Nucleotides

<p>L-Thymidine is an antiviral drug that is used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis. It has been shown to be active against a range of viruses, including HIV, HSV, and HBV. L-Thymidine can also be used to treat patients with cancer as an anti-cancer agent. L-Thymidine is a prodrug that is converted into thymidine triphosphate (TTP), which inhibits viral DNA polymerase by competitive inhibition. The antiviral activity of L-Thymidine may be due to its ability to inhibit the synthesis of viral proteins required for viral replication by interfering with the protein production process or by inhibiting the formation of dsDNA during reverse transcription.</p>

<p>9-(b-D-Arabinofuranosyl)isoguanine is a modified nucleoside that has antiviral activity. It is synthesized by substituting the 2'-hydroxyl group of deoxyribose with an arabinofuranose, which can be phosphorylated to form 9-(b-D-arabinofuranosyl)isoguanine 5'-monophosphate. This novel antiviral agent inhibits the synthesis of viral DNA and RNA, and is effective against a wide range of viruses in vitro. The drug was shown to have anticancer activities in animal models and has been patented for use as a chemotherapeutic agent against leukemia, lymphoma, and other cancers.</p>

<p>8-(Allyloxy)guanosine is a nucleoside analog. It is an antiviral and anticancer drug that inhibits DNA synthesis by inhibiting the enzyme DNA polymerase. 8-AOG also inhibits the expression of genes involved in inflammatory responses, such as lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase 2, and 5-lipoxygenase. This compound has been shown to be effective against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, adenovirus type 3, and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). 8-(Allyloxy)guanosine can be used to inhibit the tumor growth of human cancer cells in vitro.<br>8-(Allyloxy)guanosine has been shown to have a low toxicity to healthy cells in vitro and when administered in vivo.</p>

<p>2'-Deoxy-2'-fluorocytidine-5'-triphosphate tetralithium is a modified nucleoside analog where the base is cytosine, the sugar is deoxyribose with a fluoro modification at the 2' position, and the molecule is phosphorylated at the 5' position with a triphosphate group.</p>

<p>Antineoplastic prodrug</p>

<p>3'-O-Benzoyl-2'-deoxy-N2-isobutyrylguanosine is a new antiviral nucleoside, which has been synthesized by reacting benzoyl chloride with 2'-deoxy-N2-isobutyrylguanosine monophosphate. It is also a novel DNA and RNA phosphoramidite monomer that can be used for the synthesis of oligonucleotides and oligoribonucleotides. 3'-O-Benzoyl-2'-deoxy-N2-isobutyrylguanosine is an activator of HIV reverse transcriptase, which leads to inhibition of viral replication.</p>

<p>Adenosine-2'-monophosphate is a nucleotide that contains two adenine bases. It is an important precursor in the synthesis of ATP, which is the main source of energy for cells. Adenosine-2'-monophosphate has been shown to inhibit phosphatase and lysine residues, as well as GSH-Px activities in kidney cells, leading to increased glomerular filtration rate. It also activates microglia cells and induces oxidative injury in rat brain tissue. The kinetic data for this molecule suggests that it binds to the enzyme ternary complex formation with a neutral pH optimum.</p>

<p>S-adenosylmethionine is a compound that is naturally produced in the body and has been shown to be involved in many biochemical reactions. It can be found as a supplement at health food stores, but also is available as a prescription for the treatment of certain liver diseases such as hepatitis. S-adenosylmethionine may have some drug transporter function and can affect the metabolism of other drugs.</p>

<p>2'-Azido-2'-deoxycytidine is a nucleoside analog derived from cytidine, in which the 2'-hydroxyl group of the ribose is replaced by an azido group (–N₃), while the cytosine base and remaining sugar structure are preserved. This substitution imparts the molecule with bioorthogonal reactivity, enabling its use in chemical biology applications such as nucleic acid labeling via azide-alkyne "click" chemistry. The azido group also sterically and electronically alters sugar conformation and enzymatic recognition, which can affect its incorporation into DNA or RNA by polymerases. Consequently, 2'-azido-2'-deoxycytidine is a useful research tool.</p>

