Natural and semi-synthetic antibiotics

<p>Applications An inactive metabolite of Linezolid (L466500).<br>References Shinabarger, D., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 41, 2132 (1997), Wynalda, M., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 28, 1014 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications A decomposition product of Rapamycin (R124000).<br>References Yatscoff, R.W., et all.: Ther. Drug Monit., 17, 666 (1995), Wacher, V.J., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 87, 1322 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Eribulin binds microtubules, halts cancer cell growth, treating metastatic breast cancer.</p>

<p>Applications Clarithromycin-N-methyl-13C, d3, is the labeled analogue of Clarithromycin (C559750), which is a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic. Clarithromycin is a derivative of Erythromycin (E650000).<br>References Benson, C., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol., 6, 173 (1987), Boyanova, L., et al.: J. Med. Microb., 61, 85 (2012), Lin, Z., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 126, 114 (2012),<br></p>

<p>Applications Tilmicosin Phosphate Salt is the phosphate salt of the semi-synthetic antibiotic derivative. It can be used in biological study and pharmacological activity of bactericidal effects of various concentrations of enrofloxacin, florfenicol, tilmicosin phosphate, and tulathromycin on clinical isolates of Mannheimia haemolytica from cattle.<br>References Blondeau, J., et al.: Am J Vet Res, 76, 860 (2015)<br></p>

<p>Applications A phosphocholine ester metabolite of the immunosuppressant macrolide SDZ RAD (also known as Everolimus E945400) which is an analog of the parent drug Rapamycin (R124000).<br>References Zollinger, M. et al.: Drug. Metab. Disp., 36, 1457 (2008); Kovarik, J. M., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 69, 48 (2001);<br></p>

<p>Applications Nebramine Sulfate is a degradation product on the antibiotic Tobramycin (T524000).<br>References Brandl, M. et al.: Drug Dev. Indust. Pharm., 18, 1423 (1992); Ghinami, C. et al.: J. Chrom. A, 1139, 52 (2007);<br></p>

<p>Applications Linezolid (L466500) intermediate.<br></p>

<p>Impurity Moxidectin EP Impurity K<br>Applications 5-O-(4-nitrobenzoyl)moxidectin is an impurity of moxidectin (M744800), a macrocyclic lactone and semisynthetic derivative of nemadectin. Moxidectin is a parasiticide used for the prevention and control of heartworm and intestinal worms. Moxidectin is found in veterinary medicine used to treat animals such as dogs, cats, horses, cattle and sheep.<br>References Bisset, S.A. et al.: New Zeal. Vet. J., 40, 97 (1992); Monahan, C.M. et al.: Vet. Parasitol., 63, 225 (1996); Glickman, L.T. et al.: Int. J. Appl. Res. Vet. Med., 3, 49 (2005);<br></p>

<p>Stability Unstable in Solution<br>Applications p-Hydroxypenicillin V is a byproduct in the synthesis of Penicillin V (P223500), an antibacterial agent.<br>References Goldenthal, E.I., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 18, 185 (1971), Dunham, J.M., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 1, 249 (1972),<br></p>

<p>Applications An antibacterial.<br>References Bauernfeind, A.: J. Antimicro. Chemother., 40, 639 (1997), Fukuda, H., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 42, 1917 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-(Dibutylamino)-1-(2,7-dichloror-9H-fluoren-4-yl)ethanol is an impurity formed during the synthesis of Lumefantrine (L474000), a fluorene (F462000) derivative belonging to the aryl amino alcohol class of anti-malarial drugs.<br>References Verbeken, M., et al.: Malaria. J., 10, 51 (2011); Kim, K.H., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 22, 366 (1979);<br></p>

<p>Applications Rapamycin metabolite.<br>References Dickman, D., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 10, 1405 (2000), Davis, D., et al.: Clin. Biochem., 33, 31 (2000), Cummins, C., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exper. Ther., 308, 143 (2004), Scholer, A., et al.: Clin. Lab., 52, 325 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Cefbuperazone is a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic.<br>References Izumi, K., et al.: J. Chemother., 7 Suppl 4, 173 (1995)<br></p>

