studies, as well as polymerization reactions with benzene. The fluorescent properties of this compound make it suitable for use in fluorescent labelling of proteins and DNA.</p>

<p>1-Cyano-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid ethyl ester is a synthetic intermediate in the preparation of benzene. It is used as a reagent for the synthesis of methylcyclohexane and other cyclohexanones. The compound can be prepared by reacting chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons with carbon dioxide, followed by acidification and decarbonylation. 1-Cyano-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid ethyl ester can be purified by distillation or recrystallization from acetonitrile, chloroform, or benzene.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Phenylsuccinic anhydride is a reactive, receptor binding, expressed, polycarboxylic acid that has nitrogen atoms. It can be used as an anticancer agent and has shown anticancer activity against α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the central nervous system. Phenylsuccinic anhydride is also used for the preparation of fluorinated anhydrides for use in nonaqueous solvents.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>3,5-Di-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazole is a molecule that has two phenyl groups and one hydrogen bond. It is used as a reagent in analytical chemistry for the determination of hydrochloric acid and in crystallography for the study of x-ray crystal structures. 3,5-Di-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazole has been shown to have x-ray crystal structures with four nitrogens and one proton. The molecule also has a pyrazole ring at the center that contains one hydroxy group and two phenyl groups. The molecular weight of 3,5-Di-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazole is 152.2 g/mol.</p>

<p>4-N-Propylbenzenesulfonamide is a hydrophobic compound that binds to the active site of carbonyl reductase, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of ketones and aldehydes. It also inhibits the catalytic activity of this enzyme, which reduces the amount of carbonyls produced in the cell. 4-N-Propylbenzenesulfonamide has been shown to be effective in preventing kidney damage in animal models. The structural features of this drug are similar to those found in acetoacetate and propionate, which are important for stimulating renal function. These drugs can bind to alpha and beta subunits on the surface of renal tubules, resulting in increased blood flow, improved filtration rates, and decreased fluid retention. This leads to protection against acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD).</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

Versatile small molecule scaffold

4-Methyl-N-propylbenzene-1-sulfonamide is a colorless crystalline solid. It has an alkynyl group that can form metal hydrogen bonds and it has a functional group that can be substituted with other groups. The compound contains chlorides and sulfates, which are acidic functional groups. 4-Methyl-N-propylbenzene-1-sulfonamide can be synthesized by the reaction of toluene and acid chlorides in high yield. This compound is an organic chemistry reagent that is used for the synthesis of carboxylic acids.

2-Phenyl-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid is a heterocyclic compound that contains a pyrazole ring. It has shown anticoagulant activity and is being studied as an antidiabetic drug candidate. 2-Phenyl-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid can also be used in chemical reactions such as amide formation and amido formation. The compound also inhibits the conversion of vitamin B12 to its active form, which may contribute to its anticoagulant effects.

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>1-Benzyl-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole is a potent inhibitory drug that inhibits the hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated ion channels. It has been shown to suppress the cardiac action potential and decrease heart rate in animal models. 1-Benzyl-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole has also been shown to have an inhibitory effect on pyrazoles, which are important mediators of pain and inflammation. The drug has been shown to be useful in the treatment of diseases such as pectoris and shift work disorder. This compound is a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme adenosine triphosphate (ATP) phosphohydrolase and has been used as a substrate for assay of this enzyme.</p>

<p>4-Propoxybenzene-1-sulfonamide is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks the breakdown of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), which regulates smooth muscle relaxation. It is used for the treatment of symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia, such as difficulty in urination and urinary retention. 4-Propoxybenzene-1-sulfonamide has been shown to inhibit phosphodiesterase type 5, an enzyme that breaks down cGMP in the prostate gland and bladder neck. This action leads to an increase in cGMP levels, which causes the smooth muscle cells in these areas to relax. The hydration state of 4-propoxybenzene-1-sulfonamide can be changed by adding water or alcohol (e.g., ethanol). The hydration state affects the solvation of 4-propoxybenzene-1sulfonamide and its ability to enter cells</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

