Organometallic Ligands

<p>Inhibits YAP/Tead transcriptional activity. Has anti-tumour effects on oesophageal adenocarcinoma with therapeutic potential in combination with 5-FU. Involved in ferroptosis, mediated by iron-dependent ROS.</p>

<p>6-Thioguanine is a purine analog used in the therapy for leukemia and for remission consolidation in patients with acute nonlymphocytic anemia. This drug also has antimetabolite action. It replaces guanine during DNA replication. This substitution disrupts the accurate pairing of DNA bases, leading to errors in DNA replication and hinders cell division.</p>

<p>Inhibitor of glutathione peroxidase GPX4</p>

<p>PF 05214030 is a biosimilar monoclonal antibody, which is sourced from recombinant DNA technology and designed to inhibit tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). This product functions by binding to TNF-α, a cytokine that plays a critical role in mediating inflammation. By preventing TNF-α from interacting with its receptors on cell surfaces, PF 05214030 effectively reduces the inflammatory response associated with various autoimmune and inflammatory conditions.</p>

<p>FTBMT is a GPR52 receptor agonist with an EC50 value of 71 nM. Studies demonstrate antipsychotic-like effects of FTBMT in murine models of schizophrenia. FTBMT elicits beneficial effects on cognitive processes such as spatial working memory and long-term memory in mice.</p>

<p>Inhibits platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptors</p>

<p>Potent inhibitor of γ-secretase. LY 411575 inhibited production of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides with IC50 of 0.078 nM in vitro as well as decreased levels of Aβ40 and Aβ42 amyloids in brain of a mouse model for Alzheimer’s disease. In vitro studies confirmed that LY 411575 inhibited cleavage of Notch receptor at S3 site with IC50 of 0.39 nM, which blocked Notch activation and downstream signalling, leading to apoptosis in primary and immortalized Kaposi's sarcoma cells.</p>

<p>Mitomycin C is a cytotoxic agent that belongs to the class of mitomycins. It has been used for the treatment of a range of cancers and for ocular surface diseases, such as the glaucoma surgery trabeculectomy. In this case it is administered to reduce post-operative scarring which could otherwise lead to failure of the procedure. Mitomycin C is an alkylating antibiotic that inhibits DNA synthesis by cross-linking the DNA double helix. Mitomycin C also stimulates the production of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Clinically, mitomycin can be used both intravenously and topically, and has been studied in a range of wound healing models.</p>

<p>Regaloside D is a natural product derived from plant sources, specifically isolated from certain species known for their bioactive properties. It functions as a glycoside, a compound in which a sugar is bound to a non-carbohydrate moiety, potentially influencing a variety of cellular processes through its interaction with specific molecular targets.</p>

<p>Androgen receptor antagonist</p>

<p>Fingolimod is a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator that is used in the treatment of relapsing-remitting form of multiple sclerosis. This drug also has been involved in research to manage lung complications in patients with COVID-19. Fingolimod binds to a range of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors. It reduces the inflammation associated with multiple sclerosis due to suppressing the exit of lymphocytes from lymph nodes.</p>

<p>Benazepril is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that can be used to treat hypertension, heart failure and renal failure. It is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. This inhibition prevents the vasoconstrictive effects of this peptide, which are mediated through activation of the renin-angiotensin system.</p>

<p>Natural neurotoxin</p>

<p>Inhibitor of leucine-rich repeat kinase LRRK2Â</p>

<p>t-TUCB is a potent soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitor, which is a chemically synthesized compound. The mode of action of t-TUCB involves the inhibition of sEH, an enzyme responsible for the degradation of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). By inhibiting sEH, t-TUCB effectively increases the levels of EETs, which are signaling molecules involved in numerous physiological processes, including inflammation, blood pressure regulation, and pain perception.</p>

<p>Prodrug of 5-aminosalicylic acid; anti-inflammatory</p>

<p>Inhibits RNAPII-mediated trasncription; immunosuppressant; anti-inflammatory</p>