<p>Guanosine 5'-triphosphate disodium salt is a nucleotide that is involved in energy metabolism and intracellular Ca2+ levels. It also has been shown to be an important regulator of guanine nucleotide-binding, enzyme activities, and receptor activity. This compound is a substrate for the polymerase chain reaction, which can be used to amplify DNA sequences. Guanosine 5'-triphosphate disodium salt has been shown to inhibit the growth of bacterial cells by binding to the antibiotic thiostrepton. The inhibition of bacterial growth is due to the prevention of antibiotic binding to bacterial ribosomes.</p>

<p>Adenosine is a nucleoside that interacts with adenosine receptors in the central nervous system. It is found in most body tissues and fluids, including blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and synovial fluid. Adenosine has been shown to inhibit uptake of glucose and other substances in the brain. The uptake of adenosine by neurons is inhibited by solute transport inhibitors such as nevirapine, which prevents the accumulation of toxic levels of adenosine during excitotoxic injury. Adenosine also has thermodynamic properties that promote its removal from solution by binding to water molecules and forming crystals or precipitates. This property may be useful in the treatment of cerebral edema following traumatic brain injury.</p>

<p>Acetyl-coenzyme A is an important intermediate in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. It is a cytosolic molecule that is synthesized from Acetyl-CoA and ATP. The Michaelis–Menten kinetics describe the relationship between the concentration of acetyl-coenzyme A and the rate of its consumption. Acetyl co-enzyme A is found in many different tissues, including plants, animals, and humans. It has an important role in regulating cellular growth and differentiation by activating various enzymes involved in metabolic pathways. Acetyl CoA can be acetylated to form acetyl CoA carboxylic acid (ACC) which then turns into malonyl CoA through a series of reactions. Malonyl CoA then enters the Krebs cycle as a key intermediate for generating energy from fatty acids.</p>

<p>N6-Benzoyl-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoroadenosine is an oligonucleotide that can be used to modulate the expression of survivin. It inhibits the expression of this protein by binding to its mRNA and preventing translation. N6-Benzoyl-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoroadenosine has shown potential for use in cancer treatment due to its ability to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis. It may also be used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, where it can inhibit the production of inflammatory cytokines.</p>

<p>5-Acetoxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (5-AOMUdR) is a nucleoside analog that inhibits the synthesis of DNA. It is phosphorylated to 5-acetoxymethyl uridine monophosphate, which inhibits DNA polymerase by competitive inhibition. This compound has been shown to induce apoptosis in vitro and inhibit HIV replication in cells. 5-AOMUdR has also been shown to be an effective anti-viral agent against influenza A virus.</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about 3'-O-Acetyl-2'-deoxyadenosine including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>Cytidine 2',3'-cyclic monophosphate monosodium salt is a nucleotide that is used in the synthesis of DNA and RNA. It has antiviral and anticancer properties. Cytidine 2',3'-cyclic monophosphate monosodium salt is a high purity, high quality nucleotide with strong activator properties. It is also an excellent substrate for DNA polymerases, which may be due to its ability to bind to the phosphate groups on the enzyme's active site. This product can be used as a phosphoramidite during DNA synthesis or as an antiviral agent that inhibits viral replication by inhibiting the formation of viral DNA.</p>

<p>N4-Acetyl-2'-deoxy-5'-O-DMT-cytidine is a potent and selective inhibitor of the receptor tyrosine kinases Cck-A, which is overexpressed in certain tumour cells. N4-Acetyl-2'-deoxy-5'-O-DMT-cytidine blocks the activation of Cck-A by endothelin, thereby inhibiting the proliferation of tumour cells. This compound also has affinity for other protein kinases including receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)s, which may be due to its tautomeric equilibrium.</p>

<p>N6-Benzoyl-2'-deoxy-5'-O-DMT-adenosine is a versatile nucleoside building block.</p>

