Nucleosides and Nucleotides

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications A tryptamine derivative, a neurotransmitter agonist.
References Creveling, C. R., et al.: Mol. Pharmacol., 11, 211 (1975),

Stability Moisture Sensitive
Applications Melphalan Hydrochloride is used in combined intravitreal chemotherapy with topotecan hydrochloride for viable vitreous seeding from retinoblastoma. Also, it is an anti-cancer chemotherapy drug.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Ghassemi, F., et al.: JAMA Ophthalmol., 132, 936-941 (2014); Gao, L. P., et al.: Adv. Mater. Res., 781-784, 993-998 (2013);

Applications D-Menthol is used for oral gel patch or film containing herb extracts or Chinese medicine, fruit extract, spearmint, and menthol for smoking cessation.
References Ikaheimo, I., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 46, 287 (2000), Gillet, Y., et al.: Lancet, 359, 753 (2002), Turos, E., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2002, 12, 2229 (2002),

Impurity Dapagliflozin Impurity
Applications Ent-α-C Dapagliflozin is an enantiomer of Dapagliflozin (D185370), a sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitor.
References Kasichayanula, S. et al.: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 13, 47 (2011)

Applications Nootropic. Analog of Piracetam with psychostimulant activity.
References Son, J., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 36, 657 (2004), Hlinak, Z., et al.: Behaviour. Brain Res., 161, 213 (2005),

Stability Light Sensitive
Applications 3,4,5,6-Tetrahydrouridine, is a derivative of Uridine (U829910). Tetrahydrouridine (THU), is a potent inhibitor of cytidine. It inhibits cell proliferation through cell cycle regulation regardless of cytidine deaminase expression levels deaminase (CDA), and thus can be used as a potential and promising treatment for tumors with highly expressed CDA.
References Lorine, P., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 178, 439 (1949); Funamizu, N., PLoS One, 37424 (2012);

Applications (1R,​2R,​5R)​-​2-​Isopropyl-​5-​methylcyclohexanol is used in the tetrahydropyranylation of alcohols.
References Magyar, A. et al.: Catal. Lett., 145, 1876 (2015);

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Adenine Hemisulfate can be one of the factors that influence in vitro growth and shoot multiplication of pomegranate. It can be used in biological study along with varied levels of sucrose, light intensity, and MS medium hydrogen ion concentration where those factors can all significantly influence multiplication and growth of Punica granatum shoots.
References Singh, P., & Patel, R., M.: Bioscan, 9, 1031-1035 (2014)

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Labelled Adenosine-3’,5’-cyclic Monophosphate (A280455). Adenosine-3’,5’-cyclic Monophosphate is an Adenosine (A280400) derivative useful as anticancer agent.
References Keast, R., et al.: Pharma. Res., 19, 1019 (2002),

Stability Very Very Hygroscopic
Applications Nicotinamide (N407750) analog. Nicotinamide riboside (β-NAR) is an intermediate in one biosynthetic pathway by which Nicotamide is converted into NAD (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide)
References Friedlos, F., et al.: J. Biochem. Pharmacol., 44, 25 (1992), Ong, S., et al.: Biochemistry, 11210 (1992), Zhang, X., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 278, 13503 (2003),

Stability Unstable in Solution
Applications Methyl p-toluate is an impurity of 3-Toluoyl Decitabine (T536260), which is an intermediate of decitabine (A796950 for β-Decitabine). It is used as cancer treatment, in particular to inhibit the growth of pancreatic endocrine tumor cell lines.
References Deng, T., et al.: Life Sci., 84, 311 (2009), Horne, H., et al.: Mol. Cancer Res., 7, 199 (2009), Zinner, R., et al.: Mol. Cancer Ther., 8, 521 (2009),

Applications Pterine-6-carboxylic Acid is a degradation product of Folic acid (F680300).
References Akhtar, M., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 19, 269 (1999), Andrisano, V., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 32, 983 (2003), Patro, B., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 15, 67 (2005),

Applications Intermediate in the synthesis of ent-Emtricitabine (E525005).

