Food Industry Standards

<p>Applications 2,2'-Dihydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxybenzophenone (cas# 131-54-4) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications Thiamine is a essential nutrient required for carbohydrate metabolism; also involved in nerve function. Biosynthesized by microorganisms and plants. Dietary sources include whole grains, meat products, vegetables, milk, legumes and fruit. Also present in rice husks and yeast. Converted in vivo to Thiamine diphosphate, a coenzyme in the decarboxylation of α-keto acids. Chronic deficiency may lead to neurological impairment, bariberi, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.<br>References Kawaski, T., et al.: Methods Enzymol., 122, 15 (1986), Mascher, H., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 82, 56 (1993),<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Phenyl-2-butanone is an attractant compound found in the flower Nicotiana attenuata. It is also used in the preparation of 4-oxocyclohexanecarbaldehyde derivatives.<br>References Kessler, D. et al.: Plant. J., 49, 840 (2007); Bao, F. et al.: Tetrahedron Lett., 54, 1405 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications Widely distributed in plants and in animal tissues and fluids. Produced by mycological fermentation on an industrial scale using crude sugar solutions, such as molasses and strains of Aspergillus niger.<br>References Gruber, C. M., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 94, 65 (1948),<br></p>

<p>Applications The alkaloid which gives pepper its spiciness, and has been used as an organic insecticide.<br>References Trivedi, A., et al.: J. Adv. Pharm. Technol. Res., 1, 190 (2010), Kakarala, M., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 6594 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Azithromycin EP Impurity I<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications N’-Desmethyl Azithromycin (Azithromycin EP Impurity I) is a metabolite of Azithromycin (A927000) as potential anti-infective, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and prokinetic agent.<br>References Bright, G., et al.: J. Antibiot., 41, 1029 (1988), Goldman, R., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 34, 426 (1990), Gandhi, R., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 23, 1073 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Applications Bis(4-hydroxybutyl) Terephthalate is an intermediate formed in the synthesis of Cyclotris(1,4-butylene Terephthalate) (C988975), a cyclic trimer of poly(butylene terephthalate), a thermoplastic engineering polymer.<br>References East, G.C. et al.: Polymer, 23, 323 (1982)<br></p>

<p>Applications Gallic Acid exhibits a number of cellular effects including apoptosis and inhibits the growth of calf pulmonary arterial endothelial cell (CPAEC);Also, it is a polyphenol widely found in numerous fruits and vegetables that has been reported to exert anticancer effects, including apoptosis, against cancer cell lines.<br>References Park, W. H.: Mol. Med. Rep., 16, 7805-7812 (2017); Yang, C., et al.: RSC Adv., 8, 12449-12458 (2018)<br></p>

<p>Stability Air Sensitive, Light Sensitive<br>Applications Omega-3 fatty acid found in marine fish oils and in many phospholipids. Major structural component of excitable membranes of the retina and brain; synthesized in the liver from α-linolenic acid. Nutritional supplement.<br>References Whitcutt, J.M., et al.: Biochem. J., et al.: 67, 60 (1957), Bazan, N.G., et al.: J. Ocul. Pharmacol., 10, 591 (1994), Makrides, M., et al.: Lipids, 31, 115 (1996),<br></p>

<p>Applications Di-n-heptyl Phthalate is a Phthalate derivative and an organic extract contaminant found in drinking water, which was shown to activate Nrf-2-Mediated Antioxidant response in human cell line.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Wang, S., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 4768 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Capsaicin analogue (C175680). It is used as a tool in neurobiological research. Prototype vanilloid receptor agonist. Topical analgesic.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Artursson., et al.: J. Pharma. Sci., 73, 1507 (1984), Fu., et al.: Pharma. Res., 2000, 17, 100 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications L-Ergothioneine is a natural molecule isolated from the rye ergot fungus and later identified in rat erythrocytes and liver and in numerous other animal tissues. Its antioxidizing properties may afford the compound therapeutic potential or it may be used as a food additive or in cosmetics.<br>References Nakamura, T., et al.: Biol. Pharm. Bull., 31, 1580 (2008), Yang, J., et al.: Food Chem., 114, 898 (2009), Grigat, S., et al.: Drug Metab. Disposition, 37, 330 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Oxymorphone. Controlled substance (opiate). Analgesic (narcotic).<br>References Eddy, N., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 125, 116 (1959), Cone, E., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 11, 446 (1983),<br></p>