<p>Anti-viral; reverse transcriptase inhibitor</p>

<p>N4-Acetyl-5'-O-DMT-2'-O-methylcytidine is a cytidine analogue that has been synthesized to be used as an enzyme-linked probe. It is labelled with biotin and can be detected by binding to an antibody which has been labelled with a fluorescent tag. Cytidine analogues are synthesized on a solid phase and then cleaved from the support material. The spacer arm is added to the 5' end of the nucleotide and the 3'-OH group is modified with 2'-O-methyl groups. N4-Acetyl-5'-O-DMT-2'-O-methylcytidine has been shown to be sensitive in techniques such as solid phase synthesis, nucleic acid research, and immunoassays.</p>

<p>Acadesine is a purine nucleoside analogue that inhibits the synthesis of ATP in cells. Acadesine blocks phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by inhibiting the activity of kinase-3, an enzyme involved in the production of ATP. Acadesine also inhibits the release of ATP from muscle cells into the blood stream and preferentially targets kidney cells, thereby reducing renal injury. Acadesine has been shown to be effective at reducing proteinuria and improving renal function in rats with acute kidney injury. Acadesine also has anti-inflammatory properties due to its ability to inhibit proteins that are involved in inflammation.</p>

<p>2'-Deoxy-5-fluorouridine is a nucleoside analog that inhibits the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase, which is involved in the synthesis of DNA. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of cancer cells and induce apoptosis in vivo. 2'-Deoxy-5-fluorouridine has also been shown to inhibit tumor growth in animal models by inhibiting the production of reactive oxygen species and upregulating tumor suppressor genes, such as p53. This drug also has inhibitory effects on enzymes that are involved in cell proliferation, such as protein kinase C and tyrosine kinases. 2'-Deoxy-5-fluorouridine is metabolized by water vapor, so it must be administered with a humidifier or nebulizer. 2'-Deoxy-5-fluorouridine may cause side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.</p>

<p>5-Methylcytidine-5'-triphosphate sodium salt is a nucleoside diphosphate that is used as an activator in the synthesis of DNA. It is also used as a building block in the synthesis of anticancer agents, such as 5-methylcytosine monophosphate and phosphoramidites. The chemical name for this product is 5-methylcytidine-5'-triphosphate sodium salt and its CAS number is 327174-86-7. This product is available for purchase at Sigma Aldrich with a purity of 99%.</p>

<p>Used for energy storage and in nucleic acid metabolism</p>

<p>Abacavir is a carbocyclic 2'-deoxyguanosine nucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor with anti-retroviral activity against HIV. Good oral bioavailability, high aqueous solubility and good cerebrospinal fluid penetrance. Synergistic with other nucleoside RT inhibitors such as AZT.</p>

<p>2-Amino-2'-deoxyadenosine is a modified nucleoside, closely related to adenosine in which the 2'-hydroxyl group is replaced by an amino group. This compound has potential research applications</p>

<p>Adenylyl-3'-5'-cytidine (3'-5'-CYT) is a postulated naturally occurring dinucleoside that has been shown to be involved in many metabolic processes. It has been found to interact with serum albumin, which may be related to the molecule's ability to bind with the ligand and form a complex. 3'-5'CYT can be synthesized from cytidine using an enzyme called adenosine deaminase. This process is known as deamination. The product of this reaction can either be uracil or thymine, depending on the enzyme used. 3'-5'CYT is also a component of recombinant human polypeptides that have been shown to have anti-cancer properties.</p>

<p>Ribavirin triphosphate is the biologically active metabolite of antiviral nucleoside analog ribavirin. In cells, the prodrug ribavirin gets triphosphorylated and in it inhibits viral RNA polymerases, interfering with the synthesis of newly formed RNA.</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about p-Coumaryl-coenzyme A including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>5'-Azido-5'-deoxyguanosine is an analog of guanosine that can be synthesized in a solid-phase reaction. It can also be enzymatically generated from 5'-azido-5'-deoxyadenosine. This molecule is reactive and has been shown to be an effective inhibitor of DNA synthesis in vivo assays. The use of 5'-azido-5'-deoxyguanosine has been explored as a potential treatment for leishmaniasis, a disease caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani.</p>