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications A potent adenosine receptor agonist. Inhibits platelet aggregation and is centrally active in vivo.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Cusack and Hourani: Br. J. Pharmacol., 72, 433 (1981), Knapp, et al.: Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 68, 797 (2001)

Applications A vitamin needed to synthesize DNA, conduct DNA repair and methylate DNA, it also acts as a cofactor in biological reactions involving folate.
References Xu, L., et al.: Mol. Pharm., 7, 1311 (2010), Everette, J., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 8139 (2010), Alshatwi, A., et al.: Food, Chem., Toxicol., 48, 1881 (2010), McKay, D., et al.: Nut. J., 9 (2010),

Stability Light Sensitive - Protect from Light Exposure
Applications Fenretinide (4-HPR) is a synthetic retinoid deriverative. 4-HBR is shown to exhibit binding to the retinoic acid receptors (RAR) at concentrations necessary to induce cell death.A synthetic analog of Vitamin A.
References Marth, C., et al.:J. Nat. Cancer Inst., 75, 871 (1985), Delia, D., et al.: Cancer Res., 53, 6036 (1993), Costa., A., et al.: Cancer Res., 54, Suppl., 2032s (1994), Decensi., A., et al.: Eur. J. Cancer Prev., 3, 377 (1994)

Applications A useful intermediate for chemical modifications of base and sugar moieties in natural nucleosides.
References Sashaki, T., et al.: J. Org. Chem., 40(1), 106 (1975)

Applications N-​[2-​(Methylthio)​ethyl]​-​2-​[(3,​3,​3-​trifluoropropyl)​thio]​-adenosine is used for developing platelet P2T receptor antagonists, which have potential applications for antithrombotic therapy.
References Ingall, A. H., et al.: J. Med. Chem. 42, 213 (1999)

Applications Cladribine 5’-Monophosphate Ammonium Salt can be used as an antiviral, antibacterial and antileukemic agent.
References Cook, P., et al.: U.S., US 4719295 A 19880112 (1988);

Applications Inhibitor of enzyme. It is used for Phosphodiesterase Substrate.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Preuss, C.V., Biochem. Pharmacol., 51, 1661 (1996),

Applications Open ring Dapagliflozin. Dapagliflozin (D185370) impurity.

Applications Dapagliflozin Keto Impurity is an impurity of Dapagliflozin (D185370), a sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitor.
References Kasichayanula, S., et al.: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 13, 47 (2011);

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications A metabolite of 6-Mercaptopurine.
References Parker, W., et al.: Cancer Res., 51, 2386 (1991) , Munagala, N., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 275, 37072 (2000), Guddat, L., et al.: Protein Sci., 11, 1626 (2002), Pinkel, D., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 11, 1826 (1993), Tripathy, D., et al.: Oncologist, 12, 375 (2007),

Applications A novel labelled HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor useful in treatment of HIV infection.
References Scholler-Gyure, M., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 48, 322 (2008), Thakur, A., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 43, 471 (2008),

Applications Acyclovir (A192400) is the parent compound for 8-Hydroxyacyclovir. Acyclovir (ACV), an anti-virus drug, was widely detected in natural water at concns. . ranging from ng L-1 to μg L-1 due to inefficient biol. treatments in sewage treatment plant.
References Zhang, Q., et al.: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 320, 823 (2019);

Applications A receptor adenine derivative binding membrane brain animal cell line.
References Camaioni, E., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 6, 523 (1998), Kelly, M., et al.: Br. J. Pharmacol., 125, 979 (1998), Redzic, Z., et al.: Brain Res., 888, 66 (2001), Levy, D., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 46, 2177 (2003),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Adenosine 5'-diphosphate monosodium salt (cas# 20398-34-9) is a useful research chemical.