<p>mGluR5 antagonist</p>

<p>Agonist of hypothalamic neuropeptide LHRH</p>

<p>Mianserin is a tetracyclic antidepressant drug that has antihistaminic and hypnosedative properties. It is used to treat depression in adults and children, as well as other disorders such as chronic pain and irritable bowel syndrome. This drug’s mechanism of action is not fully understood but is said to block alpha-adrenergic, histamine H1 and serotonin receptors.</p>

<p>3-(2-(Benzyloxy)ethoxy)propan-1-ol is a specialized chemical compound often utilized as an intermediate in organic synthesis, which serves as a solvent or stabilizer for various chemical reactions. This compound originates from the etherification of benzyl alcohol, contributing to its unique properties as a flexible linker in synthetic processes.</p>

<p>Naftopidil is an alpha adrenergic antagonist drug that is used to treat urinary symptoms and conditions related to benign prostatic hypertrophy. This drug works to relax smooth muscles by inhibiting alpha adrenergic receptors, thus allowing an improvement in urine flow.</p>

<p>A potent inhibitor of EGFR with sensitizing and T790M resistance mutations, selective over the wild-type form of the receptor. Causes tumour regression in EGFR mutant T790M transgenic and xenograft models in vivo.</p>

<p>Prostanoid receptor agonist</p>

<p>Serotonin (5-HT7) receptor antagonist; anti-psychotic</p>

<p>Smoothened agonist and activator of the Hedgehog signalling pathway with EC50 of 3 nM. SAG binds to the Smoothened heptahelical bundle and antagonises effects of the Smoothened antagonist cyclopamine. In previous studies, SAG activated neurogenesis and neuronal survival in cell and animal models as well as improved cell differentiation of human induced pluripotent cells into the neuronal lineage.</p>

<p>Vanilloid receptor 1 antagonist</p>

<p>Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor; therapy for Alzheimer's disease</p>

<p>Inhibitor of p38 kinase</p>

<p>A selective inhibitor of MEK1/2 kinase. Anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic in multiple myeloma (MM) cells via G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and caspase 3 and PARP cleavage, respectively. Synergistic with other anti-MM therapies. Has anti-tumor effects in some solid tumors, such as in K-ras mutated colorectal cancer.</p>

<p>A potent inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 9 (PDE9) tested in human and murine in vitro assays (IC50 values: 55 nM and 100 nM respectively). BAY 73-6691 induces long-term potentiation and improves memory in rodents. Has therapeutic potential for Alzheimer’s disease.</p>

<p>Anti-inflammatory; inducer of P450 II B family</p>

<p>Allosteric activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) acting on the AMPK-β subunit with therapeutic potential in metabolic disorders such as diabetes, obesity, etc. A769662 also blocks the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and maintains the mESCs in naïve state even in the absence of leukemia inhibitory factor (2i/L).</p>

<p>A cannabinoid receptor agonist, which binds more selectively to CB2 than CB1 receptors (1000-fold). GW833972A inhibits vagus nerve depolarization induced by tussive agents, such as hypertonic saline (EC50 = 6.5 μM), capsaicin (EC50 = 33.9 μM) or PGE2 (EC50 = 15.9 μM).</p>

<p>Fludarabine triphosphate trisodium is a nucleotide analog, which is a type of chemotherapy agent derived from purine nucleosides. This compound is the active metabolite of fludarabine, sourced from synthetic chemistry designed to mimic naturally occurring nucleotides involved in DNA replication. The mode of action involves its incorporation into the DNA strand during replication, where it effectively inhibits DNA polymerase and ribonucleotide reductase. This disruption impairs DNA synthesis, leading to apoptosis or programmed cell death, particularly in rapidly dividing cancer cells.</p>

<p>Inhibits tankyrase (TNKS1 and TNKS2 with IC50 values of 11 and 4 nM respectively), by binding to the catalytic poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) domain. This stabilizes cytoplasmic protein Axin, mediating β-catenin depletion and thereby suppresses Wnt signalling pathway. XAV 939 has anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on neuroblastoma and colorectal cancer cells.</p>

