Metabolism

hCAIX-IN-16 (Compound 12d), an inhibitor of hCA IX, exhibits inhibition constants (K i) of 190.0 nM for hCA IX and 187.9 nM for hCA XII.

1-Linoleoyl-3-α-linolenoyl-rac-glycerol, a diacylglycerol, features linoleic acid at the sn-1 position and α-linolenic acid at the sn-3 position. This compound is identified in olive oil that has undergone lipase-catalyzed glycerolysis, utilizing immobilized lipase B derived from C. antarctica.

VU0364739, a selective phospholipase D2 (PLD2) inhibitor with an IC50 of 22 nM, effectively reduces cancer cell proliferation [1].

BMS-986172 is an orally active, highly selective inhibitor of MGAT2, demonstrating inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 4.6 nM for human MGAT2 (hMGAT2) and 20 nM

1-Isopropyltryptophan (1-IsoPT), an IDO1 inhibitor, suppresses the expression of IDO-1 and IDO-2 mRNA induced by IFN-γ stimulation [1].

PHD-IN-1 (compound 80) serves as a potent PHD2 inhibitor, exhibiting an IC50 value of ≤5 nM.

IDO1/TDO-IN-6 (compound 11) is a dual inhibitor targeting IDO1 and TDO, exhibiting IC50 values of 2.25 μM for IDO1 and 2.89 μM for TDO.

PHD-IN-2 (Compound 91), a potent PHD antagonist with an IC50 of less than 5 nM, effectively stimulates erythropoietin synthesis in HEP3B cells with an EC50 of

Palmitoleic acid, an ω-7 monounsaturated fatty acid found in macadamia and sea buckthorn oils, enhances both basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, as well as Glut4 protein levels in 3T3-L1 adipocytes at a 200 µM concentration. Ex vivo, at a dosage of 300 mg/kg per day, it significantly increases glucose uptake and both aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis, while decreasing de novo fatty acid synthesis and the activity of lipogenic enzymes, specifically ATP citrate lyase (ACL) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), in isolated murine adipocytes. Furthermore, the dietary administration of palmitoleic acid at 300 mg/kg mitigates high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance and liver inflammation in mice.

N-Methyl Palbociclib is an impurity of the orally active selective CDK4 and CDK6 inhibitor Palbociclib (PD 0332991).

1,2-Dioleoyl-3-stearoyl-rac-glycerol, a triacylglycerol, features oleic acid at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions and stearic acid at the sn-3 position. This compound is present in sunflower, corn, and soybean oils, as well as in ostrich oil.

9(Z),11(E)-Conjugated Linoleic Acid Methyl Ester, identified in lemon grass (C. flexuosus), serves as a standard for quantifying conjugated linoleic acids in thermally stressed olive oil and trans fats in bakery products. [Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1255]

Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are a class of endogenous lipids whose levels are modulated by fasting and high-fat diets and are linked to insulin sensitivity. These compounds typically consist of a C-16 or C-18 fatty acid, such as palmitoleic, palmitic, oleic, or stearic acid, esterified to a hydroxylated C-16 or C-18 lipid. One specific form of FAHFA, known as 9-OAHSA, involves the esterification of oleic acid to 9-hydroxy stearic acid. Within the FAHFA family, OAHSAs notably represent the predominant form found in the serum of glucose-tolerant AG4OX mice, which uniquely overexpress the Glut4 glucose transporter in adipose tissue.

LFHP-1c, a neuroprotective PGAM5 inhibitor, demonstrates efficacy in preserving blood-brain barrier integrity following ischemic stroke.

1,2-Dipropionyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PC) is a phospholipid characterized by the presence of propionic acid at its sn-1 and sn-2 positions. This compound has applications in the investigation of interactions between water and the phosphocholine headgroup in aqueous solutions.

α-Glucosidase-IN-29 (compound 19) is an inhibitor of α-glucosidases, exhibiting an IC50 value of 1.21 μM and a Ki of 1.80 μM.

PF-04957325 is an inhibitor of PDE8.PF-04957325 has an IC50 of 0.7 nM for PDE8A.PF-04957325 can be used for the study of autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

2-Myristyl dipalmitin (PMP), a triglyceride of palmitic acid, shows potential as a lipid marker for Wilson's disease (WD) [1] [2].

IDH1 Inhibitor 3 is a mutant isocitric dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) inhibitor (IC50: 45 nM for IDH1R132H).

Lp-PLA2-IN-14 (Compound 19), an inhibitor of rhLp-PLA2, exhibits a potent inhibitory effect with a pIC50 value of 8.4.