<p>N4-Benzoyl-5'-O-DMT-cytidine is a novel modified nucleoside that can be phosphorylated by T4 kinase to form 5'-O-DMT-N4-benzoyl cytidine, which is an antiviral agent. This active compound is also an activator of DNA polymerases and has anticancer properties. N4-Benzoyl-5'-O-DMT cytidine has been shown to inhibit the replication of HIV in human cells and inhibit tumor growth in animal models. It has been synthesized with high quality and high purity, and has been assigned CAS No. 81246-76-6.</p>

<p>A pyrimidine derivative, widely used for the induction of diabetes in experimental animals. It preferentially accumulates in pancreatic β cells in Langerhans islets via glucose transporter GLUT2. In the presence of intracellular thiols such as glutathione, it gets involved in a cyclic redox reaction with its reduction product, dialuric acid. This triggers the production of toxic levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and directs the cells in necrosis. Alloxan also inhibits glucokinase, which regulates glucose-induced insulin secretion.</p>

<p>5-Carboxy-2'-deoxyuridine is a nucleoside analogue that inhibits herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2) replication. It is used to treat genital herpes infections caused by HSV-1 or HSV-2. 5-Carboxy-2'-deoxyuridine has been shown to inhibit the growth of human cancer cells in culture, and is currently being investigated as a potential anticancer drug. This drug binds with high affinity to the viral DNA polymerase, forming a covalent bond with the uracil base in the viral DNA chain. This prevents further elongation of the chain, inhibiting viral replication. 5-Carboxy-2'-deoxyuridine also inhibits cellular protein synthesis and cell division, which may be due to its ability to bind with aldehyde groups on surfactant proteins.END&gt;</p>

<p>Adenosine-5'-O-(1-thiotriphosphate) lithium salt is an inhibitor of the guanine nucleotide-binding protein that is reversibly inhibited by adenosine triphosphate. It has been shown to inhibit HIV infection by binding to the Ryanodine receptor and blocking the release of calcium ions from intracellular stores. This prevents the activation of caspases, which are enzymes that cause cell lysis. Adenosine-5'-O-(1-thiotriphosphate) lithium salt also blocks transcription and polymerase chain reactions, and may inhibit the growth of cancer cells by inhibiting epidermal growth factor receptors on the cell surface.</p>

<p>N6-Benzyl-2-deoxyadenosine is a modified nucleotide that can be incorporated into DNA during replication. The compound has antiviral properties and can act as an activator for the transcription of genes involved in the immune response. It is synthesized by coupling two phosphate groups to adenosine monophosphate, which is then modified with a benzyl group. This modification prevents N6-benzyl-2-deoxyadenosine from being phosphorylated and degraded to adenosine monophosphate, resulting in a stable molecule that can be incorporated into DNA.</p>

<p>9-(2'-Deoxy-2'-fluoro-b-D-arabinofuranosyl)adenine (9dFdA) is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme s-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase, which is involved in the synthesis of adenosine. 9dFdA inhibits the growth of Trichomonas vaginalis and has shown good activity against other pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It also has been shown to have potent inhibitory activity against adenosine deaminase, which prevents an immune response by preventing cells from producing the amino acid adenosine. This compound also inhibits uridine phosphorylase, which is involved in nucleotide biosynthesis.</p>

<p>3'-Amino-2',3'-dideoxycytidine's lack of a 3'-hydroxyl group makes it a chain terminator for DNA polymerase, a key application in Sanger sequencing. Additionally, the 3'-amino group serves as a functional handle for modifying the 3' end of oligonucleotides with various labels or conjugates, expanding their utility in research and diagnostics.</p>

<p>2'-Deoxyadenosine-5'-diphosphate sodium salt is a nucleotide that is involved in the synthesis of DNA. It is a structural analog of adenosine-5'-diphosphate and can be used as an experimental tool to study metabolic disorders. 2'-Deoxyadenosine-5'-diphosphate sodium salt binds to p2y receptors and blocks their activation, which inhibits cellular energy metabolism. This compound is structurally similar to adenosine-5'-triphosphate, but has been shown to inhibit the expansion of cells when heated, unlike adenosine-5'-triphosphate. 2'-Deoxyadenosine-5'-diphosphate sodium salt also inhibits cell proliferation in cancer cells and may have potential as a therapeutic agent for bowel disease.</p>