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications A deoxyribonucleoside as Eg5 kinesin modulator with antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing activity.
References Hecht, S., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 17, 588 (2004); Choi, J., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 281, 38244 (2006); Lao, Y., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 20, 246 (2007);

Applications Labelled Creatinine. The end product of creatine catabolism. Normal constituent of urine. Also found together with creatine in muscle tissues and blood. Occurs in all soils and in grain seeds and other vegetable matter. Has been found in certain fish and in crab meat extract.
References Folin, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 17, 463 (1914),

Applications A labelled Cytidine (C998300) analog and also an isostere of Thymidine (T412000).
References Sabini, E., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 51, 4219 (2008), Sabini, E., et al.: J. Mol. Biol., 378, 607 (2008),

Applications A metabolite of Ribavirin.
References Allen, L.B., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 21, 742 (1978), Zimmerman, T., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 27, 709 (1978), Page, T., et al.: Int. J. Biochem., 22, 379 (1990), Lin, C., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 47, 1395 (2003),

Applications Cytarabine is used as an antineoplastic and antiviral. It is a selective inhibitor of DNA synthesis. Does not inhibit RNA synthesis.Cytarabine, or cytosine arabinoside, is a chemotherapy agent used mainly in the treatment of cancers of white blood cells such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It is also known as Ara-C (Arabinofuranosyl Cytidine). It destroys cancer cells by interfering with DNA synthesis.
References Donehower, R.C., et al.: Cancer Treat. Rep., 70, 1059 (1986);

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications A labelled derivative of Cytarabine, a potent cytotoxic-antiviral nucleoside.
References Kufe, D., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 255, 8997 (1980), Ross, D., et al.: Cancer Res., 50, 2658 (1990), Bhalla, K., et al.: Blood, 80, 2883 (1992), Tonetti, D., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 269, 23230 (1994),

Impurity Aciclovir EP Impurity P
Applications 9-(2-Hydroxyethyl)guanine (Aciclovir EP Impurity P) is an impurity of the antiviral agent Acyclovir (A192400). 9-(2-Hydroxyethyl)guanine is a nucleoside phosphotransferase acceptor.
References Kamimura, A. et al.: Agric. Biol. Chem., 37, 2037 (1973);

Applications Adenosine-3'-monophosphate (cas# 84-21-9) is a useful research chemical.

Applications Purine nucleoside analog; inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH). Used as an antiviral agent.This compound is suitable for pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) related research.
References Fernandez, H., et al.: Eur. J. Epidemiol., 2, 1 (1986), Liao, H.J. and Stollar, V.: Antiviral Res., 22, 285 (1993), Honda, Y., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 38, 653 (1994), Reichard, O., et al.: Lancet, 351, 83 (1998)

Impurity Ribavirin EP Impurity C
Applications 1,2,4-Triazole-3-carboxylic Acid (Ribavirin EP Impurity C) is a major metabolite of the antiviral agent Ribavirin (R414475).
References Miller, J.P. et al.: Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 284, 211 (1977); Catlin, D. et al.: Ribavirin: Broad Spec. Antivir. Ag., 83 (1980); Lin, C.C. et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 50, 2368 (2006);

Applications 9-Carboxymethoxymethylguanine is a metabolite of Acyclovir (A192400) which is an antiviral, orally active acyclic nucleoside with inhibitory activity towards several herpes viruses.
References Gunness, P., et al.: Transl. Res., 158, 290 (2011); Collins, P., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 5, 431 (1979), Matsumoto, H., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 36, 1153 (1988), Whitley, R.J., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 327, 782 (1992),

Applications 2-Hydroxytetrahydrofuran (cas# 5371-52-8) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.