Versatile small molecule scaffold

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

Versatile small molecule scaffold

<p>N,N-Dimethyl-4-(pyridin-4-yl)aniline is an antimicrobial agent that belongs to the group of diazotization agents. It is used as a precursor for the synthesis of various diazonium salts. N,N-Dimethyl-4-(pyridin-4-yl)aniline is also used in the production of dyes and pharmaceuticals. It has been shown to be active against many types of bacteria, including luteum cultures and some strains of Staphylococcus aureus. The mechanism of action is not fully understood but it may be due to its ability to hydrolyze chloride or nitrate. N,N-Dimethyl-4-(pyridin-4-yl)aniline can also be converted into intermediates for the synthesis of other chemicals such as diazonium salts, which are useful for producing synthetic rubber and other products.</p>

<p>4-Hydroxy-3-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)benzoic acid is a cyclohexane ring with a hydroxyl group and a phenolic acid. It is synthesized using chemoenzymatic reactions. 4HBB is a substrate for gyrase, an enzyme that functions as part of the bacterial DNA replication machinery. As such, it can be used in studies of the molecular biology of this enzyme. The 4HBB mutant strain has been sequenced and shown to have the same base sequence as its wild type counterpart, but differs in its chemical structure. The 4HBB mutant strain was able to be used as a model system for studying the effects of p-hydroxybenzoic acid on gyrase activity.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Boceprevir is a non-peptide small molecule that prevents the hepatitis C virus from replicating by inhibiting the NS3/4A serine protease. It has been shown to be active against both genotype 1 and 4 of the hepatitis C virus in vitro. Boceprevir is used to treat chronic hepatitis C in adults who have not been previously treated or who are treatment-experienced with compensated liver disease. The drug is given as a tablet, taken once daily, with or without food. Side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, insomnia, and rash. Boceprevir can also cause birth defects if taken during pregnancy so it should not be used by women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant during treatment.</p>

<p>3,5-Di-tert-butylphenol is a reactive compound that has been used as an analytical control agent. It has been shown to have an absorption maximum at 230 nm and a strong absorption band in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum. 3,5-Di-tert-butylphenol is also known to have a high uptake capacity for citric acid and sodium carbonate in uptake assays. The hydrogen bond between 3,5-Di-tert-butylphenol and p-hydroxybenzoic acid is intramolecular and can be broken by heating with acetate extract. This compound has been shown to be toxic in Sprague Dawley rats. 3,5-Di-tert-butylphenol undergoes activation energies of 2.6 kcal/mol (1) and 10 kcal/mol (2).</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>4-Butoxybenzenesulfonyl Chloride is an inhibitor of pancreatic lipase, which is a digestive enzyme that hydrolyzes triglycerides and phospholipids. 4-Butoxybenzenesulfonyl Chloride has been shown to inhibit the synthesis of triglycerides and cholesterol from dietary lipids in rats. It also inhibits the activity of esterases, which are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of esters, leading to a decrease in the concentration of plasma lipids. This drug also lowers triglyceride levels in human plasma and intestinal cells in culture.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Diethyl 1,1-cyclohexanedicarboxylate is an ester that can be hydrolyzed by alkaline conditions. It can be used as a solvent and as a raw material in the production of other chemicals. Diethyl 1,1-cyclohexanedicarboxylate is more soluble in water than diethyl ether and diethylene glycol. The cyclohexane ring helps to prevent the formation of peroxides when exposed to air. This product is mainly used as a solvent for lacquer thinners, paints, varnishes, and resins.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

Versatile small molecule scaffold

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>5-(1,3-Dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-2-yl)pentanoic acid is a synthetic compound that belongs to the class of enzyme inhibitors. It inhibits the catalytic activity of various enzymes and is used as a research tool for studying enzyme function. 5-(1,3-Dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-2-yl)pentanoic acid is synthesized by introducing an amide bond between an aldehyde and a carboxylic acid. This compound has been found to focus on peptidyl and phosphonamidate bonds in proteins.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

2-(4-Methoxybenzoyl)benzenecarboxylic acid is a sweetener that is found in the class of benzophenones. It has a taste that is similar to benzoic acid, which is also considered to be a sweetener. 2-(4-Methoxybenzoyl)benzenecarboxylic acid has been shown to be an effective sweetener and can replace sugar in some applications. This compound has been found to have antimicrobial properties, but it is not yet known how these activities compare with those of other compounds in the same class.