<p>N4-Acetyl-2'-O-methylcytidine is a chemical compound that is an analog of cytidine. It has been shown to have the ability to stabilize RNA molecules at high temperatures and has been used in the study of epigenetics and thermophilic organisms. N4-Acetyl-2'-O-methylcytidine is also known as AEMC. This compound can be used for reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography, which separates compounds based on their size and shape. Furiosus is a strain of bacteria that contains this chemical compound in its genome. Furiosus was found to contain this compound in its DNA by using posttranscriptional modification techniques such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).</p>

<p>3'-Fluoro-3'-deoxyuridine is a nucleoside analog that inhibits DNA synthesis and has been used to treat hepatitis.</p>

<p>Adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate disodium salt is a nucleotide that is found in all cells and is involved in the regulation of many physiological processes, including energy metabolism and blood flow. It has inhibitory effects on platelets and calcium ion channels. Adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate disodium salt also inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins by blocking the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin H2, which leads to an anti-inflammatory effect. Adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate disodium salt has been shown to be effective in treating primary pulmonary hypertension and bowel disease. The reaction solution can be used for polymerase chain reactions, multivariate logistic regression, or other applications.</p>

<p>2'-Deoxy-2'-fluorocytidine is a nucleoside analog with the potential as an Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus antiviral</p>

<p>5-Methoxyuridine is a nucleoside that is structurally related to uridine. It is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of pyrimidines and is also used as a precursor for other compounds. 5-Methoxyuridine has been shown to inhibit protein synthesis by binding to purine receptors and inhibiting the function of protein kinases. The x-ray crystal structures of 5-methoxyuridine bound to two different p2y receptors have been determined. The analytical chemistry of 5-methoxyuridine is based on UV absorption measurements, which are able to identify hydrogen bonds between the base and the sugar moiety. This drug has been investigated for its potential use in cancer therapy due to its ability to inhibit RNA synthesis, which can lead to cell death by incomplete replication or transcription. 5-Methoxyuridine inhibits messenger RNA (mRNA) production in bacteria by interfering with sequence recognition and binding sites within the ribosome and preventing</p>

<p>2'-Chloro-2'-deoxyuridine is a thymidine analog for research applications</p>

<p>2-Amino-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoroadenosine is a modified nucleoside. Fluorination modifications can make molecules have increased resistance to enzymatic degradation, which has useful applications in drug development. The extra amino group could also enhance binding properties or alter biological activity.</p>

<p>3-N-Boc-5'-O-DMT-3'-O-nosylthymidine is an anticancer nucleoside that is used as a building block for the synthesis of other anticancer compounds. It can be synthesized by the reaction between 3,4,5′-trimethoxybenzoyl chloride and thymidine in the presence of DMAP and DIPEA. This compound has shown antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities. 3-N-Boc-5'-O-DMT-3'-O-nosylthymidine can also be used as a precursor to synthesize novel nucleosides with different properties. This product is soluble in water, ethanol, acetone, chloroform, benzene, ether or methanol.</p>

<p>2'-O-Allylcytidine is a synthetic nucleotide that contains an allylated amino function. It is synthesized by the regiospecific allylation of uridine and guanosine. 2'-O-Allylcytidine has been used in research studies for the synthesis of oligonucleotides with specific sequences and for high-yield production of synthons.</p>

<p>2'-Amino-2'-deoxyguanosine is a modified nucleoside, based on guanosine. The 2'-hydroxyl has been replaced by an amino group, which can form different hydrogen bonds compared to a hydroxyl or just a hydrogen, altering the way the sugar interacts in a DNA or RNA strand.</p>

<p>Tenofovir is an acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that exhibits anti-viral properties through its inhibition of reverse transcriptases. In particular, Tenofovir is a potent inhibitor of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and chronic Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) reverse transcriptases, thus preventing the replication of genetic viral material. This property is beneficial in virus research areas and developing antiviral treatments. Once inside the body tenofovir is metabolized into its active form, tenofovir diphosphate, by the lysosomal protease cathepsin A, nucleotide kinases and adenylate kinases. An oral prodrug, used in the treatment of HIV, is tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) hemifumerate and this has improved stability, greater antiviral activity and reduces the risk of side effects such as loss of kidney function. Furthermore, TAF is easily metabolized into tenofovir in the lymphocytes allowing increased drug accumulation in HIV cells.</p>

