Metabolism

<p>10 FTHF disodium (10-Formyltetrahydrofolic acid disodium) is a form of tetrahydrofolate that is involved in the synthesis of purine compounds.</p>

α-Glucosidase-IN-73 (compound 16b), an α-Glucosidase inhibitor, exhibits an IC 50 value of 0.158 μM and possesses the ability to activate PPAR γ. This compound is applicable in studies focusing on anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory treatments.

NAD Synthetase is responsible for the final step in the synthesis of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD). The enzyme sourced from Escherichia coli exhibits Km values of 200 μM for NAD, 11 μM for ATP, and 0.65 μM for ammonia. Conversely, NAD Synthetase derived from yeast demonstrates Km values of 170 μM for NAD, 190 μM for ATP, and 64 μM for ammonia. This enzyme is applicable in enzymatic assays for ATP, ammonia, urea, or creatinine and can also be used in enzymatic recycling methods. Additionally, NAD Synthetase holds potential for research into metabolic diseases, cancer, aging, and neurodegenerative disorders.

PKM2-IN-10 is a PKM2 inhibitor. It effectively suppresses the proliferation of A549 and HCC1833 cell lines with IC50 values of 3.36 μM and 9.20 μM, respectively. PKM2-IN-10 demonstrates antitumor activity in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and mouse lung adenocarcinoma models. It is applicable for research in lung cancer.

Compound 10 (h15-LOX-2 inhibitor 2) suppresses h15-LOX activity, exhibiting IC 50 and K i values of 26.9 μM and 16.4 μM, respectively.

ESI1 is a small molecule inhibitor of epigenetic silencing. This compound induces the formation of nuclear aggregates of the key lipid metabolism regulator SREBP1/2, thereby concentrating transcription co-activators to drive lipid/cholesterol biosynthesis. Additionally, ESI1 promotes myelin regeneration in demyelination animal models and facilitates de novo myelination on regenerating CNS axons, reversing age-related cognitive decline.

1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzofuran (1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF) is a type of polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF). It promotes the expression of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) genes in H-4-II-E rat hepatoma cells with EC50 values of 1.47 and 1.24 nM, respectively. 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF also reduces rat body weight, causes thymic atrophy, and induces the expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) subtype CYP1A1 and 4-chlorobiphenyl hydroxylase genes with EC50 values of 3.2, 0.9, 0.35, and 0.21 µmol/kg.

(24S)-24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 undergoes various levels of hydroxylation to form active vitamin D3 analogs.

Galactose 1-dehydrogenase, pseudomonas fluorescens, a dehydrogenase found in Pseudomonas fluorescens, facilitates the oxidation of L-arabinose and D-galactose, utilizing NADP+/NAD+ as a cofactor. This enzyme is employed in diagnostic assays to quantify total galactose levels and serves as a biocatalyst in the production of galacturonic acid salts.

Creatine kinase (OcCK) converts creatine and ATP into phosphocreatine and ADP, crucial for ATP/ADP balance during high energy demand.

MPC-IN-1 (compound 4i), a derivative of UK-5099, is a cyanocinnamate-based inhibitor of the mitochondrial pyruvate transporter (MPC). This compound selectively fosters the development of hair follicle stem cells while not impacting normal cells. It enhances cellular lactate production and has shown significant hair growth promotion in mice, suggesting its potential use in combating hair loss.

15-keto Latanoprost, a less potent metabolite and impurity of latanoprost, lowers intraocular pressure in monkeys and constricts pupils in cats.

N-Benzoyl-L-Leucine is a leucine derivative exhibiting antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.

Nuclease SM is a non-specific nuclease endonuclease predominantly found in Salmonella, categorized as a basic protein. It exhibits non-thermostability and can retain its activity for approximately 24 hours at 25°C.

Rawsonol is a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor from the tropical green alga Avrainvillea rawsoni.

<p>α-Amylase/α-Glucosidase-IN-18 (Compound 9g) is an inhibitor of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, with IC50 values of 49.17 nM and 10.71 nM, respectively. It is suitable for research related to type 2 diabetes.</p>

α-Glucosidase-IN-24 (Compound 13), an α-Glucosidase inhibitor, exhibits an IC50 value of 451 μM and can be derived from Swertia kouitchensis [1].

<p>5,6-Dihydroabiraterone, a metabolite of Abiraterone, is a strong, irreversible CYP17A1 inhibitor, effective in CRPC.</p>

1-O-p-Coumaroyl-β-D-glucose, a compound extractable from Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem (sponge gourds) [1] [2], has been found to enhance glucose uptake in HuH7 cells.

Ethyl gentisate acts as a dual regulator of cell differentiation, promoting osteoblast differentiation while inhibiting osteoclast differentiation.