<p>Applications 1-butylpiperidine-2-carboxylic acid (cas# 856838-98-7) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled metabolite of Lumefantrine (L474000).<br>References Lefevre, G., et al.: Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 54, 485 (2002), Schepers, U., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 310 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Moxidectin EP L is an impurity of Moxidectin (M744800) which is a macrocyclic lactone and semisynthetic derivative of nemadectin. Moxidectin is a parasiticide used for the prevention and control of heartworm and intestinal worms. Moxidectin is found in veterinary medicine used to treat animals such as dogs, cats, horses, cattle and sheep.<br>References Bisset, S.A. et al.: New Zeal. Vet. J., 40, 97 (1992); Monahan, C.M. et al.: Vet. Parasitol., 63, 225 (1996); Glickman, L.T. et al.: Int. J. Appl. Res. Vet. Med., 3, 49 (2005);<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-(Hydroxymethylene)-6-phenyl-2,5-piperazinedione is a derivative of Cephalexin Hydrate (C256800), which is a semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic.<br>References Muggleton, et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 253 (1968), Marrelli, L.P., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 4, 21 (1975),<br></p>

<p>Applications Antibiotic substance classified in the erythromycin-carbomycin group.<br>References Sous, H., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 8, 386 (1958), Mitscher, et al.: J. Antibiot., 26, 55 (1973)<br></p>

<p>Applications L-Cycloserine is an irreversible inhibitor of 3-ketodihydrosphingosine synthetase.<br></p>

<p>Applications The major glucuronide metabolite of Chloramphenicol (C325030).<br>References Simons, P., et al.: Xenobiotica, 22, 1267 (1992), Kaji, H., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 33, 60 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Lasalocid is an anticancer supplement agent comprising of polyether antibiotic for treating brain tumors, also inhibits mitochondrial GPD2 activity and elicits anti-proliferative effects on cancer cells.<br>References Singh, G., et al.: Pharmaceuticals, 7, 192 (2014); Choi, G. S., et al.: Repub. Korean Kongkae Taeho Kongbo (2015), KR 2015033201 A 20150401<br></p>

<p>Applications Spinosad is a broad spectrum insecticide and used as a reference standard. This compound is a mixture of Spinosyn A (S681953) and Spinosyn D (S681955). Useful in cannabis testing kits as a component of pesticide mixes (P698240).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Williams, et al.: Biocontrol Sci Technol. 13, 459 (2003); Salgado, V. L., et al.: Pest Biochem Physiol 60, 103 (1998)<br></p>

<p>Applications Semisynthetic antibiotic. Antibacerial (tuberculostatic).<br>References Furesz, et al.: Antibiot. Chemother., 16, 316 (1970), Gallo, G.G., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 5, 467 (1976),<br></p>

<p>Applications Tildipirosin is a novel 16-membered-ring macrolide used in veterinary medicine. Tildipirosin treats bacterial pathogens including Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida that cause respiratory tract infections in cattle and swine (BRD Bovine Respiratory Disease).<br>References Rose, M. et al.: J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther., (2012); Anderson, N.M. et al.: Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother., (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Mercapto-4-methyl-5-thiazoleacetic Acid is used as a reagent for determination of hydroxylamine using fused gold nanoparticles immobilized on sol-gel film modified gold electrode.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Kannan, P., John, A.: Anal. Chim. Acta, 663, 158 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Lovastatin EP Impurity C<br>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Dehydro Lovastatin (Lovastatin EP Impurity C) is a Lovastatin impurity.<br>References Duggan, D., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 17, 166 (1989), Wang-Iverson, D., et al.: Drugs, 23, 127 (1994), Wu, Y., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 20, 471 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Demethyl Rifampicin is a metabolite of Rifampicin (R508000).<br>References Marsili, L., et al.: J. Antibiot., 37, 1209 (1984), Nikaido, H., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 37, 1393 (1993), Piddock, L., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 45, 159 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Ceftiofur (C244700). An antibacterial.<br>References Yancey, R.J., et al.: Am. J. Vet. Res., 48, 1050 (1987)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Mitomycin EP Impurity B<br>Applications Mitomycin A (Mitomycin EP Impurity B) is the 6-methoxy analog of Mitomycin C and an antitumor antibiotic.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Kinoshita, S., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 14, 13 (1971), Kishi, Y., et al.: J. Nat. Prod., 42, 549 (1979),<br></p>