<p>7-Deaza-2'-deoxyinosine is a purine nucleoside analog that has been shown to be a hydrogen bond donor and formamide acceptor. This drug destabilizes duplex DNA by interfering with the formation of the hydrogen bonds between the bases, which may result in strand breakage. 7-Deaza-2'-deoxyinosine has also been shown to inhibit RNA polymerase activity, thereby inhibiting protein synthesis. It has been used as a tool for studying enzyme mechanisms and in solid phase synthesis.</p>

<p>5'-Deoxy-5'-iodoadenosine is a nucleoside analog that inhibits the activity of the adenosine receptor. This drug binds to adenosine receptors, which are found on the surface of cells. The binding results in an inhibitory effect on viral replication and cell proliferation. 5'-Deoxy-5'-iodoadenosine has been shown to be effective against hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). It is also active against animal models of human diseases such as l1210 murine leukemia and t-cell leukemia. 5'-Deoxy-5'-iodoadenosine has been shown to inhibit the growth of hl-60 cells in cell culture by blocking the synthesis of adenylate cyclase and protein kinase A.</p>

<p>5-Bromouridine is an energy-related metabolite that is a precursor of uridine. It is a nucleotide base that is incorporated into DNA during DNA replication. 5-Bromouridine has been shown to have radiation resistance and high resistance to viral life. It also binds to the nuclear DNA in cells, where it can act as a transcriptional regulator. 5-Bromouridine is used in the treatment of malignant brain tumors, where it can inhibit tumor growth by binding to the dna of cancer cells and preventing the synthesis of proteins required for cell division. 5-Bromouridine binds with high affinity to basic fibroblast, which may be related to its effects on cancer cells.</p>

<p>Activator of cGMP-dependent protein kinases</p>

<p>2'-Deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methylcytidine is a nucleoside analog with modifications on both the sugar and the nucleobase. It is a derivative of cytidine, with fluorine attached to the 2' carbon of the sugar (deoxyribose) and a methyl group at the 2' carbon of the sugar as well. These modifications provide the compound with unique properties, such as potnetial increased resistance to enzymatic degradation, which can make it useful in antiviral and anticancer applications.</p>

<p>Regulates gene transcription; inhibits the synthesis of tRNA and rRNA</p>

<p>5'-O-DMT-N2-isobutyrylguanosine is a novel phosphoramidite monophosphate, which has been modified with an isobutyryl group. This compound was synthesized in order to be used as a nucleoside analogue and antimetabolite for the treatment of cancer. It also has antiviral properties and inhibits the replication of DNA by inhibiting transcription. 5'-O-DMT-N2-isobutyrylguanosine is an anticancer agent that can be used to treat tumors that are resistant to other chemotherapy drugs. It also inhibits the growth of cells by preventing the synthesis of proteins needed for cell division.</p>

<p>2'-O-Methylinosine is a nucleoside that is structurally related to inosine. It has been shown to induce apoptotic cell death in HIV-infected cells by inhibiting the synthesis of rRNA and by inhibiting the activity of the transcriptase enzyme. 2'-O-Methylinosine has also been shown to inhibit the replication of RNA viruses, such as herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus, and it can be used as an experimental model for studying apoptosis. 2'-O-Methylinosine can be synthesized from inosine using a chromatographic method that utilizes hydroxylamine. The chemical structure of this nucleoside is amphipathic, which allows it to bind both DNA and RNA strands.</p>

<p>8-Chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine is a nucleoside analogue and a disinfectant that inhibits the synthesis of DNA. It has been used to control active viruses and to induce apoptotic cell death in cancer cells. 8-Chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine binds to viral RNA and DNA, preventing viral replication by inhibiting the activity of reverse transcriptase, which is an enzyme that copies the virus's genetic information from RNA into DNA. This drug has also been shown to be effective for the treatment of HIV infection. 8-Chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine disrupts DNA synthesis and cellular metabolism by blocking transcription and protein synthesis.</p>