<p>Tacrolimus is a calcineurin inhibitor drug that is used for the prevention of rejection after an organ transplant. This drug can also be used in the treatment of severe atopic dermatitis. Tacrolimus’ mechanism of action is not well known however it is understood that this drug inhibits T-lymphocyte activation by binding to an intracellular protein called FKBP-12. This drug also has anti-inflammatory properties.</p>

<p>Loratadine is a non-sedating, inverse agonist antihistamine used for the treatment of allergic rhinitis, an IgE (immunoglobulin E) mediated disease. Loratadine binds to histamine H1 receptors, preventing histamine from binding and causing an allergic reaction.It has been found to inhibit the release of eosinophil cationic protein by acting on different components of allergic inflammation, in particular in the modulation of ICAM-1 expression on nasal epithelial cells as a mechanism of protective for the epithelium, and therefore, the damage of mucosa is reduced. In recent studies, it was found that loratadine is a potent HR1 antagonist with in vitro inhbitory effect on human mast-cell lines, HMC-1 (from mast cell leukaemia) with an IC50 between 10 and 50 μM.Loratadine is part of our Bio-X ™ Range. These products are aimed at life science researchers who need high quality ready to use products for assay development, screening or other R&amp;D work. With a solubility datasheet and convenient vials, all of our Bio-X ™ products are in stock across our global warehouses for rapid delivery and ease of use.</p>

<p>Malotilate is a pharmacological agent that is used to treat symptoms of hepatitis, bowel disease, and collagen diseases. This drug reduces collagen synthesis and cell migration activity of fibroblasts in vitro. It also has been shown to facilitate liver regeneration in rats.</p>

<p>Inhibitor of the Bruton tyrosine kinase</p>

<p>Ramipril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of high blood pressure, congestive heart failure and other cardiovascular diseases. Ramipril inhibits the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II by blocking ACE, which lowers blood pressure and reduces fluid retention.This product is part of our Bio-X ™ Range. These products are aimed at life science researchers who need high quality ready-to-use products for assay development, screening or other R&amp;D work. With a solubility datasheet and convenient vials, all of our Bio-X ™ products are in stock across our global warehouses for rapid delivery and ease of use.</p>

<p>Opioid receptor antagonist</p>

<p>Inhibitor of PDE4 enzyme; anti-inflammatory</p>

<p>Analeptic</p>

<p>(S)-Mephenytoin is a substrate of cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP2C19 (a hydroxylase). It is an effective anticonvulsant that improves control of seizures in patients. According to studies, the drug exhibits a genetic polymorphism in CYP2C19 that results in reduced metabolism in some individuals.</p>

<p>Docetaxel is an antineoplastic agent that is used to treat various cancers such as breast and prostate cancer. This drug interferes with the normal function of microtubule growth. It is an anti-mitotic drug used in chemotherapy. Research has shown that this drug also induces programmed cell death in cancer cells.</p>

<p>A cytidine analogue and inhibitor of DNA methyl transferases (DNMTs) with anti-cancer activity. This stable, hydrophilic compound forms covalent complexes between DNMT and zebularine-substrate DNA. It causes DNA lesions that block replication and cause replication fork collapse, leading to the formation of DNA double-strand breaks. It was also shown that zebularine-induced DNA methylation decrease in the IL-1β promoter region and disrupts molecular mechanisms of neuroinflammation. Moreover, this molecule down-regulates the DNA-methylation profile in the pluripotency genes’ promoters, which leads to improved development of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos.</p>

<p>Aminopterin is an antineoplastic agent and antifolate, which is a synthetic derivative of pteroylglutamic acid. It functions as a chemotherapeutic agent by inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme crucial in the folic acid pathway, thereby preventing the conversion of dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate. This disruption leads to impaired synthesis of purine nucleotides and thymidylate, which are essential for DNA synthesis and cell division.</p>

<p>Angiotensin II receptor antagonist</p>

<p>Dapoxetine is a serotonin reuptake inhibitor drug that is used to treat premature ejaculation. This drug works by increasing the levels of serotonin in the brain, which in turn can help to delay the reflex that triggers ejaculation. As a result, it delays ejaculation and improves control over this.</p>