<p>Applications Mupirocin, is a major component of the pseudomonic acid, an antibiotic complex produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens NCIB 10586. Topical antibacterial.<br>References Hughes, J., et al.: J. Antibiot., 31, 330 (1978), Ward, A., et al.: Drugs, 32, 425 (1986), Casewell, M.W., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 19, 1 (1987),<br></p>

<p>Applications Anidulafungin Open-chain Degradant is an impurity of Anidulafungin (A673000) which is used as an antifungal drug.<br>References Denning, D. W., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother, 40, 611 (1997); Vazquez, J. A., et al.: Clin. Ther., 27(6), 657 (2005);<br></p>

<p>Applications An immunosuppressant that blocks T cell proliferation in vitro by inhibiting the generation of several lymphokines, especially IL-2. Shown to inhibit the activity of FK-506 binding protein, thereby reversing its effects on sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca+2 release.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Asano, K., et al.: In Vivo, 10, 537 (1996), McCall, E., et al.: Circ. Res., 79, 1110 (1996), Raufman, J.P., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 271, 19877 (1996), Rokaw, M.D., et al.: Am. J. Physiol., 271, C194 (1996), Knoll, G.A., and Bell, R.C.: Brit. Med. J., 318, 1104 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Clarithromycin EP Impurity Q<br>Applications Clarithromycin N-oxide (Clarithromycin EP Impurity Q) is an urinary metabolite of Clarithromycin (C559750), a macrolide antibiotic.<br>References Jones, P., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 15, 631 (1972), Watanabe, Y., et al.: J. Antibiot., 46, 647 (1983), Ohmori, S., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 21, 358 (1993),<br></p>

<p>Alvespimycin (17-DMAG) is a potent Hsp90 inhibitor with potential anticancer activity, which acts by binding to Hsp90.</p>

<p>Impurity Ciprofloxacin EP Impurity A; Enrofloxacin impurity A<br>Applications 7-Chloro-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-quinoline-3-carboxylic Acid (Ciprofloxacin EP Impurity A) is a metabolite of Ciprofloxacin, a fluorinated quinolone antibacterial.<br>References Siefert, H.M., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 36, 1496 (1986), Zhi, C., J. Med. Chem., 49, 1455 (2006), Trefi, S., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 44, 743 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications Semi-synthetic derivative of Abamectin; consists of a mixture of not less than 80% component B1a and not more than 20% component B1b. Anthelmintic (Onchocerca).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Chabala, J.C., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 23, 1134 (1980); Campbell, W.C., et al.: Science, 221, 823 (1983); Bennett, J.L., et al.: Parasitol. Today, 4, 226 (1988); Plaisier, A.P., et al.: J. Infect. Dis., 172, 204 (1995);<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Nitrobenzaldehyde is a benzaldehyde with a nitro group in the para position. It is used as a reagent in decarboxylative aldol reactions that are catalyzed by lipases and proteases in organic co-solvent mixtures.<br>References Chaurasia, P.K., et al.: Synthetic Commun., 44, 2535 (2014); Ishikawa, F., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 21, 7011 (2013); Jiang, L., et al.: Biotechnol. Lett., 36, 99 (2014)<br></p>