<p>Applications D-Panthenol is an analogue of pantothenic acid (P190300), a member of the B complex vitamins. D-Panthenol is the biologically active enantiomer of Panthenol.<br>References Dohil, M.A., et al.: J. Drug. Dermatol., 11, 7 (2012); Yuen, T., et al.: Biochem. Biophy. Res. Comm., 422, 573 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications The labelled analogue of a phthalate Ester metabolite, linked to precocious puberty.<br>References Engel, S., et al.: NeuroToxicol., 30, 522 (2009), Blair, J., et al.: Environ., Sci., Technol., 43, 6262 (2009), Xu, Z., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 3130 (2010), Clewell, R., et al.: Toxicol. in Vitro, 24, 327 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications Capsaicin (C175680) analog. A VR1 vaniloid receptor agonist.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Ralevic, V., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 65, 143 (2003), Thompson, R., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 381, 1432 (2005), Tuoya., et al.: Life Sci., 78, 1515 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Methylbenzotriazole is a benzotriazole derivative as corrosion inhibitor.<br>References Gruden, C., et al.: Water Environ. Res., 73, 72 ( 2001), Cancilla, D., et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 22, 134 (2003), Hart, D., et al.: Microchem. J., 77, 9 (2004), Gruenheid, S., et al.: Water Res., 39, 3219 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,8-Cineol is the chief constituent of oil of eucalyptus. Used as pharmaceutic aid (flavor).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Jori, et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 9, 362 (1970); Maugh, T.H., Science, 218, 278 (1982),<br></p>

<p>Applications Orotic Acid is used in the preparation of therapeutic agents for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treatment.<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Carotenoid pigment found mostly in animal organisms, but also occuring in plants; thought to be the precursor of astacin. Animal studies indicate that it reduces blood glucose and ameliorates several parameters of the diabetic metabolic syndrome. It improves blood flow and vascular tone in models of hypertension.<br>References Schroeder, W.A., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 270, 18374 (1995), Bertram, J.S., et al.: Biochem. Biophys. Acta, 1740, 170 (2005), Hussein, G., et al.: J. Nat. Prod., 69, 443 (2006)<br></p>

<p>Applications A toxic polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin detected in domestic meat and poultry.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Feil, V., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 48, 6163 (2000), Huwe, J., et al.: Food Addit. Contam., 21, 182 (2004), Llobet, J., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 178, 117 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications Triethyl O-Acetylcitrate is used in the preparation of poly(lactic) acid biodegradable and flexible films, acting as a plasticizer. Also used in the synthesis of control-release capsules containing polymeric coatings.<br>References Shirai, M. et al.: Carb. polym., 92, 19 (2013); Lee, B. et al.: Int. J. Pharm., 188, 71 (1999);<br></p>

<p>Applications 1-Methoxy-4-(1E)-1-propen-1-ylbenzene is a component of essential oils extracted from natural sources. It is also a possible inhibitor of protein kinase CK2α and CK2α’.<br>References Liang, Zhi-yuan, et al.: Shizhen Guoyi Guoyao, 25(7), 1602-1604 (2014);Benelli, Giovanni, et al.: Indus. Crops and Prod., 124, 236-243 (2018);Baier, Andrea, et al.: Phytochem., 136, 39-45 (2017)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Vitexin is a phenolic glycoside drug that shows anti-stress activity. It also shows possible application as an anti-diabetic.<br>References Gupta, P. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 21, 1116 (2013); Tao, Y. et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 78, 190 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications Daidzein is an inactive analog of Genistein (Cat. #G350000). It blocks the G1 phase of the cell cycle in Swiss 3T3 cells by inhibiting casein kinase II activity. Daidzein has also been shown to inhibit the action of GABA on recombinant GABAA receptors.<br>References Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., 7, 637 (1992), Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1221, 29 (1994), Huang, R.Q.; Fang, M.J.; Dillon, G.H., Mol. Brain Res. 67: 177-183 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Applications 3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid<br></p>