Applications Cabotegravir is a long acting HIV-1 integrase inhibitor with action against a broad range of HIV subtypes.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Yoshinaga, T. et al.: Antimicrob, Agents Chemother., 59, 397 (2015); Andrews, C. et al.: Sci. Transl. Med., 7, 270 (2015);

Applications Acyclovir (A192400) impurity. The L-Valine ester prodrug of Acyclovir.
References Beauchamp, L.M., et al.: Antiviral Chem. Chemother., 3, 157 (1992), Weller, S., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 54, 595 (1996), Lowance, D., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 340, 1462 (1999),

Impurity USP Capecitabine Related Compound B / Capecitabine EP Impurity B
Applications A prodrug of 5-Flurouridine. A fluorinated pyrimidine nucleoside with cytostatic activity.
References De Cesare, M., et al.: Cancer Res., 49, 5969 (1994), Di Bartolomeo, M., et al.: Tumori, 81, 147 (1995)

Applications Canagliflozin is a sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor. Canagliflozin has been shown to dose dependently reduce calculated renal threshold for glucose excretion and increase urinary glucose excretion. Canagliflozin is a candidate for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity.
References Chao, E. et al.: Drug Fut., 36, 351 (2011); Sha, S. et al.: Diab. Obes. Metab., 13, 669 (2011); Kipnes, M.S.: Clin. Invest., 1, 145 (2011);

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications A nucleotide of nicotinic acid which is produced from quinolinic acid by quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase via transfer of a phosphoribose group. It is an intermediate of nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide (NaAD) which is then converted to NAD via amidation and in turn converted to NADPH.
References Petrelli, R. et al.: Curr. Med. Chem., 18, 1973 (2011); Shibata, K. et al.: J. Chrom. B Biomed. Sci. Appl., 749, 281 (2000); Evans, C. et al.: BMC Chem. Biol., 10, 2 (2010);

Applications 4-(Hydroxymethyl)-2’-deoxycytidine is a modified pyrimidine that is capable of producing interstrand cross-links in duplex DNA. 4-(Hydroxymethyl)-2’-deoxycytidine can be analyzed to quantify DNA hydroxymethylation levels in biological samples
References Peng, X. et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 130, 10299 (2008); Berkner, K. et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 252, 3185 (1977); Le, T. et al.: Anal. Biochem., 412, 203 (2011);

Impurity Entecavir EP Impurity A
Applications An epimeric impurity of the antiviral drug Entecavir (E558900).

Applications Used in the synthesis of labelled 5'-modified 2'-deoxyadenosine analogues as anti-hepatitis C virus agents.
References Gordon, C., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 48, 1 (2005), Ikejiri, M., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 15, 6882 (2007),

Applications Used as an antiviral. Prodrug of Penciclovir (P221500).
References Hodge, V.R.A., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 33, 1765 (1989),

Applications D-Ribose is produced by microorganism fermentation of glucose in a fermentation culture medium without adding calcium carbonate.
References Ostrowski, S., et al.: Science, 305, 71 (2004), Vavilin, D., et al.: Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1708, 91 (2005), Fletcher, J., et al.: Anal. Chem., 79, 2199 (2007), Weissleder, R., et al.: Nature, 452, 580 (2008),

Applications Intermediate in the preparation of Citicoline (C508050), a naturally occurring nucleotide.

Applications 2,6-Diaminopurine-2’-deoxyriboside is a nucleoside analogs synthesized to interfere with DNA metabolism. A derivative of 2,6-Diaminopurine (D416580), which can be used as analyte for biological and analytical studies of incorporation of unnatural nucleotides into mutant tRNA and proteins.
References Kaminski, P. A., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 288, 6534-6541 (2013); Ptacin, J., et al.: PCT Int. Appl., WO 2016115168 A1 20160721 (2016);

Applications Azathioprine-d3, is the labeled analogue of Azathioprine (A803350), an immunosuppressive antimetabolite, also active as disease modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD).
References Mitrou, P.S., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 29, 483, 662 (1979), Ding, T.L., et al.: Drug. Metab. Dispos., 7, 373 (1979), Chan, G.L.C., et al.: Pharmacotherapy, 7, 165 (1987), Sandborn, W.J., et al.: : Scand. J. Gastroenterol., 33, Suppl. 225, 92 (1998,)