<p>Applications An antibacterial. A broad spectrum, orally absorbed third generation cephalosporin, ester prodrug of the active free acid metabolite, Cefpodoxime.<br>References Fujimoto, K., et al.: J. Antibiot., 40, 370 (1987), Utsui, Y., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 31, 1085 (1987),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Mitomycin C is an antitumor antibiotic. It is antineoplastic.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Kinoshita, S., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 14, 13 (1971), Beijnen, J.H., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 16, 361 (1986),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Roxithromycin (R700850).<br>References Lindstrom, T., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 37, 265 (1993), Shimada, T., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 270, 414 (1994), Yamazaki, H., et al.: J. Toxicol. Sci., 21, 215 (1996),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A labelled metabolite of Cefpodoxime Proxetil (C243860). An antibacterial.<br>References Fujimoto, K., et al.: J. Antibiot., 40, 370 (1987), Utsui, Y., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 31, 1085 (1987),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Ivermectin EP Impurity D<br>Applications 28-Oxo Ivermectin B1a is an impurity of Ivermectin (I940800), an antiparasitic drug that is active against a wide variety of nematode and arthropod parasites and is used to treat scabies and lice in humans. An invitro inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2/ Covid-19.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Campbell, W., et al.: Science, 221, 823 (1983); Glaziou, P., et al.: Trop. Med. Parasitol., 45, 253 (1994); Meinking, T., et al.: New Engl. J. Med., 333, 26 (1995); Caly, L., et al.: Antivir. Res., 178<br></p>

<p>Applications An impurity of Gatifloxacin.<br>References Naber, C., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 45, 293 (2001), Herzler, M., et al.: J. Anal. Toxicol., 27, 233(2003), Pragst, F., et al.: Clin. Chem. Lab. Med., 42, 1325 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Avilamycin is an antimicrobial agent used against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus.<br>References Flora, D. et al.: J. Coastal Life Med., 3, 193 (2015);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Tacrolimus Diene Impurity (USP)<br>Applications Δ23-FK 506 is an impurity of FK-506 (Tacrolimus) (F370000), an immunosuppressant macrolactam.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Namiki, Y., et al.: J. Antibiot 1993, 46, 1149,,Akashi, T; J Pharm Biomed Anal 1996, 14, 339,,,,Wiedeman, P; J Med Chem 1999, 42, 4456,,,<br></p>

<p>Applications 3”-O-Demethyl Ivermectin is an impurity of Ivermectin (I940800), an antiparasitic drug that is active against a wide variety of nematode and arthropod parasites and is used to treat scabies and lice in humans. An invitro inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2/ Covid-19.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Campbell, W., et al.: Science, 221, 823 (1983); Glaziou, P., et al.: Trop. Med. Parasitol., 45, 253 (1994); Meinking, T., et al.: New Engl. J. Med., 333, 26 (1995); Caly, L., et al.: Antivir. Res., 178<br></p>

<p>Applications Cefdinir Sulfoxide is the oxide derivative of Cefdinir (C242670); a Cephalosporin antibiotic structurally similar to Cefixime.<br>References Inamoto, Y., et al.: J. Antibiot., 41, 828 (1988)<br></p>

<p>Applications 3(2H)-Isoxazolone is a 3-hydroxyisoxazole with fungicidal activity. 3(2H)-Isoxazolone is an impurity of Cycloserine (C988800).<br>References Takahi, Y.: San. Kenk. Nen., 25, 8 (1973);<br></p>

<p>Applications 3’-N-Didesmethyl-3’-N-tosyl Azithromycin is a derivative of Azithromycin (A927000, dihydrate) which is a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic.<br>References Langtry, H.D., et al.: Drugs, 56, 273 (1998)<br></p>