<p>Applications Behenic Acid, has various applications. It is used in hair conditioners and moisturizers to give their smoothing properties. It is also used in lubricating oils, as solvent evaporation retarder in paint removers.<br>References Efimenko, S. G., et al.: Maslozhirovaya Promyshlennost, 4, 16 (2012); Cermak, S., et al.: Indust. Crops Prod., 44, 232 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications Isotope labelled Bisphenol A Bis(diphenyl phosphate) is a flame retardant. Bisphenol A Bis(diphenyl phosphate) is used in electrical wire covering and other flame resistant materials.<br>References Takeda, K. et al.: J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 64, 1175 (1997); Levchik, S.V. et al.: J. Vinyl Add. Technol., 7, 98 (2001);<br></p>

<p>Applications 5-Methylfuran-2(3H)-one is an aromatic compound responsible for the aroma of caramel, dried and roated nori, wine, and brewed coffee.<br>References Paravisini, L., et. al.: Flavour Frag. J., 27, 424 (2012); Shu, N., Shen, H.: Flavour Frag. J., 27, 157 (2012); Chin, S., et. al.: J. Chrom. A, 1218, 7487 (2011)<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications 10-trans,12-cis-Linoleic Acid is an isomer of Linoleic Acid (L467495). Linoleic Acid is a dietary unsaturated fatty acid, which increases the expression of adhesion molecules and attenuates Endothelial cell function. Linoleic Acid is anti-inflammatory, acne reductive, and moisture retentive when applied topically on the skin. It is popular in the beauty products industry because of its beneficial properties on the skin.<br>References Satoh, K., Circ. J., 77, 2703 (2013); Letawe, C., et al.: Clin. Exp. Dermatol., 23, 56 (2002); Darmstadt, GL., et al.: Acta Paediatr., 91, 546 (2002)<br></p>

<p>Applications Lauric Acid may be used in combination with drug loading to reduce side effects, such as irritation with clarithromycin.<br>References Liu, X. et al.: Int. J. Pharma., 443, 318 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications Bis(2,3-dibromopropoxy)tetrabromobisphenol A is a the DBP-based flame retardant for polyolefins and polymers, including PP, high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and low-density polyethylene (LDPE). Bis(2,3-dibromopropoxy)tetrabromobisphenol A is also used in fabricated plastic sheet materials for application in the formation of a part of many electrical cabinets.<br>References Altwaiq. A.M., et al.: Anal. Chimica. Acta., 491, 111 (2003); Howard, P.H., et al.: Environ. Sci. Tech., 44, 2277 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications Monobenzyl Terephthalate is a reactant in the preparation of benzoyl-glucopyranosyl ureas as glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors and potential antidiabetic agents M onobenzyl Terephthalate is also an intermediate formed in the synthesis of Cyclotris(1,4-butylene Terephthalate) (C988975), a cyclic trimer of poly(butylene terephthalate), a thermoplastic engineering polymer.<br>References Nagy, V., et. al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 20, 1801 (2012); East, G.C. et al.: Polymer, 23, 323 (1982)<br></p>

<p>Applications Phytol is a reagent that is used in the preparation of α-tocopherol analogs as mitochondrial antioxidants.<br>References Henze, K., et al.: Nature, 427, 127 (2003)<br></p>