<p>Uridine 3'-monophosphate disodium salt is a nucleotide that is part of the pyrimidine family. It is synthesized from uridine and phosphoric acid in a reaction that requires hydrogen bonding and the presence of an enzyme. Uridine 3'-monophosphate disodium salt has been shown to inhibit the production of eosinophil cationic protein, which may be due to its ability to denature proteins. This drug also has an effect on the synthesis of proteins by inhibiting enzymes such as acetylcholinesterase and catalase. The synthesis of glycosidic bonds is also inhibited, which may lead to an increase in body mass index (BMI).</p>

<p>4-Bromo-3,5-dichloropyridine is a reactive intermediate that is used as a reagent in organic synthesis. It has low basicity and reacts with lithium to form the lithium salt. The salt can be deprotonated to form the bromide anion, which is more reactive than the chloride anion. 4-Bromo-3,5-dichloropyridine can also be used for the selective isomerization of ketones and related compounds. Bromine is added to prevent side reactions with oxygen. The intermediates are generated at the site of reaction by using an excess of diisopropylamide over bromination agent.</p>

<p>3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine-b-D-glucuronide sodium salt is an antiviral and anticancer agent that inhibits the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and protein. It has shown to be effective against a variety of viruses including HIV-1, herpes simplex virus type 1, influenza A virus, vaccinia virus, and vesicular stomatitis virus. 3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine-b-D-glucuronide sodium salt also inhibits the growth of cancer cells in vitro. This drug is a modified nucleoside with a phosphoramidite backbone and a 3'-azido group at one end. The other end contains a beta D glucuronic acid moiety. The modifications allow for the inhibition of DNA synthesis by blocking the incorporation of deoxyribonucleotides into DNA chains.</p>

<p>2'-Deoxy-4-thiouridine is a pyrimidine nucleoside for a range of applications</p>

<p>2'-O-Methyluridine is a chemical compound that is used in the synthesis of RNA. It is an analog of uridine and has been shown to have antiviral and anticancer properties. 2'-O-Methyluridine inhibits protein synthesis by competing with uridine for the active site of the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase, which converts ribonucleotides to dNMPs. This compound also inhibits RNA synthesis by disrupting the pairing of adenine and cytosine residues in RNA strands. 2'-O-Methyluridine has been shown to inhibit growth in some types of cancer cells, including colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. It may also be useful as a chemotherapeutic agent against HIV, as it inhibits virus replication by inhibiting reverse transcription and DNA synthesis.</p>

<p>5-Carboxymethylaminomethyluridine is a nucleoside analogue that is used in molecular modeling studies to investigate the role and interactions of uridine in the mitochondrial ribosome. It has been shown to bind to the mitochondrial ribosome, which may be due to hydrogen bonding interactions with adenine. 5-Carboxymethylaminomethyluridine also inhibits protein synthesis at the level of translation by inhibiting group P2 of eukaryotic cytosolic ribosomes. This inhibition results in decreased production of proteins necessary for mitochondrial biogenesis.</p>

<p>Guanosine 5'-monophosphate disodium salt (GMPDS) is an antiviral agent that inhibits the synthesis of viral nucleic acids by competitive inhibition of the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase. GMPDS has been shown to inhibit the replication of a number of RNA viruses, including influenza A and B, herpes simplex virus type 1, and human immunodeficiency virus type 1. This drug also has been shown to decrease cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels in cells by inhibiting phosphodiesterase activity. GMPDS is used for treatment of infectious diseases such as influenza A, herpes, and HIV-1.</p>

<p>5-Fluorouridine-5'-triphosphate sodium salt is an analog of uridine that has been used in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. It is a prodrug that is metabolized to 5-fluorouracil, its active form. 5-Fluorouridine-5'-triphosphate sodium salt inhibits the synthesis of thymidylate, one of the precursors to DNA, and blocks the production of nucleotides. This results in cell lysis and death by apoptosis. The drug also inhibits epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which may contribute to its antitumor effects.</p>