Applications Gemcitabine Diphosphate is a phosphorylated metabolite of Gemcitabine (G305000), an antineoplastic agent.
References Baker, C., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 34, 1879 (1991), Huang, P., et al.: Cancer Res., 51, 6110 (1991), Plunkett, W., et al.: Nucleosides Nucleotides, 16, 1261 (1997),

Applications A potent growth inhibitor and cytotoxic agent. It acts as a demethylating agent by inhibiting DNA methyltransferase.
References Kusaba, H., et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 262, 924 (1999), Broday, L., et al.: Mol. Cell Biol., 19, 3198 (1999), Qian, X., et al.: Am. J. Pathol., 153, 1475 (1999), Canova, C., et al.: Mech. Ageing Dev., 101, 153 (1998)

Applications N-Nitroso-N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine is used as herbicide.
References Khan, S.U., et al.: J. Agr. Food Chem., 27, 1398 (1979), Ambrus, A., et al.: Pure Appl. Chem., 75, 937 (2003),

Applications Favipiravir is used for the treatment of advanced Ebola virus infection in a small animal model. Favipiravir suppressed the replication of Zaire Ebola virus and prevented a lethal outcome in 100% of the animals. Based on the studies, Favipiravir can be a candidate for the treatment of Ebola hemorrhagic fever. It is a COVID19-related research product.
References Oestereich, L., et al.: Antiviral Res., 105, 17 (2014); Baranovich, T., et al.: J. Virol. 87, 3741 (2013); Chem. and Eng. News p.8, Dec. 1 (2014)

Applications A new antiviral agent for influenza treatment; it can be used as neuraminidase inhibitor for treating human and avian influenza.
References Whitley, R., et al.: Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J., 20, 127 (2001), Bright, R., et al.: Lancet., 366, 1175 (2005), Deyde, V., et al.: J. Infect. Dis., 196, 249 (2007), Lee, N., et al.: Clin. Infect. Dis., 46, 1323 (2008),

Folinic acid (Leucovorin) is a biofolic acid that can be used in the treatment of methotrexate, often in combination with Methotrexate (MTX) to reduce MTX-

Impurity Fluorouracil EP Impurity A
Applications Barbituric Acid (Fluorouracil EP Impurity A) is a parent compound of barbiturate drugs. Unsubstituted barbituric acid has no hypnotic properties.
References Luo, Y., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 53, 3846 (2010), Tomasic, T., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 45, 1667 (2010), Gilbert, A., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 20, 636 (2010),

Applications An oral antiviral drug used in the treatment of hepatitis B infection. A guanine analogue that inhhibits all three steps in the viral replication process.
References Innaimo, S.F., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 41, 1444 (1997), Honkoop, P., et al.: Expert Opin. Invest. Drugs, 12, 683 (2003), Chang, T.-T., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 354, 1001 (2006),

Applications Cytidine derivative.
References Ueda, T., et al.: Chem. Pharmaceut. Bull., 22, 2377 (1974),

Applications Canagliflozin 2-glucuronide is a derivative of Canagliflozin (C175190). Canagliflozin is a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor that is used to treat patients with type 2 diabetes. Canagliflozin lowers blood glucose by increasing the amount of glucose that exits the body through urinary excretion.
References Devineni, D., et al.: Diab. Obes. Metab., 14, 539 (2012); Nicolle, L., et al.: Curr. Med. Res. Opin., 28, 1167 (2012)

Impurity Zidovudine EP Impurity A
Applications Stavudine (Zidovudine EP Impurity A) is used as an antiviral. A reverse transcriptase inhibitor.
References Mansuri, M.M., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 34, 637 (1990), Cretton, E.M., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 37, 1816 (1993), Browne, M.J., et al.: J. Infec. Dis., 167, 21 (1993)

