Metabolism

<p>γ-Globulins, a protein fraction found in human blood, comprise a class of proteins with potent antibody activity that safeguards against bacterial and viral</p>

<p>Z-Thioprolyl-Thioproline, a bovine brain PEP inhibitor; IC50=16 µM, Ki=37 µM, used in cognitive disorder research.</p>

<p>3-Oxo-7-hydroxychol-4-enoic acid, a body metabolite, may signal bad liver disease prognosis.</p>

<p>O-Desmethyl apixaban is a metabolite of Apixaban, a selective Factor Xa inhibitor with Ki of 0.08 nM in humans.</p>

<p>Phosphoramidon inhibits metallo-endopeptidase, endothelin-converting enzyme, and thermolysin; derived from Streptomyces tanashiensis culture.</p>

<p>Pyrocholecalciferol, a vitamin D analogue, is produced through the photochemical transformation of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) [1] [2].</p>

<p>2,8-Dihydroxyadenine causes urinary crystals, kidney stones, and helps diagnose APRT deficiency.</p>

(S)-3,4-Dihydroxybutyric acid is a human urinary metabolite.

<p>28-Epirapamycin, an impurity of Rapamycin, serves as a potent and specific mTOR inhibitor, exhibiting an IC50 value of 0.1 nM in HEK293 cells [1].</p>

<p>CP-610431 inhibits ACC1/ACC2 (nonselective) with ~50 nM IC50, potentially aiding metabolic syndrome research.</p>

<p>ND-011992: Quinazoline inhibitor of E. coli respiratory enzymes; IC50s: 0.12-2.47 μM; potential tuberculosis research.</p>

<p>Compound PDK0291, with CAS No. 59-31-4, is a fragment molecule that serves as an important scaffold for molecular linking, expansion, and modification. Compound PDK0291 provides a structural basis and research tool for the design and screening of novel drug candidates, and is commonly used in drug discovery, drug synthesis, and related research.</p>

<p>β-Glucosidase is a glucoside bond hydrolase involved in glucose metabolism and can be used to study diseases caused by abnormal glucose metabolism.</p>

<p>PDE enzyme hydrolyzes cyclic nucleotides, regulates signal transduction, and varies in type (PDE1-PDE11) with disease research potential.</p>

<p>CAIX/CAXII-IN-3 (compound 11) serves as an inhibitor for CAIX/CAXII, exhibiting an IC50 value of less than 65 nM. Additionally, this compound effectively inhibits the proliferation of human melanoma cells.</p>

<p>PROTAC PTPN2 degrader-1, a strong PTPN2 eliminator, may aid cancer/metabolic disease research.</p>

<p>L-Amino acid oxidase catalyzes the oxidative deamination of L-amino acids, which have local oxidative effects as well as potent antimicrobial effects.</p>

<p>IDO1-IN-11 is an IDO1 inhibitor with an IC 50 value of 0.6 nM.</p>

<p>FAHFAs, fats linked with insulin sensitivity, are altered by diet and fasting. Most common in AG4OX mice, 9-PAHSA is key, reduced in insulin-resistant humans.</p>

<p>Hydroxycotinine is the main nicotine metabolite detected in smokers' urine.</p>

<p>(E)-Dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol inhibits hCA IX/XII enzymes and blocks NF-κB nuclear translocation in healing tissues.</p>

First potent PROTAC IDO1 degrader; links IDO1 to CRBN E3 ligase for UPS-induced degradation (DC50=2.84 μM), boosts H ER2 CAR-T cell efficacy.

<p>CAIX/CAXII-IN-4 (Compound 7h) is an inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase (CA) that binds to CAIX, CA XII, and CAII with Ki values of 1.324 μM, 0.435 μM, and 3.035 μM, respectively. This compound exhibits broad-spectrum anti-tumor activity and inhibits the proliferation of central nervous system tumor cells U251, with a GI50 of 0.361 μM.</p>

<p>CMP-Sialic acid inhibits UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase and is a key substrate for sialic acid biosynthesis.</p>

<p>MC 1046 is an impurity of Calcipotriol. Calcipotriol is a ligand of VDR-like receptors.</p>

<p>Validamine is a natural pseudo-aminosugar.</p>

<p>THX6 is an activator of human mitochondrial protease ClpP, with an EC50 of 1.18 μM. It displays cytotoxicity in ONC201-resistant SU-DIPG-VI cells, with an IC50 of 0.13 μM. THX6 inhibits the expression of mitochondria-related proteins (such as parkin, TFAM, NRF1, SDHA), leading to impaired mitochondrial function. Additionally, THX6 affects cell membrane lipid metabolism and exhibits antitumor potential.</p>