<p>Applications Phthalate metabolite, which has been shown to influence preterm deliveries.<br>References Mineno, T., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 57, 1167 (2009), Aylward, L., et al.: Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 55, 259 (2009), Engel, S., et al.: NeuroToxicol., 30, 522 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Methoxybenzoic Acid is used in the preparation of benzohydroxamic acids as potent and selective anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) agents.<br>References Kozlov, M.V., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 23, 5936 (2013)<br></p>

<p>Applications Bis(2-methoxyethyl) Phthalate is a phthalate derivative found in cosmetic products.<br>References Gimeno, P., et al.: J. Chromatograph. A., 1253, 144 (2012); Hu, X.Y., et al.: Key. Engine. Material., 480, 507 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,4-Benzenedicarboxylic Acid Dimethyl Ester is a derivative of terephthalic acid (T112500), a benzenepolycarboxylic acid with potential anti-hemorrhagic properties.<br>References Veronese, E., et al.: Phytomedicine, 12, 123 (2005), Panfoli, I., et al.: Toxins, 2, 417 (2010), Aung, H., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 19, 2392 (2011),<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde-d3 is a useful intermediate used in the synthesis of deuterated dietary antioxidants like ferulic acid derivatives and α-tocopherol.<br>References Parikka, K., et al.: J. Label. Compds and Radiopharm., 50, 475 (2007)<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of the flavanoid Quercetin (Q509500) with antioxidant properties. It helps to protect H9c2 cardiomyoblasts against H2O2-induced oxidative stress via the modulation of PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 signaling pathways.<br>References Duenas, M. et al.: Eur. Food Res. Technol., 232, 103 (2011); Ameho, C.K. et al.: J. Nutrit. Biochem., 19, 467 (2008); Angeloni, C. et al.: Biochimie, 89, 73 (2007);<br></p>

<p>Applications Bis(4-methylcyclohexyl) Phthalate is a phthalic acid ester used as plasticizer for optical films and polarizing sheets.<br>References Stemmler, E.A., et al.: J. Am. Soc. Mass. Spec., 5, 990 (1994);<br></p>

<p>Applications Methylcyclohexane is used as an organic solvent and is highly flammable.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Bryce-Smith, D et al.: Org. Synth. 67, 113 (1967); Lin, B. et al.: Energy Fuel., 32, 3883 (2018);<br></p>

<p>Applications Ethyl Butyrate, is used in the preparation of novel 2-cyanopyrimidines as cathespin K inhibitors. Also used in the synthesis of pyridobenzimidazole derivatives exhibiting antifungal activity by the inhibition of β-1,6-glucan.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References By Rankovic, Z. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.,, 20, 1524 (2010); Takeshita, H. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 20, 3893 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications Α substituted hippurate analog as substrates and inhibitor of peptidylglycine α-hydroxylating monooxygenase (PHM).<br>References Kruse, L., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 33, 781 (1990), Jeng, A., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 272, 14666 (1997), Schally, A., et al.: Horm. Metab. Res., 40, 315 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications Isophthalic Acid is a useful reagent for preparing semiconductor sealing materials, prepregs, build-up films, solder resists, dry films, and printed wiring boards.<br>References Matsumura, Y., &amp; Nakamura, A.: PCT Int. Appl. (2021), WO 2021006164 A1<br></p>