<p>Applications A fluoroquinolone used in the synthesis of Gatifloxacin (G250000).<br>References Sunderland, J., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 47, 271 (2001), Herzler, M., et al.: J. Anal. Toxicol., 27, 233 (2003), Li, Y., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 35, 1101 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Formyl Erythromycin A is a derivative of Erythromycin (E649950), an antibiotic medication.<br>References Koch, W.L., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 8, 157 (1979),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Clavulanate Potassium EP Impurity C<br>Applications 3-Ethyl-2,5-pyrazinediethanol (Clavulanate Potassium EP Impurity C) is an impurity of Clavulanic acid (C563750). High concentrations of Clavulanic acid but not of its degradation products decrease glycerol consumption and oxygen uptake rates in cultures of Streptomyces clavuligerus.<br>References Zupke, C., et al.: Biotechnol. Prog., 10, 489 (1994), Finlay, J., et al.: J .Antimicrob. Chemother., 52, 18 (2003), Alper, H., et al.: Science, 314, 1565 (2006), Brethauer, S., et al.: Biotechnol. Bioeng., 98, 356 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications A metabolite of Ceftiofur (C244700), which is microbiologic active.<br>References Washburn, K., et al.: J. Vet. Pharm. Ther., 28, 247 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications (Z)-Desbutyl Lumefantrine is a metabolite of Lumefantrine (L474000).<br>References Lefevre, G., et al.: Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 54, 485 (2002); Schepers, U., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 310 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Applications Ester analog of Rapamycin.<br>References Raymond, E., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 22, 2336 (2004), Galanis, E., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 23, 5294 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Cycloserine. Antibacterial (tuberculostatic).<br>References Lamb., J.W., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 1, 53 (1972), Gentry-Weeks, C., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 268, 7298 (1993), Alexander, F., et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 219, 953 (1994), Auger, S., et al.: Biochimie, 87, 231 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Cefminox is a semisynthetic broad spectrum cephamycin antibiotic. Antibacterial.<br>References Inouye, S., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 26, 722 (1984), Watanabe, T., et al.: Drugs Exp. Clin. Res., 10, 293 (1984), Tsuruoka, T., et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 151, 209 (1985),<br></p>

<p>Applications N-[(2S)-3-Amino-2-hydroxypropyl]-N-[3-fluoro-4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]acetamide is one of the major thermal degradation products of Linezolid (L466500). Linezolid impurity.<br>References Hadden, C.E., et al.: J. Heterocyclic Chem., 37, 1623 (2000);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Erythromycin EP Impurity F<br>Applications Pseudo Erythromycin A Enol Ether (Erythromycin EP Impurity F) is an Erythromycin impurity.<br>References Lartey, P.A., et al.: Advan. Pharmacol., 28, 307 (1994), Tonini, M., et al.: Pharmacol. Res., 33, 217 (1997),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Flomoxef Sodium is a sodium salt derivative of Flomoxef (F401850); an oxacephem derived beta-lactam antibiotic that is particularly effective against gram-positive bacteria.<br>References Miwa, H. et al.: Chemotherapy, 35, 121 (1987); Mikamo, H. et al.: Curr. Therap. Res., 56, 873 (1995);<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of the fluorinated quinolone antibacterial Ciprofloxacin.<br>References Tiefenbacher, E., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 83, 463 (1994), Parshikov, I., et al.: App. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 56, 474 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Applications A derivatized of AMOZ (A634600), a metabolite of Nitrofuran.Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants; Heat processing contaminants<br>References Vroomen, L., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 95, 53 (1988), Delatour, T., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 51, 6371 (2003), Stadler, R., et al.: Analyst, 129, 276 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Fosfomycin EP Impurity B<br>Stability Very Hygroscopic<br>Applications [2-[2-Amino-3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]-1-hydroxypropyl]phosphonic Acid (Fosfomycin EP Impurity B) is a Fosfomycin (F727500) impurity. Fosfomycin is an antibiotic that exerts a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity.<br>References McGrath, J.W., et al.: Org. Biomolec. Chem., 7, 9 (1944); Goto, M., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 20, 393 (1981);<br></p>