Applications Isotope labelled Melamine (M208703), which forms synthetic resins with formaldehyde. It remains largely non-metabolized in male Wistar rats with 90% of the administered dose excreted in the urine (1,2) and thus acts as a non-protein nitrogen food additive found in milk (3). Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), environmental, and food contaminants.
References 1. Mast, R. et al.: Food Chem Toxicol. 1983 Dec;21(6):807-10.2. Smith, J. et al.: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1994 Apr;125(2):296-308.3. Anirudhan, T. et al.: Food Chem. 2017 Jul 15;227:85-92.

Applications A metabolite of Lamivudine (L172500).
References Soudeyns, H., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 35, 1386 (1991), Denapoli, L., et al.: Nucleosides Nucleotides, 12, 21 (1993),

Impurity Gemcitabine EP Impurity B
Applications 1’-Epi Gemcitabine Hydrochloride (Gemcitabine EP Impurity B) is an α-Anomer of Gemcitabine.
References Hertel, L.W., et al.: Cancer Res., 50, 4417 (1990), Abbruzzese, J.L., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 9, 491 (1991), Ruiz, V.W.T., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 46, 762 (1993),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications 9-Carboxymethoxymethylguanine-13C2,15N is the labelled analog of 9-Carboxymethoxymethylguanine (C179990) which is a metabolite of Acyclovir (A192400-an antiviral, orally active acyclic nucleoside with inhibitory activity towards several herpes viruses).
References Collins, P., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 5, 431 (1979); Matsumoto, H., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 36, 1153 (1988); Whitley, R.J., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 327, 782 (1992); Gunness, P., et al.: Transl. Res., 158, 290 (2011);

Applications Floxuridine is an antiviral; antineoplastic.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Harris, M., et al.: Biophys. J., 4, 203 (1964),

Applications A 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiester.
References Voegtli, W., et al.: Biochemistry, 39, 15365 (2000), Bernstein, N., et al.: Mol. Cell, 17, 657 (2005), Blondal, T., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 280, 5188 (2005), Shenoy, A., et al.: J. Mol. Biol., 365, 211 (2007),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications A metabolite of the potent and selective inhibitor of HIV-1 replication, AZT.

Applications A metabolite of the potent and selective inhibitor of HIV-1 replication, AZT.
References Brehm, J., et al.: Biochem., 47, 14020 (2008), von Kleist, M., et al.: Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 36, 532 (2009),

Impurity Aciclovir EP Impurity R
Applications Acyclovir Formacetal Dimer is a dimer impurity of Acyclovir (A192400); an orally active acyclic nucleoside with inhibitory activity towards several herpes viruses. Also antiviral. (Aciclovir EP Impurity R)
References Collins, P., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 5, 431 (1979); Matsumoto, H., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 36, 1153 (1988); Whitley, R.J., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 327, 782 (1992)

Applications A nucleoside analog used in the treatment of viral infections, including those caused by human immunodeficiency virus, cytomegalovirus, and herpes virus.
References Faulds, D., et al.: Drugs, 39, 597 (1990), Greene, J., et al.: Fundam. Appl. Toxicol., 32, 140 (1996), Poirier, M., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 199, 151 (2004),

Applications An intermediate in the preparation of thymidine derivatives
References el Kouni, M., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 51, 1687 (1996),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Labelled Ribavirin (R414475). Purine nucleoside analog; inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH). Used as an antiviral agent.This compound is suitable for pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) related research.
References Fernandez, H., et al.: Eur. J. Epidemiol., 2, 1 (1986), Liao, H.J. and Stollar, V.: Antiviral Res., 22, 285 (1993), Honda, Y., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 38, 653 (1994), Reichard, O., et al.: Lancet, 351, 83 (1998)