<p>Applications An antimicrobial agent used in cosmetic products.<br>References Gilliland, D., et al.: J. Appl. Bacteriol., 72, 258 (1992), Routledge, E., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 153, 12 (1998), Miller, C., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 272, 32824 (1997), Nakagawa, Y., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 55, 1907 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Quercetin 3-O-β-D-Glucuronide is a metabolite of Quercetin (Q509500).<br>References Ajay, M., et al.: Life Sci., 74, 603 (2003), Shen, S., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 197, 84 (2004), Amira, S., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol. 599, 126 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications myo-Inositol Hexanicotinate is an nicotinate conjugate of myo-inositol, an structural basis for a number of secondary messengers.<br>References Harsha, K.P., et al.: J. Pharma. Res., 4, 217 (2011); Vilar, S., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 49, 1118 (2006);<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,2,4-Triethylbenzene, can be used for the synthesis of ethyl derivative of indan and tetralin, biological makers in fossil fuels.<br>References Adamczyk,M., et al.: J. Org. Chem., 49, 22, 4227 (1984);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 6'-Sialyllactose binds several viral strains, including strains of influenza, HIV-1, reovirus, and polyomavirus.<br>References Wu, W., et al.: Virol., 325, 340 (2004); Borges, R., et al.: Virol., 433, 489 (2012); Iskarpatyoti, J., et al.: Virol., 433,489 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications Isoflurane is a halogenated ether used for inhalational anesthesia. Recent studies suggest that there might be a relationship between administration of isoflurane and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Lewis, M.C. et al.: Med. Hypoth., 68, 484 (2007); Mellon, R.D. et al.: Anesth. Analg., 104, 509 (2007);<br></p>

<p>Applications Benzoic Acid-d5 is a compound useful in organic synthesis. A pentadeuterated form of benzoic acid for proteomics research.<br>References Kurogochi, M., et al.: Molecules, 19, 9944 (2014); Liang, X., et al.: Asian J. Org. Chem., 6, 1063 (2017)<br></p>

<p>Applications The aglucon of Naringin. Inhibitory mechanism of Naringenin against carcinogenic acrylamide formation and nonenzymic browning in Maillard model reactions.<br>References Lomovskaya, N., et al.: J. Bacteriol., 181, 305 (1999), Chung, L., et al.: J. Antibiot., 54, 250 (2001), Kim, D., et al.: Biochemistry, 43, 981 (2004), Kumar, S., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 280, 19569 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Chrysene (C428000). Chrysene occurs in coal tar. Is formed during distillation of coal, in very small amount during distillation or pyrolysis of many fats and oils. Chrysene is one of the basic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) which is toxic environmental pollutant and consistently exposed to sunlight. However, little information is available on its photogenotoxicity.  The objective of the present study was to analyze the effects of Chrysene, under environmental intensity of UVB (0.6 mW/cm2) in human skin epidermal cell line (HaCaT).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Anderson, D., et al.: Mutat. Res., 307, 261 (1994), Diamond, S., et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 25, 3015 (2006), Fotakis, G., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 160, 171 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications A compound contents in musts and wines from Vitis vinifera variety Cabernet Sauvignon.<br>References Murray, K., et al.: J. Sci. Food Agric., 26, 973 (1975), Maga, J., et al.: Food Rev. Int., 8, 479 (1992), Allen, M., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 43, 769 (1995),<br></p>

<p>Applications Isouramil is an aglycon of vicine and convicine, and a causative agent of favism.<br>References Pulkkinen, M., et al.: Food Chem., 212, 10-19 (2016)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 1,2,4-Benzenetricarboxylic Acid 4-(2-ethylhexyl) Ester is an analog of Trioctyl Trimellitate (T804400) which is a plasticizer that was evaluated for endocrine disrupting activities through estrogen receptor alpha binding assay.<br>References Riddick, W.: J. Coating. Technol., 55, 57 (1983); Ito, R., et al.: Int. J. Pharma., 360, 91 (2008); Ohashi, A., et al.: J. Artific. Organs., 8, 252 (2005);<br></p>

<p>Applications A non-nutritive sweetener.<br>References Taylor, et al.: Food Cosmet. Toxicol., 6, 313 (1968), Brantom, et al.: Food Cosmet. Toxicol., 11, 735 (1973),<br></p>