<p>Applications A triene macrolide antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus. Name derived from the native word for Easter Island, Rapa’Nui. Used as an immunosuppressant; antirestenotic. Sirolimus (INN/USAN), also known as rapamycin, is an immunosuppressant drug used to prevent rejection in organ transplantation; it is especially useful in kidney transplants. It has shown its efficacy against neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.<br>References Martel, P.R., et al.: Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 55, 48 (1977), Carlson, R.P., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 266, 1125 (1993), Kahan, B.D., et al.: Lancet, 356, 194 (2000), Holmes, D.R., et al.: Circulation, 109, 634 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Simvastatin EP Impurity E<br>Applications Lovastatin (Simvastatin EP Impurity E) is an antihypercholesterolemic agent. A fungal metabolite, which is a potent inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase.<br>References Bilheimer, D.W., et al.: Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 80, 4124 (1983),<br></p>

<p>Applications A proteinogenic amino acids involved in the biosynthesis of purines and pyrimidines. Inhibitor of serine palmitoyltransferase. A neuromodulator.<br>References Junjaud, G. et al.: J. Neurochem., 98, 1159 (2006); Hanada, K. et al.: FEBS Lett., 474, 63 (2000); Pollegionni, L. et al.: Cell. Mol. Life Sci., 67, 2387 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Clarithromycin EP Impurity F<br>Applications 12-O-Methyl Clarithromycin (Clarithromycin EP Impurity F) is a methylated impurity of the semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic Clarithromycin (C559750). 12-O-Methyl Clarithromycin was shown to inhibit uptake of Clarithromycin into the lung cells.<br>References Chen, X. et al.: Zhong. Yao., 17, 32 (2008); Yoshida, H. et al.: Jap. J. Antibiot., 53, 615 (2000); Omura, S. et al.: Yakug. Zas., 112, 593 (1992);<br></p>

<p>Applications Moxidectin is a macrocyclic lactone and semisynthetic derivative of nemadectin. Moxidectin is a parasiticide used for the prevention and control of heartworm and intestinal worms. Moxidectin is found in veterinary medicine used to treat animals such as dogs, cats, horses, cattle and sheep.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Bisset, S.A. et al.: New Zeal. Vet. J., 40, 97 (1992); Monahan, C.M. et al.: Vet. Parasitol., 63, 225 (1996); Glickman, L.T. et al.: Int. J. Appl. Res. Vet. Med., 3, 49 (2005);<br></p>

<p>Applications A third generation cephalosporin antibiotic for used in veterinary medicine. It is resistant to antibiotic resistance enzyme beta-lactamase.<br>References Donaldson, S.C. et al.: Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 72, 3940 (2006); Yancey, R.J. et al.: Am. J. Vet. Res., 48, 1050 (1987);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Cefadroxil EP Impurity A(Amoxicillin EP Impurity A)<br>Applications 4-Hydroxy-D-(-)-2-phenylglycine (Cefadroxil EP Impurity A(Amoxicillin EP Impurity A)) is an compound used mainly for the synthetic preparation of β-lactam antibiotics.<br>References Koide, H., et al.: J. Antibio., 65, 91 (2012); Aranaz, I., et al.: Enzyme. Micro. Tech., 39, 215 (2006);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications VANCOMYCIN (cas# 1404-90-6) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications Semi-synthetic rifamycin. Antibacterial (tuberculostatic).<br>References Arioli, V., et al.: J. Antibiot., 34, 1026 (1981), Neu, H.C., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 24, 457 (1983), Assandri, A., et al.: J. Antibiot., 37, 1066 (1984), Jarvis, B., et al.: Drugs, 56, 607 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Tylosin is a macrolide antibiotic isolated from a strain of Streptomycetes fradiae found in soil from Thailand. Antibacterial. This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Hamill, et al.: Antibiot. Chemother., 11, 328 (1961), Corcoran, J.W., et al.: J. Antibiot., 30, 1012 (1977), Seno, E.T., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother., 11, 455 (1977),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Azithromycin EP Impurity F / USP Azithromycin Related Compound F<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Azithromycin impurity.<br>References Kirst, H., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 33, 1419 (1989), Fouda, H., et al.: Ther. Drug Monit., 17, 179 (1995), Gandhi, R., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 23, 1073 (2000),<br></p>