Triterpenes (C₃₀)

Euscaphic acid, isolated from roots of Rosa rugosa, inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses by interference with the clustering of TRAF6 with IRAK1 and TAK1, resulting in blocking the activation of IKK and MAPKs signal transduction to downregulate NF-κB activations.

Chikusetsusaponin IVa is a novel AMPK activator, can induce insulin secretion from βTC3 cells via GPR40 mediated calcium and PKC pathways, may be developed into a new potential for therapeutic agent used in T2DM patients.Chikusetsusaponin IVa exerts antithrombotic effects, including minor hemorrhagic events.

Hosenkoside A is a nartural product from Impatiens balsamina L.

Ganoderic acid D (GD) is the major active triterpenoid in Ganoderma lucidum, a medicinal fungus used daily; biliary rather than renal clearance was the major route of excretion, the metabolic transformation included reduction, monohydroxylation, dihydroxylation, trihydroxylation, oxidation, desaturation, sulfation, and glucuronidation; the main metabolic soft spots in the chemical structure of GD were the 3-carbonyl group, angular methyl groups, the 7-hydroxy group, and the 26-carboxylic acid moiety.

Madecassoside is a mechanism-based inhibitor of CYP2C19 and CYP3A4, which has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptosis, wound-healing, and neuroprotective activities, It may have cardioprotective effects in LPS-mediated through inhibition of ERK, p38, and NF-κB activity, it inhibited the pro-inflammatory mediators, including COX-2 expression, PGE2 production, TNF-αand IL-6 levels and the up-regulation anti-inflammatory molecule IL-10.

Oxidization and hydroxylation are the common metabolic pathways for Ganoderic acid B.

Ganoderic acid H( GA-H )and ganoderic acid A(GA-A ) suppress growth (cell proliferation and colony formation) and invasive behavior (adhesion, migration and invasion) of MDA-MB-231 cells; they mediate their biological effects through the inhibition of transcription factors AP-1 and NF-kappaB, resulting in the down-regulation of expression of Cdk4 and the suppression of secretion of uPA, respectively; furthermore, the activity of ganoderic acids is linked to the hydroxylation in the position 7 and 15 (GA-A) and 3 (GA-H) in their triterpene lanostane structure; so hydroxylated triterpenes from G. lucidum could be promising natural agents for the therapy of invasive breast cancers.

Asiatic acid is a pentacyclic triterpene contained in medicinal plants, can be used as an agent for increasing sensitivity of colon cancer cells to treatment with CPT-11 or as an agent for reducing adverse effects of CPT-11.

Soyasapogenol B has anti-cancer, hypocholesterolemic, anticomplementary, hepatoprotective effects, it inhibits proliferation of cultured Hep-G2.

Celosin H, celosin I, and celosin J could be used as chemical markers for the quality control of C. argentea seeds. Celosin I exhibited significant hepatoprotective effect on carbon tetrachloride-induced and N,N-dimethylformamide-induced hepatotoxicity in mice.

Wilforlide A is a quality control standard of Tripterygium Glycosides that be listed in Drug Standard of Ministry of Public Health of the People's Republic of China. Wilforlide A has obvious anti-inflammatory effects.

Ganoderic acid A is a lanostane triterpene isolated from Ganoderma lucidum. It exhibits antitumor activity, which is mainly mediated through its inhibitory effect on nuclear transcription factor-kappaB and activator protein-1, it promotes cisplatin-induced cell death by enhancing the sensitivity of HepG2 cells to cisplatin mainly via the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 suppression.

Mogroside V, a compound isolated from Momordica grosvenori Swingle, which belongs to the Cucurbitaceae, is a traditional Chinese medicine reported to have anti-inflammatory potential in murine macrophages and a murine ear edema model, mogroside V has the potential to protect against LPS-induced airway inflammation in a model of ALI.

Beta-boswellic acid and its derivatives (the major constituents of Boswellin) have anti-carcinogenic, anti-tumor, and anti-hyperlipidemic activities. Beta-boswellic acid can significantly enhance neurite outgrowth, branching, and tubulin polymerization dynamics.

Ganoderenic acid A, is isolated as the potent inhibitor of beta-glucuronidase, it has a potent hepatoprotective effect against CCl4-induced liver injury.

Soyasaponin Bb can suppress Eca-9706 cell growth, reverse effects on over expression of c-met, VEGF, and induce cell apoptosis through inhibiting HDAC1-NF-kappaB and activating PETEN and caspase-3 signaling pathways.

Oleanolic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid compound with a widespread occurrence throughout the plant kingdom. In nature, the compound exists either as a free acid or as an aglycone precursor for triterpenoid saponins, in which it can be linked to one or more sugar chains. Oleanolic acid and its derivatives possess hepatoprotective effects, and anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, or anticancer activities.