<p>Applications: Isotope labelled analogue of 2-Methoxyacetic Acid, a synthetic intermediate in the synthesis of dimethyl(alkyloxy)[(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]furanones as COX-2 inhibitors.<br>Dangerous Goods Info: Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Leblanc, Y., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 9, 2207 (1999);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A metabolite of Bisphenol A.<br>References Zalko, D., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 26, 28 (1998), Matthews, J., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxico., 14, 149 (2001), Kinjo, J., et al.: Biol. Pharm. Bull., 27, 185 (2004), Murata, M., et al.: Biochemistry, 43, 2569 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications 2,5-Bis(5-tert-butylbenzooxazol-2-yl)thiophene is a dye. It is used to prepare stable fluorescent silica nanoparticles as DNA carrier. 2,5-Bis(5-tert-butylbenzooxazol-2-yl)thiophene is also used as the emissive layer of electroluminescent devices.<br>References Yang, Y., et al.: Synt. Met., 91, 335 (1997); Lee, K., et al.: J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 11, 686 (2011); Yang, J., et al.; Synt. Met., 137,999 (2003)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Furoylglycine is an intermediate used to prepare non-nucleoside inhibitors of HCV NS5b RNA polymerase. It is also used in the synthesis of benzimidazolylazabicyclooctylethylpiperidines as Ccr5 antagonists for the treatment of HIV infection.<br>References Antonysamy, S., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 18, 2990 (2008); Kazmierski, W., et al.: PCT Int. Appl. (2004), WO 2004054974 A2 20040701<br></p>

<p>Applications Di-n-Butylphthalate (DBP) metabolite.<br>References Shen, O., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 191, 9 (2009), Aylward, L., et al.: Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 55, 259 (2009), Beydon, D., et al.: Toxicol. in Vitro, 24, 71 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Di-n-butylphthalate (DBP) metabolite.<br>References Shen, O., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 191, 9 (2009), Aylward, L., et al.: Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 55, 259 (2009), Beydon, D., et al.: Toxicol. in Vitro, 24, 71 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications Nordihydro Guaiaretic Acid is a lipoxygenase inhibitor; polyphenol-bearing o-dihydroxy (catechol) structure. Inhibitor of broad bean lipoxygenase. The oxidation product from Resveratrol (R150000) showed a high inhibitory activity, whereas Resveratrol itself had no activity and its oxidation efficiency was low.<br>References Brash, A., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 274, 23679 (1999), Fujimoto, A., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 20, 7393 (2010), Ridolfi, M., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 50, 835 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Applications An isotope labelled derivative of rac Mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) Phthalate (M542522), a phthalate metabolite.<br>References Ye, X., et al.: Environ. Res., 108, 260 (2008), Engel, S., et al.: NeuroToxicol., 30, 522 (2009), Samandar, E., et al.: Environ. Res., 109, 641 (2009), Anderson, W., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 49, 2022 (2011),<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-(((4-Methyl-7-oxyooctyl)oxy)carbonyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic Acid is a secondary oxidized metabolite of the di(isononyl)cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH) monoester (MINCH) and may be used as biomarkers of DINCH exposure. DINCH is a major substitute for some high molecular weight phthalates that adversely affect reproductive function.<br>References Schutze, A., et. al.: J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci., 895, 123 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications Isolated from the basic fraction of coal tar. A semi-volatile compound in tobacco.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Van den Dool, H., et al.: J. Chromatogr.,11, 463 ( 1963), Radulovic, N., et al.: Phytother. Res., 20, 85 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Bisdemethoxycurcumin is one of the three major forms of curcuminoids found in the rhizomes of turmeric. Bisdemethoxycurcumin displays antioxidant, anti-inflammatory as well as chemotherapeutic activity. Bisdemethoxycurcumin acts as an inhibitor of human pancreatic α-amylase, a target for type-2 diabetes .<br>References Ponnusamy, S. et al.: Food Chem., 135, 2638 (2012); Hung, C.-M. et al.: J. Agric. Food. Chem., 60, 8427 (2012); Jayaprakasha, G.K. et al.: Food Chem., 98, 720 (2006);<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled metabolite of Carbamazepine (C175840).<br>References Bellucci, G., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 30, 768 (1987), Johannessen, S., et al.: Ther. Drug. Monit., 27, 710 (2005), Bialer, M., et al.: Expert Opin. Invest. Drugs, 15, 637 (2006), Williams, J., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 46, 258 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Stability Very Hygroscopic<br>Applications A metabolite of Solifenacin (S676700) .<br>References Hammerlein, A., et al.: Clin. Pharmacokinet., 35, 49 (1998), Schwartz, J., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 55, 509 (1994),Wein, A., et al.: Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs, 10, 65 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Ciprofloxacin EP Impurity C/ Enrofloxacin EP impurity G<br>Applications Desethylene Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride (Ciprofloxacin EP Impurity C) is a metabolite of the fluorinated quinolone antibacterial Ciprofloxacin (C482500(P)).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Hoffken, G., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 27, 375 (1985), Scully, B.E., et al.: Lancet, 1, 819 (1986)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Leflunomide USP Related Compound B<br>Applications rac A77 1726 is the active metabolite of Leflunomide, a potent disease-modifying antirheumatic drug used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. LEF-M interferes with dendritic cell function. The second Phase III study evaluating the efficacy of Genzyme’s teriflunomide therapy against relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis found the once-daily oral drug to be no less effective than injectable interferon beta 1a (Rebif®). Leflunomide USP Related Compound B.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Kirsch, B.M., et al.: Arthritis Research and Therapy, 7, 3, R694, (2005)<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Estradiol. Estradiol (known as α-Estradiol or 17 α-Estradiol) is a biologically active estrogen in human breast cancer cells in tissue culture. 17-Εstradiol and its selective receptor, ER-X, are not part of a classical hormone/receptor endocrine system but of a system with important autocrine/paracrine functions in the developing and adult brain. 17-Estradiol may have enormous implications for hormone replacement strategies at the menopause and in the treatment of such neurodegenerative disorders as Alzheimer’s disease and ischemic stroke.<br>References Salole, E.G., Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 15, 283 (1986), Lievertz, R.W., et al.: Am. J. Obstret. Gynecol., 156, 1289 (1987), Kuhnz, W., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 43, 966 (1993),<br></p>