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>7-(1,3-Dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-2-yl)heptanoic acid is an intramolecularly acting phthalimide that has been shown to inhibit the production of prostaglandin E2. This compound is a macrocyclic indole derivative and has been shown to be effective in the treatment of inflammatory conditions such as Crohn's disease. 7-(1,3-Dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-2-yl)heptanoic acid inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase II (COXII), which reduces inflammation by blocking the production of prostaglandins.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Diethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-phenyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate is a conformationally restricted derivative of acetoacetate. It has been shown to scavenge free radicals and inhibit peroxidation in the presence of other antioxidants. The FTIR spectra show that the compound has a phenyl ring with an acetoacetate substituent at C2 and C3. This compound also contains an ethyl acetoacetate substituent at C2 and C3 as well as a hydrogen bond network between the carbonyl groups and the amide groups. Diethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-phenyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate is an antioxidative agent that can be found in food products such as wine and olive oil.</p>

Raptinal is a molecule that induces apoptotic cell death by interacting with hepg2 cells. It has been shown to induce the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and IL-8, from the cells. Raptinal activates the apoptosis pathway by inducing caspase-3, which then cleaves poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), leading to DNA fragmentation and cell death. The mechanism of action for Raptinal is similar to imidazotetrazine, an anti-cancer drug that also induces apoptosis in cancer cells. Raptinal has also been shown to inhibit tumor growth in vivo in animal models of meningioma. Raptinal has antioxidant properties and can protect cells from oxidative damage caused by free radicals. This activity may be due to its ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species or inhibit lipid peroxidation pathways.

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>O,O,S-Triethyl phosphorothioate is a pesticide that inhibits the growth of insects by binding to the active site of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. It is used in agriculture as a synergist with piperonyl butoxide (PBO) for protection against pests such as termites and cockroaches. Triethyl phosphorothioate has been shown to cause lung damage in rats when given at high doses. The relevance of this finding to humans is not clear. It may be due to its ability to generate reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation products in tissues. This effect can be prevented by giving animals PBO pre-treatment or by using lower doses of triethanolamine phosphorothioate.</p>

5-Chloro-3-methylpentan-2-one (5CMP) is an alkaloid that can be found in plants. It has been shown to have bioactive properties, such as being anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer. 5CMP is a precursor to the natural products physovenine and indoline. These compounds are used as targets for drug discovery because of their biological activity. In addition, 5CMP is an intermediate in the synthesis of other biologically active molecules, such as aldehydes and hydrazines. 5CMP is synthesized by dehydration of 2-isopropenyl acetate, which undergoes iminium ion formation and subsequent rearrangement to form the desired product. The reaction yields hydrogen chloride gas, which can be removed by passing through a solution of potassium hydroxide or sodium bicarbonate prior to isolation.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

<p>N-(2-Chloroacetyl)alanine is a chloroacetic acid derivative that inhibits the enzyme activity of acetylcholinesterase. It has been shown to be more potent than other reversible inhibitors of this enzyme, such as clorgyline and pyridostigmine. N-(2-Chloroacetyl)alanine binds to the active site of acetylcholinesterase, causing denaturation and inactivation of the enzyme by irreversible inhibition. The binding constant for N-(2-chloroacetyl)alanine is 2.5 x 10 M. This irreversible inhibitor also causes a conformational change in the active site of acetylcholinesterase that increases the affinity for chloride ions. The optimum temperature for this reaction is between 25 and 30 degrees Celsius. Zinc ions may also increase the potency of N-(2-chloroacetyl)alanine by increasing its binding affinity to chloride ions at low concentrations</p>

1,4-Butanedithiol is a molecule with the chemical formula C4H9S. It is classified as an alcohol and has many uses in industry and academia. 1,4-Butanedithiol is soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol. The uptake of 1,4-butanedithiol in cells can be detected by uv absorption spectroscopy or enzymatic assay. 1,4-Butanedithiol also reacts with nucleophilic reagents such as hydrochloric acid or hydrogen fluoride to form ester linkages. The ester linkage between 1,4-butanedithiol and hydrochloric acid is reversible and has been shown to be pH dependent. In vitro assays have shown that 1,4-butanedithiol induces apoptotic effects on cells treated with hydrogen fluoride.