<p>Seco Rapamycin sodium salt is a ring-opened product of Rapamycin.</p>

<p>5(S)-HpETE is a PUFA made by 5-LO from arachidonic acid, metabolized into LTA4, a key leukotriene precursor.</p>

<p>hBChE-IN-3 (compound 30) serves as both an activator of carbonic anhydrase (CA) and an inhibitor of cholinesterase (ChE), exhibiting IC50 values of 7.4 nM for AchE and 1.9 nM for BchE. This compound is utilized in the research of neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders.</p>

<p>Cis-Vitamin K1 is an endogenous metabolite of Vitamin K [1] .</p>

<p>9(S)-HOTrE is a plant metabolite and octadecatrienoic acid produced by the action of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) on α-linolenic acid.</p>

<p>Vitamin K1 2,3-epoxide (Phylloquinone oxide) is reduced to vitamin k and is involved in the vitamin k cycle.</p>

<p>BSO-07 is a ROS/JNK activator that exhibits potent anti-cancer properties, demonstrated by an IC50 of 24.81 μM in human breast cancer (BC) cells. The mechanism of action for BSO-07 involves JNK activation and the promotion of increased ROS levels, which lead to the induction of apoptosis (Apoptosis) and tumorigenic apoptosis. This includes enhanced expression of apoptosis-related proteins such as PARP, Bax, phosphorylated p53, ATF4, and CHOP, along with a reduction in the levels of anti-apoptotic proteins (e.g., Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Survivin). BSO-07 holds promise for research in the field of breast cancer.</p>

<p>CD13-IN-1 (Compound 5f) is a CD13 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 1.71 μM. It effectively suppresses the proliferation of various tumor cells, demonstrating antitumor activity.</p>

<p>NU227326 is a PROTAC degrader of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) with a DC50 value of 4.5 nM. It effectively degrades IDO1 in U87 and GBM43 cells, with DC50 values of 7.1 nM and 11.8 nM, respectively. NU227326 exhibits favorable pharmacokinetic properties, with a plasma half-life of 5.7 hours and a brain tissue half-life of 11.8 hours. (Pink: ligand for target protein IDO1 ligand-1; Black: linker; Blue: ligand for E3 ligase Cereblon).</p>

<p>L-Lactate dehydrogenase is an enantiospecific redox enzyme reducing pyruvate to L-lactate using NADH.</p>

<p>8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is a natural product for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T37164 and the CAS number is 27415-26-5.</p>

<p>Sinbaglustat (OGT2378), an oral N-alkyl iminosugar, inhibits GCS/GBA2 and treats lysosomal storage and neurodegenerative disorders.</p>

<p>1, 4-butanediamine is an aliphatic diamine compound that can be used as an analytical reagent to assist in precise detection experiments and also as a dye intermediate to facilitate the synthesis of various functional dyes.</p>

Calcitetrol is the hormonally active form of vitamin D with three hydroxyl groups.

<p>13,14-dihydro PGE1, a metabolite of PGE1, inhibits platelet aggregation and activates adenylate cyclase with IC50 of 31/21 nM and Kact 668 nM.</p>

<p>Trityl olmesartan medoxomil impurity III is an intermediate impurity in Olmesartan medoxomil synthesis.</p>

<p>(±)13-HODE cholesteryl ester was originally extracted from atherosclerotic lesions and shown to be produced by Cu2+-catalyzed oxidation of LDL.</p>

<p>MSI-1436 lactate is a selective, non-competitive the enzyme protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTB1B)inhibitor(IC50 of appr 1 μM)</p>

<p>Tauro-α-muricholic acid (TαMCA) is an antagonist of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR; IC50 = 28 μM) and a taurine-conjugated form of the murine-specific primary</p>

<p>CMI977 is a potent inhibitor of 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO).</p>

<p>Metrizamide is a nonionic radiopaque contrast agent.</p>

<p>CM121, a reversible ALDH1A2 inhibitor, targets active site with IC50=0.54μM, Kd=1.1μM, using hydrophobic interactions.</p>

<p>Xanthine Oxidase-IN-9 (also known as Icarisids E or Compound 2) effectively inhibits xanthine oxidase (XOD) with an IC50 value of 31.81 μM [1].</p>