<p>Applications Monoisopropyl Phthalate-d4, is the labeled analogue of Monoisopropyl Phthalate (M547900), which is shown to have anti-estrogenic activities.<br>References Okubo, T., et al.: Bio. Pharmace. Bulletin, 26 (8), 1219 (2003);<br></p>

<p>Applications A minor metabolite of Bergamottin (B318400). Metabolization of Bergamottin by cytochromes P 450 2B6 and 3A5.<br>References Lin, H., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 301, 160 (2002), Hesselink, D., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 74, 245 (2003), Evans, D., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 17, 3 (2004), Friesner, R., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 47, 1739 (2004), Bumpus, N., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 33, 795 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Amino-1,6-dimethylfuro[3,2-e]imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine is a heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) as potential human carcinogen. 2-Amino-1,6-dimethylfuro[3,2-e]imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine is formed in beef, pork, and chicken cooked to various levels of doneness.<br>References Knize, M., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 32, 595 (1994), Sinha, R., et al.: Cancer Res., 55, 4516 (1995), Sinha, R., et al.: Mutat Res., 506 197 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Ethylhexyl 4-[methyl(nitroso)amino]benzoate is an impurity of Padimate O(P133800) which is a cancer chemopreventive compound used in sunscreen formulations.<br>References Kapadia, G. et al.: Int. J. Cosm. Sci., 35, 143 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications Di-n-Butylphthalate (DBP) (M525100) glucuronide metabolite.<br>References Shen, O., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 191, 9 (2009), Aylward, L., et al.: Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 55, 259 (2009), Beydon, D., et al.: Toxicol. in Vitro, 24, 71 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Chloro-6-(2-hydroxybenzylamino)-9-isopropylpurine (cas# 500568-72-9) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>