<p>dATP, dTTP, dCTP and dGTP pre-mixed in a single vial</p>

<p>Adenosine 5'-diphosphate disodium salt is a sodium salt of adenosine 5'-diphosphate. It is found in the extract of plants such as salvianolic acid and rhizoma gastrodiae, as well as in dinucleotide phosphate. This product has been shown to have cardioprotective effects against ischemia reperfusion injury in animal models. It also has congestive heart failure activity, which may be due to its ability to relax vascular smooth muscle and increase the diameter of lymphatic vessels. Adenosine 5'-diphosphate disodium salt has been shown to inhibit the binding of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) to 5-HT2 receptors, which are present in heart tissue.</p>

<p>8-Amino-[1''-(N''-dansyl)-4''-aminobutyl]-5'-(1-aziridinyl)-5'-deoxyadenosine is a novel nucleoside phosphoramidite that has antiviral and anticancer activity. It is currently under development as a potential treatment for Hepatitis C, HIV and cancer. 8-Amino-[1''-(N''-dansyl)-4''-aminobutyl]-5'-(1-aziridinyl)-5'-deoxyadenosine is an activator of the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase, which converts ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides. It also inhibits the synthesis of DNA and RNA by inhibiting the enzyme DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. 8-Amino-[1''-(N''-dansyl)-4''-aminobutyl</p>

<p>Cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine is a nucleotide that is a precursor of uridine 5'-triphosphate and cytidine 5'-monophosphate, which are important for DNA synthesis. Cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine is used in the preparation of samples for experiments. This compound has been shown to induce neuronal death in an experimental model. It has also been shown to inhibit polymerase chain reactions and affect the activity of enzymes such as alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and glutamate decarboxylase. Cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine has been found to have no effect on basic fibroblast cells, but it does have physiological effects on human erythrocytes.</p>

<p>2'-Deoxyinosine-5'-monophosphate disodium salt is a synthetic nucleoside, phosphoramidite, and diphosphate that is used in the synthesis of DNA. It has been shown to have antiviral effects against HIV and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). This drug also has anticancer activity and is an activator of novel nucleosides.</p>

<p>Queuosine is a modified nucleoside found in the tRNA of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. It is primarily sourced from the gut microbiota and obtained through dietary intake, as humans lack the biosynthetic machinery to produce it endogenously. Queuosine plays a crucial role in cellular processes by contributing to the accuracy of protein synthesis, impacting cellular growth and maintenance. Its importance extends to understanding the molecular mechanisms underpinning various physiological processes and the potential for dysregulation in diseases. Ongoing research is exploring queuosine's implications in cellular metabolism, including its role in cancer biology and neurobiology. Understanding the pathways and effects of queuosine incorporation into tRNA may provide insights into novel therapeutic avenues for targeting metabolic disorders and diseases associated with translational fidelity.</p>

<p>N3-Methylthymidine is a metalloprotease inhibitor that has been shown to inhibit the activity of epidermal growth factor (EGF). N3-Methylthymidine is also an effective inhibitor of HIV infection. The inhibitory effect on HIV infection is due to the competitive inhibition of viral protease and subsequent degradation of viral proteins. N3-Methylthymidine inhibits the synthesis and release of infectious herpes simplex virus particles. This drug also inhibits the growth of human tumor cells in culture by inhibiting cell proliferation, most likely due to its ability to inhibit EGF. An analytical method for determining the concentration of this drug in plasma using chemical ligation has been developed.</p>

<p>4-[(1Z)-2-(4-Chlorophenyl)vinyl]pyridine is a modified nucleoside that is used in anticancer drugs. It has shown antiviral and antitumor effects. 4-[(1Z)-2-(4-Chlorophenyl)vinyl]pyridine is synthesized by condensing 4-chlorobenzaldehyde and 2,3-dichloropyridine. The nucleoside has been modified to be phosphorylated at the 5′ position and contains a ribonucleotide moiety and a deoxyribonucleotide moiety. This product is of high purity and quality, with an activator group at the 5′ position.</p>